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Investigation on Co-Combustion Kinetics of Anthracite and waste plastics by Thermogravimetric Analysis

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第10期19卷 30-35页

作者： LIU Zheng-jian, REN Shan, ZHANG Jian-liang, LIU Wei-jian, XING Xiang-dong, SU Bu-xin (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

In order to effectively recycle resource for the benefit of the global environment, the utilization of waste plastics as auxiliary injectant for blast furnaces is becoming increasingly important. Combustion kinetics of plastics-coal blends with 0, 10%, 20% and 40% waste plastics (WP) are investigated separately by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) from ambient temperature to 900 ℃ in air atmosphere. These blends are combusted at the heating rates of 5, 10 and 20 ℃/min. The results indicate that, with the increase of waste plastics content, the combustion processes of blends could be divided into one stage, two stages and three stages. The waste plastics content and heating rates have important effects on the main combustion processes of blends. With the increase of waste plastics content, the ignition temperature and the final combustion temperature of blends tend to decrease, while the combustion reaction becomes fiercer. With the increase of the heating rate, the ignition temperature, the mass loss rate of the peaks and the final combustion temperature of blends combustion tend to increase. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) iso-conversional method is used for the kinetic analysis of the main combustion process. The results indicate that, when the waste plastics content varied from 0 to 40%, the values of activation energy increase from 126.05 to 184.12 kJ /mol.

关键词： waste plastics anthracite co-combustion kinetics TGA iso-conversional method

Co-processing Vacuum Residue with waste plastics in a Delayed Coking Process:Kinetics and Modeling

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2012年第3期14卷 44-49页

作者： Mominou Nchare Shen Benxian Solomon G.Anagho School of Geology Mining and Minerals Processing(E.G.E.M de Meiganga)University of NgaoundereP.O.Box 454 NgaoundereRepublic of Cameroon Petroleum Processing Research Center East China University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangDschangRepublic of Cameroon

Thermal upgrading of vacuum residue mixed with waste plastics was studied in a laboratory scale delayed coking *** model of feed thermal decomposition was set up and the first order reaction kinetics was used to predict products distribution during the coking *** distillate yield was higher(70%) for the vacuum residue/polystyrene(VR/PS) feed system and the vacuum residue/low density polyethylene(VR/LDPE) feed *** resulted distillate yield was separated into fractions according to their boiling points,with gasoline and diesel being our fractions of *** activation energy was higher for gasoline production(around 60 kcal/mol) varying with the type of feed system,while it was 33 kcal/mol for diesel *** regression coefficient R was 0.990.

关键词： delayed coking waste plastics vacuum residue kinetics

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste plastics for their resource reuse:A technical review

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2023年第3期6卷 215-228页

作者： Xuan Hu Dachao Ma Guangyi Zhang Mengxue Ling Qiaoling Hu Kangyi Liang Jiacheng Lu Yifan Zheng School of Resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Rapidly increasing plastics have been used and finally become wastes,resulting in increasing pressures to the ***-assisted pyrolysis is a promising technology for converting organic wastes as waste plastics into value-added *** present,many works on microwave-assisted pyrolysis of plastics have been published,but the achievements,challenges,and future directions of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste plastics have not been well summarized and *** this work,the principle of microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology is ***,the progress of its application to recover useful products from plastics is reviewed and discussed in terms of key parameters including microwave power,pyrolysis temperature,reaction time,types of catalyst,microwave absorbents and feedstock mixing ***,the yields and properties of the produced oil,gas and char are correlated with the process ***,the existing challenges and prospects of disposal/reuse of waste plastics by microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology are discussed.

