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Groundwater monitoring of an open-pit limestone quarry:water-rock interaction and mixing estimation within the rock layers by geochemical and statistical analyses

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第6期28卷 849-857页

作者： Khy Eam Eang Toshifumi Igarashi Megumi Kondo Tsurugi Nakatani Carlito Baltazar Tabelin Ryota Fujinaga Laboratory of Groundwater and Mass Transport Division of Sustainable Resources EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8628Japan Laboratory of Groundwater and Mass Transport Division of Sustainable Resources EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8628Japan Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Tokyo 1008117Japan Ryoko Lime Industry Co. Ltd.Chichibu-gunSaitama 3680072Japan Laboratory of Mineral Processing and Resources Recycling Division of Sustainable Resources EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringHokkaido UniversitySapporo 0608628Japan

water-rock interaction and groundwater mixing are important phenomena in understanding hydrogeological systems and the stability of rock slopes especially those consisting largely of moderately watersoluble minerals like calcite. In this study, the hydrogeological and geochemical evolutions of groundwater in a limestone quarry composed of three strata: limestone layer(covering), interbedded layer under the covering layer, and slaty greenstone layer(basement) were investigated. water-rock interaction in the open-pit limestone quarry was evaluated using PHREEQC, while hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to classify and identify water sources responsible for possible groundwater mixing within rock layers. In addition, Geochemist's Workbench was applied to estimate the mixing fractions to clarify sensitive zones that may affect rock slope stability. The results showed that the changes in Ca2+and HCO3àconcentrations of several groundwater samples along the interbedded layer could be attributed to mixing groundwater from the limestone layer and that from slaty greenstone layer. Based on the HCA and PCA results, groundwaters were classified into several types depending on their origin:(1) groundwater from the limestone layer(LO),(2) mixed groundwater flowing along the interbedded layer(e.g., groundwater samples L-7, L-11, S-3 and S-4), and(3) groundwater originating from the slaty greenstone layer(SO). The mixing fractions of 41% LO: 59% SO, 64% LO: 36% SO, 43%LO: 57% SOand 25% LO: 75% SOon the normal days corresponded to groundwaters L-7, L-11, S-3 and S-4,respectively, while the mixing fractions of groundwaters L-7 and L-11(61% LO: 39% SOand 93% LO: 7% SO,respectively) on rainy days became the majority of groundwater originating from the limestone *** indicate that groundwater along the interbedded layer significantly affected the stability of rock slopes by enlarging multi-breaking zones in the layer through calcite

关键词： water-rock interaction Groundwater mixing Interbedded layer Geochemist’s workbench rock slope stability

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Oxygen isotope evidence for two-stage water-rock interactions of the Nianzishan A-type granite in NE China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第9期46卷 727-731页

作者： WEI Chunsheng ZHENG Yongfei ZHAO Zifu J.W.Valley Laboratory for Chemical Geodynamics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Geology and Geophysics University of WisconsinMadisonWI53706USA

The oxygen isotope ratios of whole-rock, common rock-forming minerals and zircon from Mesozoic A-type granitic pluton at Nianzishan in northeastern China were analyzed by the conventional BrF5 method and the laser-probe technique, respectively. Both whole-rock and rock-forming minerals show large δ18O variations up to 5.5‰ with significant oxygen isotope disequilibrium between zircon and the other minerals, whereas the δ18O values of zircon are tightly clustered between 3.12‰ and 4.19‰ and thus lower than the normal-mantle δ18O values. These results indicate that the Nianzishan A-type granite experienced two-stage water-rock interactions subsequentially. The remarkably low zircon δ18O values are genetically due to sea-water exchange with granite protolith in the first stage, and the oxygen isotope disequilibrium fractionations between zircon and rock-forming minerals are caused by mete-oric-hydrothermal alteration in the second stage. It is inferred that the 18O-depleted A-type granitic magma

关键词： A-type granite water-rock interaction zircon oxygen isotopes geochemical recycling.

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Oxygen isotope as a tracer of REE fractionation in water-rock interaction

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 224-226页

作者： DENG Hailin~1, LI Chaoyang~1, ZHOU Yunman~2 and WANG Chongwu~2 1. Open Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China 2. No.1 Geological Party, Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Xundian 655205, China Open Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China No. 1 Geological Party Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Xundian 655205 China

STABLE oxygen isotope is not only an effective approach to tracing water-rock interactions, but also canprovide much information about ore-forming temperature and source and evolution of ore fluids in thestudy of hydrothermal deposits. The rare-earth elements (REE) can be used to trace the sources ofore-forming materials and can also, to some extent, indicate the physical and chemical properties of fluids in the geochemical processes. The combination of these two aspects of research can effectivelyprobe into the geochemical behavior and evolution of REE in the process of water-rock interaction duringhydrothermal ore deposition. On the other hand, the essence of REE as tracers in hydrothermal mineralization can be better understood. In this note the Lemachang independent Ag deposit in northeastern Yunnan is selected for a case study.

