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Novel Design of UWB Jeans Based Textile Antenna for Body-Centric Communications

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第9期42卷 1079-1093页

作者： Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan Bright Yeboah-Akowuah Kaisarul Islam Eric Tutu Tchao Sumanta Bhattacharyya Rajesh Dey Mehedi Masud Fahad Alraddady Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North South UniversityDhaka1229Bangladesh Department of Computer Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Electronics and Communication Engineering Cambridge Institute of TechnologyRanchiIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Brainware Group of Institutions-SDETKolkataIndia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

This research presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) textile antenna designfor body-centric applications. The antenna is printed on a 1 mm thick denim substrate with a 1.7 relative permittivity. The jeans substrate is sandwiched between apartial ground plane and a radiating patch with a Q-shaped slot. The slotted radiating patch is placed above the substrate and measures 27.8 mm × 23.8 mm. In freespace, the antenna covers the ultra-wideband spectrum designated by the FederalCommunication Commission (FCC). Various parameters of the antenna designwere changed for further performance evaluation. Depending on the operating frequency, the antenna's realized gain varied from 2.7 to 5 dB. The antenna achievedhigh radiation efficiency with an omnidirectional radiation pattern. A parametricstudy was performed in research on varying antenna substrates and other components of the antenna. The three outermost layers of the human body are used tomodel a human phantom for on-body simulation. After that, the antenna wasplaced at five different distances from the phantom. The findings demonstrate thatat close distances to the phantom, the antenna's gain and efficiency at lower frequencies are reduced. The antenna's radiation efficiency and gain were muchhigher at higher frequencies for distances greater than 6 mm. Compared to freespace, the antenna's radiation pattern was more omnidirectional, especially athigher frequencies. This antenna is novel, compact and has an ultra wide bandwidth, a maximum of 94.60% radiation efficiency and a 5 dBi gain that will makeit a good candidate for body-centric communications.

关键词： Ultra-wideband body-centric communication on-body textile jeans slotted-patch wban

Multi-Band Metamaterial Antenna for Terahertz Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1765-1782页

作者： Adel Y.I.Ashyap M.Inam M.R.Kamarudin M.H.Dahri Z.A.Shamsan K.Almuhanna F.Alorifi Faculty of Engineering Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM)Batu Pahat86400JohorMalaysia Centre for Telecommunication Research&Innovation(CETRI) Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM)Melaka76100Malaysia Department of Electronic Engineering Dawood University of Engineering and Technology74800KarachiPakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

A multi-band metamaterial antenna is proposed to operate at the terahertz(THz)band for medical applications.The proposed structure is designed on a polyimide as a support layer,and its radiating elements are made of graphene.Initially,the design is started with a conventional shape showing a single operating frequency at 1.1 THz.To achieve a multi-band operating frequency,the conventional shape was replaced with the proposed metamaterial as a radiating patch that has properties not exist in nature.The multi-band frequencies are obtained without compromising the overall size of the design.The overall size is 600×600×25μm^(3).The operating frequencies are 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz.A full ground plane is used to behave as isolation between the design and the human body model.The proposed design is investigated on free space and on the human body model,showing excellent performance in both cases.The achieved gains for the following frequencies 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz are 4.81,6.5,8.41,6.02,and 7.96 dB,respectively,while the efficiencies are 83.91%,96.28%,90.80%,91.71%,and 92.99%,respectively.The conventional design was modified to have a partial ground to show the benefit of using the full ground.The design is loaded on the human body model and its performance is affected.The efficiency and gain are 6.61 dB and 95.58.7%for the case of no human body model,and 4.26 dB and 40.30%for the case of using a human body model.Hence,the proposed metamaterial antenna will be useful for future medical applications in the THz band.

