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P-wave and S-wave response of coal rock containing gas-water with different saturation: an experimental perspective

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第1期17卷 100-108页

作者： Dameng LIU Lijing LI Zheng ZHAO Wei CHEN Yidong CAI Yongkai QIU Yingfang ZHOU School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Coal Reservoir Laboratory of Natural Engineering Research Center of CBM Development&Utilization China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Beijing Furuibao Energy Technology Company Beijing 100176China School of Engineering King’s CollegeUniversity of AberdeenAB243UE AberdeenUK

The acoustic response of gas and/or water saturated coal rock is fundamental for establishing the correspondence between the physical properties of the coal reservoir and the characteristics of the well-logging response,which is the technology essential for the geophysical exploration of coalbed methane(CBM).This acoustic response depends on water(Sw)and gas(Sg)saturation among other *** this study,we performed acoustic tests on dry and different gas-water saturated coal samples with different degrees of metamorphism and deformation,collected from several coal mining areas in *** tests enabled us to analyze the influence of coal type and gas-water saturation on the acoustic response of CBM *** results show that the acoustic velocity of P-wave and S-wave(Vp and Vs,respectively),and the relative anisotropy of and Vs,increased with increasing vitrinite reflectance,density,Vp and *** increasing from 0 to 100%,the growth rate of the acoustic velocity decreased with increasing vitrinite *** Vp/Vs ratio of tectonic coal was generally higher than that of primary *** growth rate of the relative anisotropy in tectonic coal was markedly higher than that in primary coal.

关键词： coal rock gas-water water saturation acoustic velocity relative anisotropy

Estimation of water saturation by using radial based function artificial neural network in carbonate reservoir:A case study in Sarvak formation

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Petroleum 2016年第2期2卷 166-170页

作者： Hamid Heydari Gholanlo Masoud Amirpour Saeid Ahmadi Department of Petroleum Engineering Abadan Faculty of Petroleum EngineeringPetroleum University of TechnologyAbadanIran Department of Petroleum Engineering Tehran UniversityTehranIran

water saturation determination in core laboratory is known as a cost and time consuming ***,many scientists attempted to estimate accurately water saturation from well-logging data which has a continuous record without losing ***,various model were introduced to relate reservoir properties and water *** carbonate reservoir is very heterogeneous in shape and size of pore throat,the relation between water saturation and other carbonates reservoir properties is very complex,and causes considerable overall errors in water saturation *** increasing the usage and improvement of soft computing methods in engineering problems,petroleum engineers have been attended them to measure the petrophysical properties of the *** this study,a radial basis function neural network(RBFNN)improved by genetic algorithm has been employed to estimate formation water saturation by using conventional well-logging *** used logging and core data have been gathered from a carbonated formation from one of oilfield located in south-west Iran,and finally their results of the proposed model were compared with the core analysis *** checking the testing data from another well,it showed this method had a 0.027 for mean square errors and its correlation coefficient is equal to *** results implied on high accuracy of this model for oil saturation degree *** the common methods like Archie,had a 0.041 mean square error and 0.720 of the correlation coefficient,which indicate a high ability of RBF model than the other usual empirical methods.

关键词： water saturation Radial basis function neural network Genetic algorithm Archie model Carbonate reservoir

Fractal Analysis on Methane Hydrate Formation in Porous Media

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Journal of Electronic Research and Application 2024年第3期8卷 207-212页

作者： Xinfang Cao Peizhuo Mo Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300400China

The study of the hydrate formation process in porous media is of great significance for hydrate *** this work,the formation process of methane hydrate in porous media was monitored in situ by a low-field magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)*** formation characteristics of methane hydrate in porous media and the change of fractal dimension of pore space were studied through the change of residual water saturation and T2 relaxation time *** experimental results show that the hydrate formation process is divided into two stages:fast and *** the formation process,the water in the pores is continuously consumed and transformed into hydrate,and the overall T2 distribution gradually shifts to the *** the formation process of hydrate,the pore space becomes more complex,the change of fractal dimension from top to bottom of the reactor gradually increases,and the hydrate formation rate also gradually increases.

关键词： MRI experiment water saturation Fractal dimension

Influences of pore fluid on gas production from hydrate-bearing reservoir by depressurization

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 1238-1246页

作者： Yi-Fei Sun Bo-Jian Cao Hong-Nan Chen Yin-Long Liu Jin-Rong Zhong Liang-Liang Ren Guang-Jin Chen Chang-Yu Sun Dao-Yi Chen State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Division of Ocean Science and Technology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518055China School of Chemistry and Food Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangshaHunan 410114China Oilfield Chemicals R&D Institute COSLHebei 065201China

