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Assessing Water Availability and Unmet Water Demand Using the weap model in the Semi-Arid Bweengwa, Kasaka and Magoye Sub-Catchments of Southern Zambia

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第4期12卷 280-295页

作者： Tewodros M. Tena Alick Nguvulu Dickson Mwelwa Phenny Mwaanga Department of Environmental Engineering Copperbelt University Kitwe Zambia Department of Geomatics Engineering Copperbelt University Kitwe Zambia Business and Information Technology Department Cavendish University Lusaka Zambia

Located in the semi-arid zone of Zambia, the Mutama-Bweengwa, Kasaka and Magoye sub-catchments have witnessed a high demand for water due to increase in population and socio-economic activities putting more pressure on water resources. This study assesses the hydrological components and ascertains the available water resources and unmet demand in the sub-catchments using the Water Evaluation And Planning (weap) model and hydrometeorological data collected between 1951 and 2018. The model was calibrated and validated on 1971-1981 and 2008-2018 data respectively. The results reveal that the sub-catchments have transitioned from positive to negative water balance with -164.295 Mm3/year for Mutama-Bweengwa, -19.021 Mm3/year for Kasaka and -86.368 Mm3/year for Magoye. Evaporation was 1815.259 Mm3/year for Mutama-Bweengwa, 1162.655 Mm3/year for Kasaka and 1505.664 Mm3/year for Magoye. The demand for water has been increasing over time for various purposes such as irrigation, domestic, urban/rural water supply and livestock. The overall water storage in the sub-catchments showed a negative water balance for the year 2018. The observed and simulated peak streamflow were 8.16 m3/s and 7.7 m3/s occurring during the month of January and February respectively. The weap model performance achieved R2 of 0.98 during calibration and 0.95 for validation, and an NSE of 0.83 for calibration and 0.85 during validation. The values of objective functions show that the hydrology of the Mutama-Bweengwa, Kasaka and Magoye sub-catchments as predicted by the weap model provides satisfactory confidence for prediction of future streamflow and hence projection based on future scenarios.

关键词： Water Availability Water Use weap model River Catchment Streamflow Semi-Arid Catchment Hydrology

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Analysis of River Tributaries’ Streamflow Contribution Using weap model: A Case of the Ngwerere and Kanakatampa Tributaries to the Chongwe River in Zambia

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第4期13卷 309-323页

作者： Tewodros M. Tena Frank Mudenda Alick Nguvulu Phenny Mwaanga John M. Gathenya Department of Environmental Engineering The Copperbelt University Kitwe Zambia Department of Civil Engineering University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Geomatics Engineering Department The Copperbelt University Kitwe Zambia Department of Soil Water and Environmental Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology Nairobi Kenya

Ngwerere and Kanakatampa Streams are the main tributaries of the Chongwe River. The Ngwerere stream originates from the city of Lusaka and meanders through Lusaka City and Chongwe Town for an approximate distance of 41 km before joining into the upper part of Chongwe River. The Kanakatampa Stream is a tributary of the Chongwe River. It meanders from the Kanakatampa Area for approximately 52 km before discharging into the middle of the upper part of the Chongwe River. The Chongwe River Catchment which is a sub-catchment of the Zambezi Basin drew the attention of researchers and policymakers when the Chongwe River started drying up in the dry seasons causing a water crisis particularly in the downstream regions of the middle catchment. Therefore, it is important from the water resources management perspective, to assess the contribution of tributaries into the flows of the Chongwe River. Ngwerere and Kanakatampa streams are socially, economically, and environmentally important streams for the city of Lusaka and surrounding area. This study, therefore, concentrated on evaluating the flow contribution of the two streams to the Chongwe River using the Water Evaluation And Planning (weap) tool. The streamflow data (1970-2010) recorded at the Chongwe Great East Road Bridge gauging station were used in the weap embedded Parameter ESTimation (PEST) auto-calibration tool to calibrate (1970-1999) and validate (2000-2010) the model. The monthly streamflow model calibration and validation results were assessed using the correlation coefficient (CC), Coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSE), and Percent bias (PBIAS). The model performance results achieved were PBIAS of 1.24%, CC = 0.81, R2 = 0.66 and NSE = 0.62 during the calibration period and a positive PBIAS of 2.94%, CC = 0.81, R2 = 0.67 and NSE = 0.62 during the validation period. The median of the flows (Q50) was obtained from the historica

关键词： Ngwerere Stream Kanakatampa Stream Chongwe River Zambezi Basin weap model Water Resource Management PEST

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Application of weap Simulation model to Hengshui City Water Planning

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2007年第2期13卷 142-146页

作者： OJEKUNLE Z O 赵林李满洲杨真谭欣 School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Institute of Geological Environment Survey of Henan Province

Like many river basins in China, water resources in the Fudong Pai River are almost fully allocated. This paper seeks to assess and evaluate water resource problems using water evaluation and planning (weap) model via its application to Hengshui Basin of Fudong Pai River. This model allows the simulation and analysis of various water allocation scenarios and, above all, scenarios of users' behavior. Water demand management is one of the options discussed in detail. Simulations are proposed for diverse climatic situations from dry years to normal years and results are discussed. Within the limits of data availability, it appears that most water users are not able to meet all their requirements from the river, and that even the ecological reserve will not be fully met during certain years. But the adoption of water demand management procedures offers opportunities for remedying this situation during normal hydrological years. However, it appears that demand management alone will not suffice during dry years. Nevertheless, the ease of use of the model and its user-friendly interfaces make it particularly useful for discussions and dialogue on water resources management among stakeholders.

关键词： water allocation weap model water demand management river basin management water resources management water demand coverage unmet water demand Fudong Pai River

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