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Appropriate solid waste management system in Quelimane (Mozambique):study and design of a small-scale center for plastic sorting with wastewater treatment

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waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2022年第1期4卷 49-62页

作者： Francesca Villa Giovanni Vinti Mentore Vaccari Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering(DICA) Politecnico di MilanoVia Golgi 3920133 MilanItaly Laboratory Centre on Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Management in Resource-Limited Countries(CeTAmb LAB) University of BresciaVia BranzeBresciaItaly

Appropriate solid waste management(SWM)strategies are necessary to avoid severe environmental and sanitary impacts,especially in low-income *** strategies are most likely to succeed whether implementing actors are supported by scientific *** this paper,the results of a collaboration between local authorities and researchers are presented and discussed that are the assessment of waste generation in the city of Quelimane(Mozambique),integrating existing and field-collected data and the design of a small-scale center for plastic sorting to complement the SWM system of the *** center is expected to receive about 0.3-0.4 t/day of plastic waste(5%-7%of the overall amount of plastic waste daily produced in Quelimane).As long-term sustainability represents a typical issue,simplicity of operation was a leading principle in the design of the center;moreover,the design included a treatment plant(WWTP)for generated wastewater,whose management is usually neglected in such *** others,natural wastewater treatment(constructed wetlands)has been chosen for its ***,the so-conceived WWTP appears as a novelty in the scientific literature associated with small-scale plastic sorting *** system is designed to treat an average flow of 6 m3/day and consisted of a septic tank followed by a subsurface flow constructed ***,the COD(chemical oxygen demand)and TSS(total suspended solids)removal higher than 80%and 90%were estimated,*** on this work,both the center and the WWTP were successfully realized,which are waiting to become *** the authors’opinion,the implemented procedure could become a reference for broader investigations and surveys.

关键词： Low-income countries wastewater treatment Plastic recycling Informal sector waste collection

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Developing Communal Recycling Programs to Empower Reclaimers in Developing Cities Such as Tshwane

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2015年第8期9卷 951-960页

作者： Jacques Snyman Department of Civil Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria 32144 South Africa

Excessive MSW （municipal solid waste） production is a growing management problem for cities in developing countries, such as South Africa. A major problem in the city of Tshwane is that all the MSW generated in the city is currently being landfilled with very little recycling initiatives. Selective waste collection and sorting waste fractions out of the waste stream have become a popular survival strategy for the economically excluded population in Tshwane. Reclaimers （waste pickers） work under severe and chronic occupational health and injury risk on landfill sites. The middlemen who purchase their recovered materials exploit and marginalize them. Environmental and social awareness is however a growing issue in South Africa. The study was conducted with the aim of investigating and proposing community recycling programs and technologies to be sustainably implemented in the city of Tshwane. Successful established community recycling programs in Brazil was investigated to verify its socioeconomic and environmental impacts in a sustainable waste management perspective. Community recycling initiatives have been increasingly used as a strategy to address both the MSW problem and urban poverty in Brazil. The study focused on the city of Tshwane, but it can be argued that the findings can be implemented in any other South African municipality and in other emerging countries in Africa.

关键词： Recycling MSW community recycling landfills waste collection reclaimers.

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Readiness of Healthcare Facilities to Implement Onsite Healthcare waste Management Protocols and Incineration Guidelines in Tanzania

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第11期13卷 913-940页

作者： Samwel Manyele Honest Anicetus Michael Habtu Khalid Massa Mahir Said Josephat Saria Grace Saguti Zabloni Yoti Department of Chemical and Mining Engineering University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania World Health Organization Dar es Salaam Country Office Dar es salaam Tanzania Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences The Open University of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

The aim of this study was to assess Readiness of Healthcare facilities to Implement onsite Healthcare waste Management Protocols and Incineration Guidelines in Tanzania. To address this, a national assessment was conducted country wide to assess readiness of Healthcare Facilities (HCFs) to undertake various Healthcare waste Management (HCWM) initiatives with particular focus to adherence to HCWM protocols and incineration guidelines. The assessment of healthcare waste management was conducted in facilities in the 26 regions of Tanzania mainland for one month. A standardized checklist and tools were used to assess and monitor various aspects related to healthcare waste management using open source software for data collection (ODK). Data were analyzed using SPSS computer software. It was observed that 46.2%, 33.3% and 25% of the health centres, district hospitals and regional hospitals did not have appointed supervisors, which makes it difficult for the HCFs to perform better in managing healthcare waste in their respective facilities. It was further revealed that healthcare facilities have made remarkable improvement in the overall healthcare waste management with evidence of ongoing common activity on purchasing injection safety boxes (69.2%) and purchasing of waste bins (53.8%) at all levels. On average, about 70% of the HCFs have plans and budget though inadequate to support HCWM activities. In a conclusion Healthcare Facilities must designate a better system to compressively address healthcare waste management issues. Again the findings provide evidence for those engaged in improving HCF conditions to develop evidence-based policies and efficient programs, enhance service delivery systems, and make better use of available resources.

关键词： Healthcare waste Incinerators waste Segregation waste collection Color Coding Ash Pits

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waste Management Workers’ Safety Concerns during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ghana

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第9期13卷 603-612页

作者： Julius Mensah-Akoto Kenichi Matsui Graduate School of Life and Earth Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

waste management is one of urgent challenges in the world. In rapidly growing cities of developing countries like Accura, Ghana, waste collection is done without sufficient protection of workers. This situation became worse when the COVID-19 pandemic began to threaten the health and safety of waste collection workers. This paper aims to examine waste management workers’ safety concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. To better understand waste management workers’ safety concerns during the pandemic, we used the questionnaire survey. Our questionnaire survey was conducted among 60 waste management workers in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. The study then discusses how municipal waste management authorities can ensure safety of waste management workers during the pandemic. Our results showed that 58% of the respondents were worried about the COVID-19 pandemic, while 20% were not even sure of the existence of the Covid-19 pandemic. Besides their worry, we also found that about 40% of the respondents had access to face masks/shields at their workplace, and 30% had hand sanitizers. This paper highlights that providing more advanced safety protocols in terms of workers daily operations and safety measures will enable a safe working environment for the workers even in terms of future pandemics.

关键词： COVID-19 waste Management Worker waste collection Ghana Safety Protocols

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