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第19届国际灌排大会

作者： Shahbaz Khan Tariq Rana CSIRO Land and water and Charles Sturt University CSIRO Land and water and Charles Sturt University

＜正＞Improving water use efficiency is crucial to both Australia and China. In the case of China, development in the last half century has resulted in the irrigated area growing from 16.0 Mha to 55.9 Mha which accounts for 42.4% of the farmland. The total water use for irrigation in China gradually increased from approximately 100 BCM in 1949 to 358 BCM in 1980, after which, it has since stabilised. However, competition for water from other sectors is increasing. For example, industrial and municipal water use has increased rapidly and reduced the proportion used in irrigation to 92, 80 and 60% in 1949, 1980 and 2003 respectively. This situation demands major improvement in water use efficiency for irrigated agriculture if current production levels are to be enhanced or maintained. Irrigated agriculture makes up 70% of Australia’s consumptive water use. With the water resources in irrigation areas being close to fully allocated, or even over-allocated in some catchments, there is an increased competition for water. It is generally accepted that there will be less water available for irrigated agriculture in the future and the only way to provide enough water for irrigation will be to use the available resource more efficiently at both farm and catchment scales. In both China and Australia, it is hardly possible to withdraw more water from existing resources;the present irrigation practices and future irrigation developments should focus on improvement of water use efficiency in all sectors at all scales. However, savings from one part of the system may lead to higher water use in another part of the system and the overall improvement may be negligible. Some measures that may improve the water productivity in agriculture are canal lining, irrigation scheduling, high-tech irrigation technologies, improved cropping patterns and conversion to crops with higher economic returns. The key to achieving "real" and substantial water savings lies in the assessment and hydrologic

关键词： Systems approaches water use efficiency real water savings Australia China.

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Response of tomato growth to continuous elevated CO_(2)concentration 2 under controlled environment

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第6期15卷 51-59页

作者： Muhammad Akhlaq Chuan Zhang Haofang Yan Mingxiong Ou Wencheng Zhang Shaowei Liang Rana Muhammad Adnan Ikram School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology PMAS-Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research InstituteNanjing 210029China College of Economics and Statistics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

CO_(2)fumigation has been extensively used in greenhouses cultivation to enhance crop *** effects under the precise level of elevated CO_(2)(e[CO_(2)])on crop morphology,yield,and fruit quality remain largely elusive *** explore the response of plant growth to the continuous RCPs(Representative Concentration Pathways)projected CO_(2)concentration[CO_(2)],tomato(Hezuo 908)plants were grown under ambient CO_(2)(a[CO_(2)],462μmol/mol)and e[CO_(2)](550,700,850 and 1000μmol/mol):named as EC550,EC_(700),EC_(850),and EC_(1000),respectively,under uniform environmental condition for two planting *** growth of tomato plants(plant height,stem diameter,and leaf area index)was significantly enhanced under EC_(700)and showed a slightly negative response under EC_(850).The optimum yield was stimulated under EC_(700)by 74.05%and 55.91%,while maximum total dry weight(DW_(t))was enhanced under EC_(1000)by 58.23%and 39.78%during autumn-winter and spring-summer planting seasons,respectively,as compared to a[CO_(2)].The greatest yield and least DWt stimulated under EC_(700)for both seasons indicated that EC_(700)improved the ability of the tomato plants to translocate carbohydrates to *** water use efficiency related to yield(WUE_(y))was enhanced by 55.91-210.87%under EC_(700)compared to a[CO_(2)].The titratable acid(TA)was improved by 19.94%(EC_(700)),29.17%(EC_(850)),and 97.92%(EC_(1000)),and the lycopene(Lp)was increased by 2.22%(EC_(700))and reduced by 2.28%(EC_(1000)).Thus,the overall optimum impact on tomato growth was explored under EC_(700).Super e[CO_(2)]did not positively influence the tomato growth process and yield under adequate water and fertilizer *** present study results are beneficial for greenhouse crop production and might be used as a reference to validate the climate change influence modeling.

关键词： elevated CO_(2) tomato plant yield water use efficiency fruit quality

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拔节期模拟酸雨对春小麦叶片光合特性的影响(英文)

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2010年第3期1卷 64-69,78页

作者：姚桃峰王润元王鹤龄赵鸿中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室甘肃兰州730020 兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院甘肃兰州730070

In order to investigate the effect of acid rain on photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat,spring wheat at the jointing stage was sprayed with simulated acid rain at different pH levels of 1.5,2.5,3.5,4.5 and 5.6,and then,the photosynthetic parameters of spring wheat leaf was *** results indicated that the pH value of simulated acid rain was positively and very significantly correlated with the net photosynthetic rate,stomata conductance,transpiration rate,water use efficiency and the chlorophyll relative content,whereas very significantly and negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 *** to acid rain,the net photosynthetic rate,stomata conductance,transpiration rate and the chlorophyll relative content decreased by 4.08%-67.04%,17.44%-58.44%,12.08%-48.08% and 12.16%-37.23% respectively,while intercellular CO2 concentration increased by 9.01%-14.29%.After simulated treatment with acid rain,the net photosynthetic rate had high significant positive correlation with stomata conductance,transpiration rate,water use efficiency,and the chlorophyll relative content,but high significant negative correlation with intercellular CO2 *** the same time,transpiration rate was observed to be very significantly and positively correlated to stomata conductance and chlorophyll relative content,being significantly and positively correlated with water use efficiency,and very significantly and negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 *** a word,the influence of simulated acid rain on photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat leaf became more and more obvious with the increase of hydrogen ion concentration.

关键词： Simulated acid rain Spring wheat water use efficiency Photosynthetic characteristics China

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