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Changes in soil microbial communities induced by Warming and N deposition accelerate the CO 2 emissions of coarse woody debris

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1051-1063页

作者： Hankun Wang Chunsheng Wu Junping Liu Qi Chen Chao Li Chunjie Shu Yi Zhang Yuanqiu Liu Key Laboratory of Silviculture Co-Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and UtilizationCollege of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityZhimin Rd.1101Nanchang 330045People’s Republic of China School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering Nanchang Institute of TechnologyNanchang 330099People’s Republic of China Lushan Nature Reserve of Jiangxi(Lushan Mountain National Forest Ecological Station) Henan Rd.600Jiujiang 332900People’s Republic of China College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture South China Agricultural UniversityWushan Rd.483Tianhe DistrictGuangzhou 510642People’s Republic of China College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China

Warming and nitrogen(N)deposition are two important drivers of global climate changes.Coarse woody debris(CWD)contains a large proportion of the carbon(C)in the total global C pool.The composition of soil microbial communities and environmental changes(i.e.,N deposition and Warming)are the key drivers of CWD decomposition,but the interactive impact between N deposition and Warming on the composition of soil microbial communities and CWD decomposition is still unclear.In a laboratory experiment,we study and simulate respiration during decomposition of the CWD(C 98)of Cryptomeria japonica(CR)and Platycarya strobilacea(PL)in response to Warming and N deposition over 98 days.Resuts show that either Warming or N addition signifi cantly accelerated the C 98 of the two tree species by altering the soil microbial community(bacterial:fungi and G+:G–).The combined treatment(Warming+N)resulted in a decomposition eff ect equal to the sum of the individual eff ects.In addition,the species composition of bacteria and fungi was obviously aff ected by Warming.However,N deposition had a remarkable infl uence on G+:G–.Our results indicated that N deposition and Warming will observably alter the composition and growth of the microbial community and thus work synergistically to accelerate CWD decomposition in forest ecosystems.We also present evidence that N deposition and Warming infl uenced the composition and balance of soil microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling of forest ecosystems.

关键词： Warming N deposition Coarse woody debris Decomposition Soil microbial community

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古生代末大变暖

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Science Bulletin 2023年第21期68卷 2523-2526页

作者：宋海军 Christopher R.Scotese State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanston IL 60208USA

According to the recent global mean surface temperature curve[1],the temperature continued to rise over a period of 45 million years at the end of the Paleozoic.The global mean temperature increased from 11.7°C at 295 Ma at the beginning of the Permian to 32.7°C at 250 Ma at the beginning of the Triassic,a Warming of21°C,one of the most dramatic Warmings in the Phanerozoic(Fig.1a),which is referred to in this paper as the end-Paleozoic great Warming(EPGW).Another significant Warming event occurred in the mid-Cretaceous,when the global average temperature rose by 8.8 C in 8 million years,reaching 28.2°C.

关键词： Warming Paleozoic Permian

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IPCC第六次评估报告:多年冻土碳循环及其对气候变暖响应的新认识

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Science Bulletin 2022年第13期67卷 1322-1325页

作者：丁金枝汪涛王玉阳陈发虎 State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental ScienceLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems is an important factor that affects the level and accumulation rate of global atmospheric greenhouse gases and determines the stability of the global climate.From 2010 to 2019,31%of CO_(2) emissions caused by human activities were absorbed by vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems and 23%by the ocean,while the remaining 46%accumulated in the atmosphere.However,as the climate continues to warm。

关键词： terrestrial climate Warming

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The dry-hot feedback between soil moisture and atmosphere and the accelerated global Warming

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 890-891页

作者： Tianjun ZHOU State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been increasing due to human activities since the Industrial Revolution, resulting in continuous Warming of the global climate system and significant drought over a large parts of global land, both have shown a non-linear growth trend in recent decades(Berg et al., 2017;Zhou et al., 2019;IPCC, 2021).

关键词： Warming moisture drought

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Emerging Negative Warming Impacts on Tibetan Crop Yield

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Engineering 2022年第7期8卷 163-168页

作者： Tsechoe Dorji Shilong Piao Xuhui Wang Chuang Zhao Baohua Liu Anping Chen Shiping Wang Tao Wang Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Sino–French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

Preserving Tibet’s unique history and cultural heritage relies on the sustainability of the Tibetan croplands,which are characterized by highland barley,the only cereal crop cultivated over 4000 m above sea level.Yet it is unknown how these croplands will respond to climate change.Here,using yield statistics from 1985 to 2015,we found that the impact of temperature anomalies on the Tibetan crop yield shifted from nonsignificant(P>0.10)in the 1980s and 1990s to significantly negative(PWarming scenarios of+1.5 or+2.0℃above the pre-industry level,the temperature sensitivities of crop yield may further increase to(–0.33±0.10)and(–0.51±0.18)t·ha^(-1)℃^(–1),respectively,making the crops 2–3 times more vulnerable to warmer temperatures than they are today.

关键词： Tibet Warming Crop yield Barley Negative Warming impacts

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Surface energy budget diagnosis reveals possible mechanism for the different Warming rate among Earth’s three poles in recent decades

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Science Bulletin 2019年第16期64卷 1140-1143页

作者： Kailun Gao Anmin Duan Deliang Chen Guoxiong Wu State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden

With the introduction of the‘‘Third Pole'[1],the Arctic,Antarctic,and Tibetan Plateau(TP)can be collectively referred to as the‘‘three poles of the Earth'.The cryosphere is an important component of the climate system because of its effect on Earth’s surface albedo and its role in reducing the amount of heat exchanged between the atmosphere and ocean or land(2)As the dominant parts of the cryosphere,the Arctic,Antarctic,and TP are pivotal and sensitive areas of global climate change.Global Warming will weaken the inherent stability of the cryosphere,such as its ice shelves,glaciers and permafrost[3,4].