关键词： THz 5G a multi-band metamaterials 6G wban

Managing Smart Technologies with Software-Defined Networks for Routing and Security Challenges: A Survey

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 1839-1879页

作者： Babangida Isyaku Kamalrulnizam Bin Abu Bakar Department of Computer Science Faculty of ComputingUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor BahruJohor81310Malaysia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologySule Lamido UniversityP.M.B.048Jigawa StateNigeria

Smart environments offer various services,including smart cities,ehealthcare,transportation,and wearable devices,generating multiple traffic flows with different Quality of Service(QoS)demands.Achieving the desired QoS with security in this heterogeneous environment can be challenging due to traffic flows and device management,unoptimized routing with resource awareness,and security threats.Software Defined Networks(SDN)can help manage these devices through centralized SDN controllers and address these challenges.Various schemes have been proposed to integrate SDN with emerging technologies for better resource utilization and security.Software Defined Wireless Body Area Networks(SDwban)and Software Defined Internet of Things(SDIoT)are the recently introduced frameworks to overcome these challenges.This study surveys the existing SDwban and SDIoT routing and security challenges.The paper discusses each solution in detail and analyses its weaknesses.It covers SDwban frameworks for efficient management of wban networks,management of IoT devices,and proposed security mechanisms for IoT and data security in wban.The survey provides insights into the state-of-the-art in SDwban and SDIoT routing with resource awareness and security threats.Finally,this study highlights potential areas for future research.

关键词： SDN wban IoT routing security

Certificateless Algorithm for Body Sensor Network and Remote Medical Server Units Authentication over Public Wireless Channels

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Journal of Computer Science Research 2022年第3期4卷 1-11页

作者： Bahaa Hussein Taher Muhammad Yasir Abraham Isiaho Judith N.Nyakanga Huazhong University of Science&Technology WuhanChina China University of Petroleum QingdaoChina Kaimosi Friends University College KaimosiKenya Kenyatta National Hospital NairobiKenya

Wireless sensor networks process and exchange mission-critical data relating to patients’health status.Obviously,any leakages of the sensed data can have serious consequences which can endanger the lives of patients.As such,there is need for strong security and privacy protection of the data in storage as well as the data in transit.Over the recent past,researchers have developed numerous security protocols based on digital signatures,advanced encryption standard,digital certificates and elliptic curve cryptography among other approaches.However,previous studies have shown the existence of many security and privacy gaps that can be exploited by attackers to cause some harm in these networks.In addition,some techniques such as digital certificates have high storage and computation complexities occasioned by certificate and public key management issues.In this paper,a certificateless algorithm is developed for authenticating the body sensors and remote medical server units.Security analysis has shown that it offers data privacy,secure session key agreement,untraceability and anonymity.It can also withstand typical wireless sensor networks attacks such as impersonation,packet replay and man-in-the-middle.On the other hand,it is demonstrated to have the least execution time and bandwidth requirements.

关键词： Authentication Body sensors Security Privacy wban

An Intelligent Cluster Optimization Algorithm for Smart Body Area Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3795-3814页

作者： Adil Mushtaq Muhammad Nadeem Majeed Farhan Aadil Muhammad Fahad Khan Sangsoon Lim Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadAttock CampusPakistan Department of Computer Engineering Sungkyul UniversityAnyang430010Korea

Body Area Networks(BODYNETs)or Wireless Body Area Networks(wban),being an important type of ad-hoc network,plays a vital role in multimedia,safety,and traffic management applications.In BODYNETs,rapid topology changes occur due to high node mobility,which affects the scalability of the network.Node clustering is one mechanism among many others,which is used to overcome this issue in BODYNETs.There are many clustering algorithms used in this domain to overcome this issue.However,these algorithms generate a large number of Cluster Heads(CHs),which results in scarce resource utilization and degraded performance.In this research,an efficient clustering technique is proposed to handle these problems.The transmission range of BODYNET nodes is dynamically tuned accordingly as per their operational requirements.By optimizing the transmission range,the packet loss ratio is minimized,and link quality is improved,which leads to reduced energy consumption.To select optimal CHs the Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)is used based on their fitness,which enhances the network performance by reducing routing overhead.Our proposed scheme outclasses the existing state-of-the-art techniques,e.g.,Ant Colony Optimization(ACO),Gray Wolf Optimization(GWO),and Dragonfly Optimization Algorithm(DFA)in terms of energy consumption and cluster building time.

