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generation, Characterization and Management Practices of Household Solid wastes in Cowfield, Paynesville City, Liberia

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第4期9卷 113-127页

作者： Fallah Nyumah Joseph F. Charles Isaac A. Bamgboye Ademola K. Aremu James S. Eisah Environmental Management Pan African University Institute of Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI) University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Environmental Science William VS Tubman University Harper Liberia Department of Interdisciplinary Research Honors College of Research and Gender Studies University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia Environmental Engineering Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria School of Environmental Science and Climate Change University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

The success of any waste management system requires accurate and up-to-date data on quantity, composition of waste. waste generation data from household are needed to address issues relating to municipal solid wastes ... 详细信息

The success of any waste management system requires accurate and up-to-date data on quantity, composition of waste. Waste generation data from household are needed to address issues relating to municipal solid wastes such as management method, performance improvement, policy, regional and local planning, administrative, cost accounting, design and operation of landfill facilities and environmental quality. This study was conducted to provide empirical data on generation rates, quantity and composition, management practices, challenges and strategies from urban household. Waste collection, weighing, questionnaires survey and field observation were methods used during the study. Waste was collected and weighed from 60 households using multi-stage sampling technique for seven days. Questionnaires were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and Excel. A total of 1125.2 kg of waste was recorded. The average household waste generation was 3 kg per day with per capita generation rate of 0.41 kg/cap/day. The compositional analysis showed that Organic (53%), Plastic (11%), Textile (6%), Metal (2%), Glass (1%), Paper and Cardboard 4% and others (22%). Solid waste management practices are very rudimentary. Burning (53.7%) and Open Dumping (30%) were found to be the most commonly used method of disposal with very limited collection service (33.3%) and segregation. The most challenges faced by households were communal disposal area (66.7%) and waste service providers (21.7%) storage bins (11.6%). waste to energy (48.3%) and compositing (23.3%) were the most considered option for waste management by the respondents.

关键词： waste generation Composition Household Municipal Solid waste Management

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Analysis of Health Workers’ Perceptions on Medical waste Management in Tanzanian Hospitals

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第7期8卷 445-459页

作者： Ignasio S. Kagonji Samwel V. Manyele Department of Chemical and Mining Engineering University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

This paper presents the perceptions of health workers (HWs) on medical waste management (MWM) issues in Tanzanian hospitals. The perceived total waste generation rates were lower than the actual measurements. Administrators perceived lower rates than implementers. The results indicated three categories of medical waste which are given due attention, that is, sharps waste, pathological and infectious waste. Other wastes like radioactive, chemical, pharmaceutical, pressurized containers receive very little attention. Container colour coding and labelling was negligible, while improvised containers are still in use. Medical waste is transported within hospitals manually, with little efforts on mechanized transportation. Poor waste storage was observed, while the prominent medical waste treatment technologies are medium temperature incinerators. Off-site transportation of medical waste is practiced, where the waste is finally dumped or buried. The hospitals are currently utilizing public-private partnership schemes for MWM in only one aspect of off-site transportation. Three main problems which require high attention include: Weaknesses in hospital management, poor MWM infrastructure, and lack of skills and knowledge on MWM among HWs. Knowledge and awareness among HWs on health hazards associated with poor MWM is low (with exception of cholera, HIV and typhoid). Few PPE types are supplied and used in the hospitals, leading to poor diseases prevention. There is also low knowledge among HWs on administrative issues related to MWM in Tanzanian hospitals.

关键词： Medical waste Management Health Workers’ Perceptions waste generation waste Segregation waste Transportation waste Treatment and Disposal

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Lagos State Hospital waste Management Practices: A Descriptive Overview with Stakeholders’ Role and Key Recommendations

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第2期14卷 108-125页

作者： Maxwell Obubu Nkata Chuku Alozie Ananaba Firdausi Umar Sadiq Sadiq Emmanuel Sambo Oluwatosin Kolade Tolulope Oyekanmi Kehinde Olaosebikan Oluwafemi Serrano Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL) Abuja Nigeria Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Abuja Nigeria Head of Operations Lagos State Health Management Agency (LASHMA) Lagos State Nigeria