In addition to the temperature and pressure conditions,the pore fluid composition and migration behavior are also crucial to control hydrate decomposition in the exploitation *** this work,to investigate the effects of these factors,a series of depressurization experiments were carried out in a visible one-dimensional reactor,using hydrate reservoir samples with water saturations ranging from 20%to 65%.The results showed a linear relationship between gas production rates and gas saturations of the reservoir,suggesting that a larger gas-phase space was conducive to hydrate decomposition and gas ***,the rapid water production in the early stage of hydrate exploitation could release more gas-phase space in the water-rich reservoir,which in turn improved the gas production ***,the spatiotemporal evolution of pore fluids could lead to partial accelerated decomposition or secondary formation of *** the unsealed reservoir,the peripheral water infiltration kept reservoir at a high water saturation,which hindered the overall production process and caused higher water ***,depressurization assisted with the N2 sweep could displace the pore water *** to the results,it is recommended that using the short-term N2 sweep as an auxiliary means in the early stage of depressurization to expand the gas-phase space in order to achieve the highest production efficiency.

关键词： CH4 hydrate water saturation Depressurization Gas-phase space N2 sweep

An integral method for calculation of capillary pressure based on centrifuge data of tight sandstone

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 91-99页

作者： Wei Xu Hang Huang Shi-Zhen Ke Jin-Peng Li Hai-Feng Zhang Yu-Bo Hu Key Laboratory of Exploration Technology for Oil and Gas Resources of Ministry of Education Yangtze UniversityWuhanHubei 430100China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong 266580China

The traditional Hassler-Brunner(HB)interpretation method of centrifuge capillary pressure is widely used in materials,soil,biotechnology,and especially in the petroleum ***,the assumptions of the traditional method cannot be simultaneously satisfied,the traditional method has been known to lead significant errors in some *** this paper,a new double integral method is proposed to evaluate the centrifuge capillary pressure of long tight sandstone *** the changes of capillary length and interface of wetting phase and non-wetting phase fluids are considered by the new integral method,thus the average pressure and saturation derived from the proposed double integral method is more sufficient in theoretic foundation and clearer on physical *** comparing with the measured capillary pressure of long tight sandstone core samples from porous plate,the capillary pressure calculated from traditional HB method is obviously smaller than the measured value,and the discrepancy increases with the decreasing core ***,the average capillary pressure obtained by the proposed double integral method is remarkably consistent with the measured *** findings of this study can help for better understanding of distribution of wetting phase fluid and average centrifuge capillary pressure in the core during centrifugal process.

关键词： Centrifuge method Capillary pressure Tight sandstone NMR water saturation

Shale porosity measurement by the saturated oil method: Removing the contribution from oils dissolved in kerogen

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Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3273-3279页

作者： Jin-Bu Li Min Wang Hao-Ming Shao Ming Li Liang Liu Shuang-Fang Lu National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology Xi'an 710000ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources(China University of Geosciences) Ministry of EducationWuhan 430074HubeiChina Sanya Offshore Oil&Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversitySanya 572025HainanChina

Shale porosity measurements have crucial scientific and economical applications in unconventionalpetroleum systems. As a standard technique, liquid saturation methods, including water saturation (WS)and oil saturation (OS), have been widely used to measure the porosity of many rock types. For clay-richshale reservoirs with high organic matter content, it is well known that the WS method may cause clayswelling and induce structural changes in the pore system. The OS method affects the accuracy ofporosity measurements because of some of the oil being dissolved by kerogen within the shale;however,this has not received sufficient research attention. In this study, we compare the previously reported andnewly tested OS porosities with helium (He) expansion porosity. Results show that OS porosity generallyexceeds the He porosity. Furthermore, the higher the total organic carbon (TOC) content and lower thematurity of shale, the greater the difference between the OS and helium porosities. When using the OSmethod, the effect of kerogen-dissolved oil causes an overestimation of the shale porosity by ~30%. To thebest of our knowledge, this is the first time to note the kerogen-dissolve oil effects on OS porosity. Herein,we propose a new, simple, and effective correction method for estimating OS porosity that involvessubtracting the kerogen-dissolved oil content from raw OS porosity. In addition, the quantification modelof kerogen-dissolved oil capacity is established, taking into account the abundance and maturity oforganic matter. Taking the He porosity as the benchmark, the absolute error of the corrected OS porositydoes not exceed 1% and the average relative error is only ~10%. The obtained results can help improve theaccuracy of shale porosity evaluation methods.