关键词： Bodynets wban clustering ad-hoc networks whale optimizer artificial neural networks intelligent transportation system

Network selection in cognitive radio enabled Wireless Body Area Networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2020年第1期6卷 75-85页

作者： Monish Bhatia Krishan Kumar Electronics&Communication Engineering Department National Institute of TechnologyHamirpur177005India

In recent years,the great interest in Wireless Body Area Networks(wbans)has been aroused significantly due to the advancement in wireless communications.In wireless communication,all wban nodes that monitor the human body's vital functions transfer information to a central sink node,which is directly connected to a Cognitive Radio enabled Controller called CRC.To transfer this information from a CRC to an e-health server,it requires long-range wireless networks,such as UMTS,LTE,WiMAX,WiFi,and satellite internet provider.It is challenging for a CRC to select the best networks for different wban data traffic,such as emergency mandatory,delay sensitive,and general monitoring.This paper proposes a scheme for selecting the best network from the available networks depending on the Quality of Service(QoS)requirements for different wban applications.Different multiple attribute decision-making algorithms are used in the proposed scheme.Numerical results and discussion reveal that the proposed scheme is effective in making a good network selection in situations where there is a conflict among different QoS requirements for different wban applications.

关键词： wban Cognitive radio Network selection Entropy method MADM methods Fuzzy AHP

基于概率计算的TPC译码算法研究与FPGA设计

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基于概率计算的TPC译码算法研究与FPGA设计

作者：王小兵重庆邮电大学

学位级别：硕士

随着现代医疗技术的不断发展,涌现出各种各样的医疗设备,其中可用于远程监控健康数据的可穿戴类设备得到大量应用,于是能够为病人提供实时健康监测和辅助诊断许多疾病的无线体域网(Wireless Body Area Network,wban)技术引起人们地广泛... 详细信息

随着现代医疗技术的不断发展,涌现出各种各样的医疗设备,其中可用于远程监控健康数据的可穿戴类设备得到大量应用,于是能够为病人提供实时健康监测和辅助诊断许多疾病的无线体域网(Wireless Body Area Network,wban)技术引起人们地广泛研究。与此同时,由于现代无线通信的快速发展以及医疗电子设备的不断小型化更是推动了无线体域网技术的发展和应用。医疗设备的数据可靠性是由数据速率决定的,数据速率低则误码率高,数据速率高则误码率低,在医疗无线体域网的应用中其数据速率并不是很高,因此在信道中译码算法就需要有良好的译码性能。Turbo Product Code(Turbo乘积码)应用迭代译码的方法能够发挥其良好性能,目前常用的译码算法为Pyndiah-Chase-Ⅱ算法,但是Pyndiah-Chase-Ⅱ算法在寻找最不可靠输入比特位置和最短欧式距离码字的过程中,涉及大量的排序运算、复杂的分支结构和存储调度使其不利于用FPGA或者集成电路硬件实现。于是针对上述问题提出一种基于概率计算的TPC译码算法(Stochastic-TPC译码算法),此算法一共包括五层,分别为输入层、随机比特流生成层、BCH硬判决层、BCH&CRC校验层、输出层。Stochastic-TPC译码算法的子码算法采用Stochastic-BCH译码算法,利用MATLAB对Pyndiah-Chase-Ⅱ译码算法、Stochastic-BCH译码算法、Stochastic-TPC译码算法进行译码性能的仿真分析,仿真结果表明:Stochastic-TPC译码算法能够达到(随机比特流长度L=512)甚至优于Pyndiah-Chase-Ⅱ译码算法(随机比特流长度L=1024)。最后对Stochastic-BCH译码算法、Stochastic-TPC译码算法进行逻辑电路设计与基于modelsim的仿真分析。在逻辑电路实现方面,BCH硬判决层采用查找表的方式实现、BCH&CRC层利用基本的异或门即可完成、随机比特流生成层采用比较器实现、输入输出层主要是寄存器组。

