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Effects of plastic sheet on water saving and yield under furrow irrigation method in semi-arid region

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第1期11卷 172-177页

作者： Muhammad Sohail Memon Kausar Ali Altaf Ali Siyal Jun Guo Shamim Ara Memon Shakeel Ahmed Soomro Noreena Memon Changying Ji College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210031China Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam 70060Pakistan U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in water(USPCAS-W) Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoroSindh 76062Pakistan Yancheng Vocational Institute of Industry Technology Yancheng 224005China

The increasing demand of water in the country highlights the need to introduce low-input and water saving technologies for agricultural sustainability and crop production,mainly in semi-arid region.A study was conducted to minimize deep percolation losses from the furrow bottom under two different irrigation treatments viz.(1)furrow bottom with plastic sheet(T1)and(2)furrow bottom without plastic Sheet(T0).The physical and chemical analyses of soil profile were taken at a depth of 0-80 cm before and after crop *** dry density of soil slightly increased(0.01 g/cm^(3))under both treatments,while soil pH decreased under *** average yield was 8332 kg/hm^(2) and 7575 kg/hm^(2),with 21.56 m^(3) and 31.09 m^(3) total volume of irrigation water applied under T1and T0,*** saving percentages of water under treatments were 52.22% and 31.00% under T1 and T0 respectively as compared to the saving of water under traditional irrigation ***,better performance,in terms of crop production and water saving,was obtained with use of plastic sheet integrated with bottom of ***,it is suggested that the furrow irrigation method with plastic sheet may be used to preventing moisture and minimize deep percolation losses from furrow bottom.

关键词： furrow irrigation semi-arid region water saving yield plastic sheet deep percolation okra crop soil pH

Effect of water saving Irrigation Management Practices on Rice Productivity and Methane Emission from Paddy Field

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第9期8卷 182-196页

作者： Hafsa Jahan Hiya Muhammad Aslam Ali Md. Abdul Baten Sanjit Chandra Barman Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

Irrigation water supply is one of the vital components for sustainable rice farming, which is becoming a limiting resource in the changing climatic condition. An experiment was conducted at the research field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during dry season from January-June of 2017 to investigate the suitability of Alternate Wet and Dry Irrigation (AWDI) for sustainable rice production and reducing methane emission. The modern rice variety BINA Dhan 10 was used as test crop. There were five irrigation treatments viz. T1 (saturated condition), T2 (continuous flooded, 5 cm standing water), T3 (AWDI-10 cm;irrigated when water level fell 10 cm from surface), T4 (AWDI-15 cm;irrigated when water level fell 15 cm from surface) and T5 (AWDI-20 cm;irrigated when water level fell 20 cm from surface). Results of the field trial showed satisfactory grain yield and low seasonal methane emission along with significantly high irrigation water savings (%) in AWDI treated field plots. Among the treatments, T3 (AWDI-10 cm) and T4 (AWDI-15 cm) showed higher yield performance (6250kg.ha-1 and 5810 kg.ha-1, respectively) with lower CH4 emission (reduced up to 36% and 40%, respectively) compared to continuous flooded treatment (T2, CF 5 cm water). In AWDI field plots less irrigation frequency (6 - 9) was required which significantly sav

关键词： water saving AWDI CH4 GWP Rice Paddy

A New water saving Device of Swirling Flow for Cooling Towers

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Electricity 2011年第4期22卷 52-57页

作者： Xu Yongjun 1 , E Xuequan, Kan Changzhen Key Laboratory for Hydrodynamics and Ocean Engineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Hydrodynamics and Ocean Engineering Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences

This paper is concerned with water saving for water-loop cooling tower system in power plants. A newly developed water saving device of swirling flow is presented. The key point is that the new water saving device makes the steam swirl up along the device wall rather than engender laminar flow in a corrugated plate. The corrugated plate device can save approximately 10 percent of the total lost water. In contrast to the scale model of corrugated plate water saving device, experimental analyses have demonstrated that the new water saving device of swirling flow is more efficient, with a capacity of saving more than 20 percent of water.

关键词： cooling tower water saving swirling flow power plant

Soil Temperature and Maize Nitrogen Uptake Improvement Under Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation

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Pedosphere 2016年第6期26卷 872-886页

作者： Fatemeh KARANDISH Ali SHAHNAZARI Assistant Professor Water Engineering DepartmentUniversity of ZabolZabol 35856-98613(Iran) water Engineering Department Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySari 378(Iran)