Background: waste generation and its disposal is an essential issue in the sustainability of the environment and the planet’s future. waste management is essential across sectors, likewise the health sector. Therefore, there is a need to employ extra care and attention to handling waste generated from healthcare facilities to avoid the dangers of poor biomedical waste management. We carried out this study to examine the waste management practice in healthcare facilities in Lagos State. Methods: The study was a descriptive survey carried out in one-thousand two hundred and fifty-six (1256) healthcare facilities in Lagos State. Nine hundred sixty-nine (969) of these facilities are located in urban areas, while two hundred and eighty-seven (287) are rural. The facilities studied are government/public health facilities (15.45%), private-for-profit facilities (82.88%), NGOs, Mission/Faith-Based medical facilities (1.67%). The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Specifically, we utilized bar charts, frequency, and percentage. Result: The result shows that 98.4% (1236) of the studied facilities are registered with the Lagos State waste Management Authority (LAWMA), while 1.6% (20) are not registered. 98.5% (191) of the 194 government-owned facilities, 98.5% (1025) of the 1041 private-for-profit facilities, and 98.2% (20) of the 21 NGOs/faith-based health facilities are registered with Lagos State waste Management Authority. The result also shows that 94% of the healthcare facilities studied in Lagos State use color-coded waste bags to segregate waste at the point of origin. 58.7% of the facilities use red-colored bags, 33.3% use yellow-colored bags, 10.7% use black-colored bags, and 1.3% use brown biohazard bags for segregating Infectious waste. Also, 34.2% of the health facilities in Lagos state use red-colored bags, 36.9% use yellow-colored bags, 11% use black-colored bags, and 4.1% use brown-colored bags to segregate their hazardous waste. Conclus

关键词： waste generation Hospital waste Management Stakeholder Roles Healthcare Facilities Lagos State Lagos waste Management Authority

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Current Situation Analysis and Suggestions for Solid waste Management Practices among Households in Freetown

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 95-109页

作者： Patrick Fayia Kanty Mohamed Yateh Yongji Zhang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China

Freetown which is the capital city of Sierra Leone is facing challenges with population growth, urbanization, and industrialization, leading to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. The study aims to evaluate MSW generation, composition, and disposal methods, as well as the impact of collection fees, policy implementation, and women’s participation in municipal solid waste management (MSWM). The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. The study administered 393 structured questionnaires in three selected sections to collect data on variables such as family size, education, level of knowledge, etc. The study used door-to-door data collection to determine the rate of solid waste generation, composition, and disposal in 66 households from two of the selected sections and 34 households from the other section to evaluate the current situation of MSWM practices among households in Freetown. The study used a descriptive statistic to analyze the data collected using Origin-Pro9 and MS Excel software. The findings showed that with a 4.2% urban growth rate, Freetown had a population of 1,467,543 in 2023, generating 851 tons of MSW per day, with organic waste accounting for 78% of the total MSW generated. Plastic waste generation also increased from 7.6% in 2020 to 13% in 2023. The study emphasizes the need to sustain the MSWM system by prioritizing solid waste collection fees, policy enforcement, and women’s participation in the MSWM sector. It further suggests and provides recommendations for developing an efficient and sustainable MSWM system in Sierra Leone, including knowledge transfer from countries like China and the US.

关键词： Freetown Municipal Solid waste Management waste Composition waste Disposal waste generation

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Re-Use of Hospital Plastic waste in Asphalt Mixes as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2016年第3期6卷 381-387页

作者： Syed Shahan Ali Shah Rawid Khan Iqra National University Peshawar Pakistan National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar Pakistan

About 1.3 billion tons of waste is being generated in the world annually. This waste is a cause of various diseases. Open dumping of waste also destroys valuable agricultural land. Various researchers have beneficially used plastic waste in cement concrete and asphalt concrete in the past. This study aims at the use of aggregates, made from different types of plastic waste, as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in asphalt mixes. For this purpose waste is collected from different hospitals of the city. Sorted plastic from the waste consists of 64% low density polyethene, 32% high density polyethene and 4% of polypropylene. Plastic waste is shredded, heated and after cooling, pulverizes manually and mechanically. Specific gravity of plastic aggregates is 0.96. Water absorption and soundness values are 4.68% and 7.68% respectively. Impact, crushing and Loss Angeles values of plastic aggregates are 0.7%, 0.5%, and 1.1% respectively. Replacement of natural aggregates by plastic aggregates in asphalt mixes is done up to 25% with 5% incremental increase. Density of asphalt mixes decreases to 2060 kg/m3. Consequently flow increases to 5.73 mm. Maximum stability is at 20% replacement i.e. 34.57 KN. Cost analysis of the study indicates that 205% increase in stability are observed with 219% increase in cost.

关键词： Hospital waste (HW) Plastic waste waste generation Asphalt Stability Plastic Aggregates

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