关键词： Review waste plastics Microwave-assisted pyrolysis Challenges

Disposal of waste plastics With Traditional Coking Process

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2006年第1期13卷 5-9页

作者： CAI Jiu-ju YU Guang-wei LIAO Hon-qiang QIAN Kai ZHAO Pen HE Ya-bin State Key Laboratory of Bioindustry Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 Liaoning China Shougang Technical Research Institute Shougang Group Beijing 100041 China

A new technology for treating waste plastics （WP） by traditional coking process was introduced. With a thermo-balance and a 10 g atmospheric fixed bed reactor, the thermo-gravimetric behavior and product were studied during co-coking of WP with blended coal. And then, using a coke-oven with capacity of 200 kg, the characteristics of products were assessed. The results showed that there is an overlapping temperature range （200-550℃ ） of decomposition between WP and blended coal, and the pyrolysis synergism index η and synergism strength β proposed could evaluate the synergism between them. 1% of added WP results in the maximum synergism in all series experiments. The increase of added WP decreases the synergism. Tar yield in co-coking is increased with the decrease of water yield for synergism. Moreover, it was also found that the quality indexes of coke, such as M10, M40, CRI and CSR, are degraded with the increase of WP until 4%, though the quality of tar and gas is optimized for WP addition.

关键词： waste plastics coal coking

Wax from Pyrolysis of waste plastics as a Potential Source of Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2023年第3期29卷 225-234页

作者： Pin Jin Ong Zhi Xiong Jerry Heng Zhenxiang Xing Hnin Yu Yu Ko Pei Wang Hongfei Liu Rong Ji Xizu Wang Beng Hoon Tan Zibiao Li Jian Wei Xu Xian Jun Loh Enyi Ye Qiang Zhu Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis WayInnovis#08-03Singapore 138634Singapore Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and EnvironmentA*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)1 Pesek RoadJurong IslandSingapore 627833Singapore Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore 117543Singapore Department of Material Science and Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1#03-09 EASingapore 117575Singapore School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore 637371Singapore

Over the past half-century, plastic consumption has grown rapidly due to its versatility, low cost, and unrivaled functional properties. Among the diff erent implemented strategies for recycling waste plastics, pyrolysis is deemed the most economical option. Currently, the wax obtained from the pyrolysis of waste plastics is mainly used as a feedstock to manufacture chemicals and fuels or added to asphalt for pavement construction, with no other applications of wax being reported. Herein, the thermal pyrolysis of three common waste polyolefin plastics: high-density polyethylene(HDPE), low-density polyethylene(LDPE), and polypropylene(PP), was conducted at 450 ℃. The waste plastics-derived waxes were characterized and studied for a potential new application: phase change materials(PCMs) for thermal energy storage(TES). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that paraffin makes up most of the composition of HDPE and LDPE waxes, whereas PP wax contains a mixture of naphthene, isoparaffin, olefin, and paraffin. Diff erential scanning calorimetry(DSC) analysis indicated that HDPE and LDPE waxes have a peak melting temperature of 33.8 ℃ and 40.3 ℃, with a relatively high latent heat of 103.2 J/g and 88.3 J/g, respectively, whereas the PP wax was found to have almost negligible latent heat. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and DSC results revealed good chemical and thermal stability of HDPE and LDPE waxes after 100 cycles of thermal cycling. Performance evaluation of the waxes was also conducted using a thermal storage pad to understand their thermoregulation characteristics for TES applications.

关键词： Pyrolysis waste plastics Recycling Wax Phase change materials

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis Plants for the Conversion of Heterogeneous waste plastics to Liquid Fuels in Nigeria

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2022年第7期10卷 56-69页

作者： Emmanuel Okon Osung Sunday Boladale Alabi Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Uyo Uyo Akwa Ibom State Nigeria

Techno-economic potentials of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis plants for the conversion of waste plastics to liquid fuels have been widely studied, but it is not obvious which of the two plants is more profitable, as the existing studies used different assumptions and cost bases in their analyses, thereby making it difficult to compare the economic potentials of the two plants. In this study, industrial-scale thermal and catalytic waste plastics pyrolysis plants were designed and economically analyzed using ASPEN PLUS. Amorphous silica-alumina was considered the optimum catalyst, with 3:1 feed to catalyst ratio. Based on 20,000 tons/year of feed and 20% interest rate, the catalytic plant, having a net present value (NPV) of � million, was found to be economically less attractive than the thermal plant, having the NPV of �.4 million. On the contrary, sensitivity analyses of the two plants at a feed rate of 50,000 tons/year gave rise to a slightly higher NPV for the catalytic plant (� million) than the thermal plant having NPV of � million, thereby making the former more economically attractive for processing large amounts of waste plastics into liquid fuels. Consequently, as the catalytic plant showed a better scale economy and would produce higher quality liquid fuels than the thermal plant, it is recommended for commercialization in Nigeria.