关键词： wban Turbo乘积码 Pyndiah-Chase-Ⅱ算法 Stochastic-BCH译码算法 Stochastic-TPC译码算法

基于UVM的无线体域网安全模块验证平台设计

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基于UVM的无线体域网安全模块验证平台设计

作者：刘森态重庆邮电大学

学位级别：硕士

集成电路的工艺节点已经从28nm进入到5nm时代,集成度大大地提高,这意味着可在相同面积下芯片实现的功能更多,也意味着芯片验证难度随着芯片功能增多而增大。验证工作占据芯片前端设计中将近70%的设计时间,验证已经成为当下整个芯片设计... 详细信息

集成电路的工艺节点已经从28nm进入到5nm时代,集成度大大地提高,这意味着可在相同面积下芯片实现的功能更多,也意味着芯片验证难度随着芯片功能增多而增大。验证工作占据芯片前端设计中将近70%的设计时间,验证已经成为当下整个芯片设计流程中的最大、最耗时间的瓶颈。本文主要研究芯片验证的核心——数字功能验证,将结合一款无线体域网(Wireless Body Area Network,wban)芯片,在System Verilog验证语言和通用验证方法学(Universal Verification Methodology,UVM)研究基础上搭建一款灵活可靠的验证平台,并且通过动态仿真和覆盖率统计的方式对wban安全模块进行功能验证。首先,阐述鉴权加密基本流程,分析wban芯片的安全模块,并叙述HMACSHA256、椭圆曲线密码学(Elliptic Curve Cryptography,ECC)和高级加密标准(Advanced Encryption Standard,AES)原理及其硬件结构。其次,设计鉴权加密寄存器组、搭建寄存器模型,设计一套寄存器配置方案。最后根据外部接口,构建串行外设接口(Serial Peripheral Interface,SPI)板上总线验证组件,并封装在顶层环境,完成验证平台的搭建。在完成验证平台的搭建之后,根据模块功能需求,提出验证功能点,制定验证计划,构造功能测试用例,不仅设计了收集覆盖率的组件,还设计了可以快速地创建寄存器模型的寄存器脚本,以及可以自动运行测试用例的自动化测试脚本,来提高验证效率,最后利用工具进行调试和波形仿真。对仿真波形和平台验证结果进行分析得出,SPI传输无误,寄存器模型功能正常,算法运算结果正确。根据覆盖率报告地反馈,不断地收束约束范围,添加定向激励。最终平台验证报告显示,模块功能覆盖率达到100%,代码覆盖率超过了98.57%,满足验证目标。

关键词：验证平台覆盖率 wban UVM

基于突发紧急业务传输的高能效wban-MAC协议研究

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计算机与数字工程 2023年第6期51卷 1343-1347页

作者：高景山郭坤祺江苏大学计算机科学与通信工程学院镇江212013

为减少基于IEEE802.15.6标准中紧急节点数据包传输碰撞,提高紧急信息传输效率,提出了一种高能效的MAC协议(BT-MAC),它通过最小化竞争接入访问,减小数据包碰撞概率来降低节点的功耗,并根据网络的流量负载来分配节点时隙和不同接入期长度... 详细信息

为减少基于IEEE802.15.6标准中紧急节点数据包传输碰撞,提高紧急信息传输效率,提出了一种高能效的MAC协议(BT-MAC),它通过最小化竞争接入访问,减小数据包碰撞概率来降低节点的功耗,并根据网络的流量负载来分配节点时隙和不同接入期长度分配策略。分析和仿真表明,所提出的MAC协议在平均传输延迟和功耗水平方面均优于IEEE802.15.6标准,从而达到更好的传输效率和更长的使用寿命。

关键词： wban 紧急信息传输 IEEE802.15.6 MAC