关键词： Shale Porosity Oil saturation Kerogen-dissolved oil water saturation

Impacts of anisotropy coefficient and porosity on the thermal conductivity and P-wave velocity of calcarenites used as building materials of historical monuments in Morocco

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第7期15卷 1687-1699页

作者： Abdelaali Rahmouni Abderrahim Boulanouar Younes El Rhaffari Mohammed Hraita Aziz Zaroual Yves Géraud Jamal Sebbani Abdellah Rezzouk Bassem S.Nabawy Laboratory of Solid State Physics Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science Dhar El MahrazSidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityFezMorocco Laboratory of Applied Sciences National School of Applied SciencesAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityAl HoceimaMorocco Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment Higher School of Technology of SaléMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco Department of Physics Higher Normal SchoolMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco Laboratory of Materials Nanotechnologies and EnvironmentFaculty of ScienceMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco University of Lorraine ENSGUMR 7359-GeoRessourcesNancyFrance Mechanics and Materials Team Faculty of ScienceMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco Geophysical Sciences Department National Research CentreCairoEgypt

It is essential to study the porosity,thermal conductivity,and P-wave velocity of calcarenites,as well as the anisotropy coefficients of the thermal conductivity and P-wave velocity,for civil engineering,and conservation and restoration of historical *** study focuses on measuring the thermal conductivity using the thermal conductivity scanning(TCS)technique and measuring the P-wave ve-locity using portable *** was applied for some dry and saturated calcarenite samples in the horizontal and vertical directions(parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane,respectively).The calcarenites were selected from some historical monuments in *** physical properties were measured in the laboratory to find a reliable relationship between all of these *** a result of the statistical analysis of the obtained data,excellent linear relationships were observed between the porosity and both the thermal conductivity and *** relationships are characterized by relatively high coefficients of determination for the horizontal and vertical *** on the thermal conductivity and P-wave velocity values in these two directions,the anisotropy coefficients of these two properties were *** internal structure and the pore fabric of the calcarenite samples were delineated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),while their chemical and mineral compositions were studied using the energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)techniques.

关键词： Moroccan historical monuments Calcarenite Thermal conductivity P-wave velocity Porosity Anisotropy coefficient water saturation

Spontaneous imbibition characteristics of shale oil reservoir under the influence of osmosis

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第5期9卷 48-58页

作者： Yuliang Su Qinghao Sun Wendong Wang Xincheng Guo Jilong Xu Guanqun Li Xiugang Pu Wenzhong Han Zhannan Shi Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas Development China University of Petroleum(East China)Ministry of EducationQingdao 266580China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company Tianjin 300280China

The spontaneous imbibition(SI)process in shale oil reservoirs is not only infuenced by capillary force,but also by the osmotic pressure between the fracturing fuid and formation water in the nanopores *** this study,experimental methods are used to investigate the mechanisms of osmosis in the SI,taking into account the presence of initial formation water in shale oil *** investigate the efect of osmosis,SI experiments were performed on the fne-grained felsic shale of the Qikou sag of Dagang ***-feld NMR testers and high-precision electronic balances are utilized for the measuring of oil–water *** results show that,when Sw≠0,high-salinity fuid SI can be divided into four stages:initial imbibition stage,drainage stage,secondary imbibition stage and stationary stage;when Sw=0,there is no drainage stage of high-salinity fuid SI;when Sw≠0 or Sw=0,low-salinity fuid SI can be called the“osmosis-enhanced SI”;and we have found that“newly formed pores or microfractures”as well as reducing salinity can promote *** article presents a systematic study of SI of shale oil reservoirs under the infuence of osmosis,which provide useful information for reservoir numerical simulation and development program design.

关键词： Shale oil Spontaneous imbibition Osmosis water saturation Capillarity

A Novel Energy Lifting Approach Using J-Function and Flow Zone Indicator for Oil Fields

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Energy Engineering 2022年第1期119卷 253-273页

作者： M.N.Tarhuni W.R.Sulaiman M.Z.Jaafar K.M.Sabil School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudaiJohor81310Malaysia School of Energy GeoscienceInfrastructure and SocietyHeriot-Watt University MalaysiaWilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya62200Malaysia

The X field is located in the southwestern part of block NX89 of Kentan Basin in *** field is produced from Hailan multilayer consolidated sandstone with moderate rock property and a relatively low energy *** reserve of subsurface energy sources is declining with ***,techniques were combined to achieve the energy optimization and increase hydrocarbon *** order to understand the subsurface formation of the reservoir and facilitate oil production,global hydraulic element technique was used to quantify the reservoir rock *** addition,stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot was used for reservoir *** heterogeneity was identified using stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot and Dykstra-Parsons *** J-functionwas used to average the 13 capillary pressure curves into four main curves to represent the whole reservoir based on flow zone indicator *** pressure was calculated and plotted with normalized water saturation;a single average curve was defined to represent the rest of the *** saturation was calculated using single and multiple J-functions and compared with the available *** multiple J-functions,the matching results were good for both high and low-quality layers,whereas using a single J-function,the match was poor,especially for low FZI layers such as H4c and *** rock types were identified for this reservoir ranging from medium to good reservoir quality and six different layers were *** reservoir was heterogeneous with a Lorenz coefficient value of approximately 0.72 and a Dykstra-Parsons value of *** approaches used in this paper were validated and showed improved hydrocarbon recovery factor.

关键词： Energy lifting special core analysis flow zone indicator reservoir heterogeneity water saturation Leverett J-function