关键词： waste plastics Heterogeneous Liquid Fuels Thermal Pyrolysis Catalytic Pyrolysis

New Renewable Source of Energy from Municipal Solid waste plastics

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第3期5卷 309-315页

作者： M. Sarker M.M. Rashid M. Molla Department of Research ＆ Development Natural State Research Inc. Stamford CT 06902 USA

The use of renewable energy is not new. More than 150 years ago, wood, which is one form of biomass, supplied up to 90 percent of our energy needs. Today, we are looking again at renewable resources to find new ways to use them to help meet our energy needs. Overall consumption from renewable sources in the United States totaled 6.8 quads BTU （quadrillion Btu） in 2007 or about 7 percent of all energy used nationally. Consumption from renewable sources was at its highest point in 1997, at about 7.2 quads. Over half of renewable energy goes to producing electricity. Renewable energy plays an important role in the supply of energy. Even with the current fluctuating prices for fuel, U.S. residents and businesses pay a significant price for their utilities. Emissions from the evaporation and combustion of these traditional fossil fuels contributing to a range of environmental and health problems, causing poor air quality, and emitting greenhouse gases caused global warming. The method of producing alternative energy from municipal solid waste plastic is considered an effective way to meet the demand of energy need and save the environment at the same time.

关键词： Renewable energy alternative energy waste plastics environment global warming emissions liquid fuel.

Power Generation from Municipal Solid waste plastics

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2011年第6期5卷 489-494页

作者： M. Sarker M.M. Rashid M. Molla Department of Research ＆ Development Natural State Research Inc. Stamford CT 06902 USA

Generation of electrical energy from imported fossil fuels is subject to the price fluctuations of the global marketplace and, thus, constitutes a major expense in its distribution to the end users. Even with the current low prices of fuel, residents and businesses in the United States pay a significant price for their utilities, if not higher than most other countries in the world. Emissions from the evaporation and combustion of these traditional fossil fuels contribute to a range of environmental and health problems, causing poor air quality, and emitting greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Alternative fuel created from domestic sources has been proposed as a solution to these problems and much alternative energy are being developed based on solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, fuel cell, geothermal, etc. A new alternative hydrocarbon fuel which is produced from waste plastics can be used with compatble power plants and generators appliances to produce electricity that can be supplied into homes, businesses, power grids and other sectors.

关键词： Power generation electricity waste plastics hydrocarbon fuel altemative energy.

Municipal waste plastics Conversion into Aviation Fuel

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2011年第7期5卷 620-626页

作者： M. Sarker M.M. Rashid M. Molla Department of Research ＆ Development Natural State Research Inc. StamJord CT 06902 USA

Aviation fuel is in great demand globally. The increased demand and high price for energy sources are driving efforts to convert natural non-renewable organic compounds into useful hydrocarbon fuel materials such as in form of aviation fuel. Alternate sources to these non-renewable hydrocarbon fuels are important and necessary. Much of these alternative sources are focused on biomass however, there are strong benefits of deriving fuels from waste plastic materials. Thermal processes can be used to convert waste plastics into hydrocarbon fuels like aviation fuel, which have unlimited applications in airline industries, as well as in transportation and power generation industries. These thermal processes are used to break down the long carbon chains found in plastics into the shorter chains in a temperature range from 300-450 ℃. This method has been carried out in succession in previous experiments. This simple and economically viable process has been developed to convert the hydrocarbon polymers of waste plastics into the short and medium chain hydrocarbons of liquid fuels. Based on the initial characterization, a fractionated portion of the developed fuel shows properties similar to some of the commercially available aviation fuels.

关键词： waste plastics aviation fuel fractional fuel alternative fuel thermal degradation fractional distillation.