关键词： energy budget Warming Earth’s three poles

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中国地区极端降水事件的未来变化对人口的影响

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Science Bulletin 2020年第3期65卷 243-252页

作者：张文霞周天军 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

在全球增温背景下,中国地区是全球气候变化的敏感区之一.预估并理解未来极端降水的变化及其影响对于减缓和适应策略的制定具有重要的指示意义.本文基于CMIP5多模式预估的极端降水,结合不同社会经济路径下的人口预估数据,分析了不同全球... 详细信息

在全球增温背景下,中国地区是全球气候变化的敏感区之一.预估并理解未来极端降水的变化及其影响对于减缓和适应策略的制定具有重要的指示意义.本文基于CMIP5多模式预估的极端降水,结合不同社会经济路径下的人口预估数据,分析了不同全球温升阈值下中国地区极端强降水和极端干期的变化及其对人口的影响.研究表明,中国地区极端强降水事件将随增温普遍增强(中国地区平均Rx5day将增强~6.5%/K),因此其对人口的影响随全球温升而持续增加.而极端干期则呈偶极子型变化,在中国南部延长、北部缩短.由于气候变化和人口分布的不均匀性,中国东南部是极端降水变化对人口影响的敏感地区.比较未来气候变化和人口分布变化的相对作用,极端降水本身的未来变化将主导其对人口的影响,而人口分布变化的影响相对较小.

关键词： Global Warming Extreme precipitation Impact Population Paris Agreement

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Global Warming weakening the inherent stability of glaciers and permafrost

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Science Bulletin 2019年第4期64卷 245-253页

作者： Yongjian Ding Shiqiang Zhang Lin Zhao Zhongqin Li Shichang Kang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy Sciences Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest University College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest University State Cryosphere Monitor and Research Station Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences State Glacier Monitor and Research Station Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Cryosphere has been undergoing a worldwide retreat, as seen in the decrease in the areal extent and volume of glaciers and in the areal extent of permafrost. This paper presents a systematic examination of the inherent stability changes of glaciers and permafrost caused by Warming. Various study results suggest that over the past 30 years, the internal temperature of glaciers and permafrost exhibits an overall accelerating Warming trend. The Warming rate peaked in the mid-2000s and slowed slightly for several years afterward. In recent years, however, the Warming rate has seemed to pick up again. The Warming of glaciers and permafrost has exerted great impact on their stability, displayed as intensified melting,increased glacier surging, enlargement of supraglacial lakes, and increased permafrost degradation.Even without a future temperature increase, some glaciers will continue to shrink, and the number of surging glaciers will increase. The transition from low-temperature to high-temperature permafrost is a noticeable warning sign of a comprehensive degradation of permafrost. These results indicate that‘‘Warming" glaciers and permafrost will exert significant impacts on the hydrology, ecology, and stability of engineering in cold regions.

关键词： Warming Englacial temperature Permafrost Internal thermal state Stability

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Responses of soil microbial carbon use efficiency to Warming: Review and prospects

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Soil Ecology Letters 2022年第4期4卷 307-318页

作者： Qiufang Zhang Wenkuan Qin Jiguang Feng Biao Zhu Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Microbial carbon use efficiency(CUE)is an important factor driving soil carbon(C)dynamics.However,microbial CUE could positively,negatively,or neutrally respond to increased temperature,which limits our prediction of soil C storage under future climate Warming.Experimental Warming affects plant production and microbial communities,which thus can have a significant impact on biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems.Here,we reviewed the present research status of methods measuring microbial CUE and the response of microbial CUE to the changes of biotic and abiotic factors induced by Warming.Overall,current measurement methods mainly include metabolic flux analysis,calorespirometry,stoichiometric model,13C and 18O labeling.Differences in added substrate types can lead to an overestimation or underestimation on microbial CUE,particularly when using the 13C labeling method.In addition,changes in the dominant microbial community under Warming may also affect CUE.However,there is still uncertainty in CUE characteristics of different microorganisms.Microbial CUE is generally decreased under Warming conditions as microbes are subjected to water stress or soil labile organic matter is much more depleted compared to ambient conditions.In contrast,considering that Warming increases soil nutrient availability,Warming may enhance microbial CUE by alleviating nutrient limitations for microbes.In conclusion,the response of microbial CUE to Warming is more complex than expected.The microbial growth and physiological adaptation to environmental stress under Warming is one of the main reasons for the inconsistence in microbial CUE response.Finally,we propose five aspects where further research could improve the understanding of microbial CUE in a warmer world,including using new technologies,establishing multi-factor interactive experiments,building a network of experimental research platform for Warming,and strengthening studies on response of CUE to Warming at different soil depths and on different temporal scales.

关键词： Warming Carbon use efficiency Substrate quality Nutrient availability Stoichiometry

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Solar Geoengineering to Reduce Global Warming—The Outlook Remains Cloudy

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Engineering 2022年第2期8卷 6-9页

作者： Sean O’Neill Senior Technology Writer

In March 2021,Australia’s Great Barrier Reef played host to a rare field test of marine cloud brightening(MCB)technology.Blasting a seawater mist into the air from the aft of a research ves-sel using a turbine outfitted with novel spray nozzles,researchers watched the resulting white plume rise into the sky(Fig.1)[1].Over the last five years,the Reef has suffered multiple mass bleaching events because of ocean Warming caused by climate change[2].The MCB project,led by senior lecturer Daniel Harrison of Southern Cross University,Coffs Harbour,Australia,is part of the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program[3],a government-backed research and development initiative that aims to“develop,test and risk-assess novel interventions to help keep the Reef resilient.”

关键词： Solar Warming ocean

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