Soil temperature is a major effective factor on the soil and plant biological *** can affect soil temperature and thereby induces a temperature effect on plant growth,which may result in an economic increase due to higher yield and plant nutrition.A ?eld experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of three irrigation strategies including full irrigation(FI),partial root-zone drying(PRD) and de?cit irrigation(DI) on soil temperature and the consequent results on the grain yield and N uptake of maize(Zea May L.).Soil temperature was measured by time domain re?ectometry(TDR) sensors during the 2010 growing *** treatments were applied from 55 to 107 d after *** PRD treatment caused soil temperature to be in a favorable domain for a longer period(for over 60% of the measuring dates) as a consequent result of water movement to deeper soil layers compared with the other treatments;the PRD treatment also reduced soil temperature at deeper soil depths to below the maximum favorable soil temperature for maize root growth,which resulted in deeper root penetration due to both water availability and favorable soil *** to the FI treatment,the PRD treatment increased root water uptake by 50% and caused no signi?cant reduction in total N uptake,while this was not observed in the DI treatment partially due to the negative temperature effect of DI on plant growth,which consequently affected the water and nutrient uptake.A longer vegetation period in the PRD treatment was observed due to higher leaf N concentrations and no signi?cant reduction in maize grain yield occurred in the PRD treatment,compared with those in the FI *** on the results,having 15.2% water saving during the whole growing season,the PRD irrigation would positively affect soil temperature and the water and nutrient uptake as a consequent,which thereby would prevent signi?cant reduction in maize grain yield.

关键词： full irrigation deficit irrigation grain yield irrigation strategy leaf N concentration root growth water saving water uptake

Impact of sole and combined application of biochar,organic and chemical fertilizers on wheat crop yield and water productivity in a dry tropical agro-ecosystem

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Biochar 2019年第2期1卷 229-235页

作者： Rishikesh Singh Pardeep Singh Hema Singh A.S.Raghubanshi Integrative Ecology Laboratory(IEL) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development(IESD)Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Department of Environmental Studies PGDAV CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110065India Department of Botany Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

Agriculture under changing climate scenario is facing major challenges of water scarcity and resource *** water productivity(WP)may act as an indicator of crop responses to water *** amendments such as biochar and manure application to soil are suggested for improving soil quality and reducing water requirements from agricultural ***,studies exploring the impact of biochar as sole or in combination with organic and/or chemical fertilizers on WP in dry tropical agro-ecosystems are *** this study,we observed the effect of rice-husk ash(RHA,biochar)along with farm-yard manure(FYM)and chemical fertilizers(CF)under varying water conditions on soil hydro-physical properties,yield and WP of wheat ***-filled pore space(WFPS),grain and straw yield,irrigation and total water productivity varied significantly(at Pwater holding capacity(WHC)and WFPS,whereas a decrease in crop yield was observed as compared to the *** and total water productivity were found higher under combined RHA+FYM and sole CF treatments with reduced water supply(except sole CF)as compared to control and sole RHA treatments with full water *** water productivity was found positively correlated with grain and straw yields,however,significant correlations were not observed with WHC and *** indicate that increasing soil hydro-physical properties in silty-loam soil may hinder crop yield and WP under sole biochar applied ***,the implications of the study would help in devising agro-management practices based on combined application of RHA and FYM with reduced chemical fertilizer and water inputs to mitigate the impacts of climate change without compromising crop yield in the highly vulnerable dry tropical agro-ecosystem of ***,long-term studies ar

关键词： Agro-ecosystems Biochar Indo-Gangetic plains Inceptisol Silty-loam texture water saving

Conservation of natural enemy fauna in citrus canopies by horticultural mineral oil： Comparison with effects of carbaryl and methidathion treatments for control of armored scales

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Insect Science 2010年第5期17卷 414-426页

作者： Weiguang Liang Alan Meats G. Andrew C. Beattie Robert Spooner-Hartt Laura Jiang Centre for Plant and Food Sciences University of Western Sydney School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Austrafia

The disruptive effects of an nC24 horticultural mineral oil （HMO） and two other insecticides （carbaryl and methidathion） on two armored scale insects and natural enemy fauna were evaluated in two citrus orchards. In the first orchard, all three spray treatments and non-sprayed controls were distributed separately among individual trees in one block, whereas in the second orchard the control, HMO and methidathion treatments were applied at the level of whole blocks. The results in both orchards were similar. All three of the spray treatments had a lethal effect on the red scale insects and the effects of HMO and methidathion tested at the second site lasted for at least 19 weeks and for purple scale, at least 50 weeks. HMO did not have a significant effect on the abundance and species diversity of parasitoids and （for the most part） did not affect coccinellids and predatory mites. Both carbaryl and methidathion caused significant ongoing disruption to the above groups. No treatment resulted in the resurgence of the scale insects or the outbreak ofphytophagous mites, even where whole blocks were sprayed.

关键词： conservation HMO replacement resurgence water saving

Alternate Wetting and Drying of Rice Reduced CH4 Emissions but Triggered N2O Peaks in a Clayey Soil of Central Italy

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 533-548页

作者： Alessandra LAGOMARSINO Alessandro Elio AGNELLI Bruce LINQUIST Maria Arlene ADVIENTO-BORBE Alberto AGNELLI Giacomo GAVINA Stefano RAVAGLIA Rossana Monica FERRARA Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria centro di ricerca per l'Agro Biologia e la Pedologia 50121 Firenze Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali Universita di Perugia 06123 Perugia Societa Italiana Sementi S. Lazzaro di Savena 40068 Bologna Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria Research Unit for Cropping Systems in Dry Environments70125 Bari

Reducing CH4 and N20 emissions from rice cropping systems while sustaining production levels with less water requires a better understanding of the key processes involved. Alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation is one promising practice that has been shown to reduce CH4 emissions. However, little is known about the impact of this practice on N20 emissions, in particular under Mediterranean climate. To close this knowledge gap, we assessed how AWD influenced grain yield, fluxes and annual budgets of CH4 and N20 emissions, and global warming potential （GWP） in Italian rice systems over a 2-year period. Overall, a larger GWP was observed under AWD, as a result of high N20 emissions which offset reductions in CH4 emissions. In the first year, with 70% water reduction, the yields were reduced by 33%, CH4 emissions decreased by 97%, while N20 emissions increased by more than 5-fold under AWD as compared to PF; in the second year, with a 40% water saving, the reductions of rice yields and CH4 emissions （13% and 11%, respectively） were not significant, but N20 fluxes more than doubled. The transition from anaerobic to aerobic soil conditions resulted in the highest N20 fluxes under AWD. The duration of flooding, transition to aerobic conditions, water level above the soil surface, and the relative timing between fertilization and flooding were the main drivers affecting greenhouse gas mitigation potential under AWD and should be carefully planned through site-specific management options.

关键词： aerobic soil conditions fertilization global warming potential greenhouse gas mitigation potential water saving

Comparison of Two Dripper Line Designs to Assess Cotton Yield,water Use,and Net Return in Northwest China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第11期11卷 1924-1932页

作者： WANG Ruo-shui WAN Shu-qin KANG Yue-hu LIU Shi-ping Key Laboratory of water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China

This study aimed to compare the effects of two types of drip irrigation line design on cotton yield, water use, and net returns. The experiments were carried out in the arid region of Xinjiang, Northwest China, during 2009-2010 growing years. The two types of lateral placement are commonly used by the local farmers in the area： double lines （two laterals controlling four rows） and single line designs （one lateral controlling four rows）. The results indicated that less irrigation water was applied by single line compared with double lines design. This implies that more irrigation water could be saved using single line, by reducing the water consumption of cotton. The emergence rates for double lines were 2 and 6% higher than those for single line design in 2009 and 2010. The seed cotton yields for double lines design were 5.76 and 6.41 Mg ha-1 which were 13 and 9% higher than for single line design in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Single lines could however lower the investment cost compared to double lines, which produced 10 and 7% more net income in 2009 and 2010, respectively. By contrast, the double lines was more profitable and suitable for the farmers in Northwest China than single line design.

关键词： drip irrigation lateral layout economic benefit water saving water use efficiency (WUE)

Band tillage with fertilizer application for unpuddled transplanting rice in northeast of China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第4期9卷 73-83页

作者： Khokan Kumer Sarker Xu Chunlin Wang Xiaoyan Li Minjin Li Lianhao Liu Guiming College of Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage Research Centre College of EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI) Gazipur 1701Bangladesh Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science Harbin 150070China Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002China Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Beijing100086China

Many technological innovations have been developed in agriculture for rice *** still rely on intensive soil tillage,broadcasting fertilizer,excess irrigation water and labor for rice *** cultivation under unpuddled condition in band-tillage(BT)is a new alternative rice cultivation system in the regions where rainfall,fresh water resources,fertilizers and labors are ***,the concept of inter-row BT(T-shaped)with row fertilizer application in soils for unpuddled transplanted rice cultivation(T1)was carried out at Fangzheng,Harbin in the northeast of *** improved system(T1)was compared with traditional practices(T2)in randomized complete block design with three replications.T2 was done with removal of crop residue,full tillage,broadcasting fertilizer and puddled soils by using the conventional *** results showed that all parameters were satisfied and met the requirements of agronomic *** variations of fertilizing stability and evenness were 1.84%and 1.72%,*** cone penetration resistance was less in T1 than T2 after *** water was saved by 26.3%in treatment T1 as compared with T2 for wet land preparation,and wet soil resistance depth had no significant *** depth was significantly different between the treatments which was affected by intensive tillage and puddling in T2 as compared with *** temperature was nearly similar,but comparatively 0.23°C(on average)higher than traditional system throughout the crop growing *** growth rate and grain yield increased by 8.5%and 5.3%,respectively in band till with fertilizer placed compared to conventional practices of puddled *** unit production cost(￥/kg of grain yield)was found lower by 12.3%in treatment T1 than *** output-input ratio was marginally greater in treatment T1;1.51)as compared to T2;1.32).Short-term findings suggest that inter-row BT system with row fertilizer application could

关键词： conservation agriculture tillage system unpuddled rice irrigation water saving economics