关键词： oxygen isotope tracer water-rock interaction REE fractionation.

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EXPERIMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY STUDY ON GOLD IN water-rock REACTION UNDER THERMAL FLUID SYSTEM AT MESO-LOW TEMPERATURE

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Geotectonica et Metallogenia 2001年第1期25卷 140-148页

作者： GU Li 1, DAI Ta gen 2 (1. Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 2. College of Resource, Enviroment and Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China) Bioengineering College Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China College of Resource Enviroment and Civil EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Based on the knowing geochemical characteristics of wall rock in the Mobin gold deposit and composition of fluid inclusion in ore,water rock experiments were carried out, important achievements are acquired as following: Gold is mainly derived from the ore bearing wall rock,i.e., a series of epimetamorphic clastic gritstone, sandy slate, and tuffaceous slate in the Wuqiang Banxi Formation, Wuqiangxi Group. In thermal system with middle low temperature chlorine gold may be derived form stable complex ions, so it is quite important in gold metallogenic process. Sulphur and chlorine perform as the major negative ions throughout the gold activation and migration movement. The concentration of sulphur and chlorine ions, pH value and temperature are of deciding significance for gold activation, migration and precipitation.

关键词： Thermal fluid system water-rock interaction gold experimental geochemistry

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF water-rock HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE EXCHANGE IN XIANGSHAN URANIUM ORE-FIELD

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Scientia Geologica Sinica 1997年第2期 26-30页

作者： Zhou Wenbin(East China Geological Institute, Linchuan, Jiangxi, 344000)Rao Bin(National Key Lab on Mineral Deposit Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093)

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关键词： water-rock HYDROGEN OF STUDY AND ORE-FIELD

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Mn content of reservoir calcite cement: A novel inorganic geotracer of secondary petroleum migration in the tectonically complex Junggar Basin (NW China)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1796-1809页

作者： CAO Jian1,HU WenXuan1,YAO SuPing1,ZHANG YiJie2,WANG XuLong3,ZHANG YueQian3,TANG Yong3 & SHI XinPu3 1 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research,Department of Earth Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China 2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China 3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,China 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000 China

Electronic probe microanalysis(EPMA) results of reservoir calcite cement from fourteen core samples in the Junggar Basin show that Mn-content varies largely between different samples from below the detect limitation to 4.14%,while it displays a generally good correlation with oil-gas ***,therefore,likely indicates that concentration of the Mn-content of the calcite cement has a close rela-tion to the intensity of petroleum fluid charging during hydrocarbon secondary *** order to assess this hypothesis,oxygen and strontium isotopic measurements on sixteen calcite veins host in source sequences were carried out to investigate the feature of the oil-source petroleum *** results imply that during hydrocarbon generation and migration,deep hot fluid has dissolved volcanic minerals interlined between mudstone source *** Mn is a kind of typical trace element enriched in volcanic rocks,it is reasonable to conclude that the petroleum fluid formed in the source sequences would be ***,calcite cements precipitated from such Mn-rich petroleum fluid would be Mn-rich *** to the geologic chromatographic effect during migration along reservoir rocks,the decreasing of the Mn-content of the reservoir calcite cements indicates the migration ***,this novel geotracer was further successfully applied in the study of hydrocarbon migration in the Junggar Basin in combination with organic geochemical analyses during the hydrocarbon *** Mn content of the reservoir calcite cement appears promising as a novel inorganic geotracer for the petroleum *** paper represents a search for novel indicators of secondary petroleum migration in tectonically complex basins based on fundamentals of the reservoir fluid-rock interactions.

关键词： Petroleum migration, inorganic geochemistry, water-rock interaction, reservoir calcite cement, the Junggar Basin

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Hydrochemistry of the meltwater streams on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2181-2193页

作者： YE Liping ZHANG Ruifeng SUN Qizhen JIN Jie ZHANG Jing State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Institute of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Polar Research and Forecast National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center

King George Island, situated in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, is one of the most visited sites in Antarctica. Antarctica attracts much attention because it is one of the most sensitive areas under the influence of global warming. To understand its hydrochemistry characteristics, we collected various types of water samples, including samples from streams, meltwaters, ground waters, snow and ice from around the Great Wall Station, Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, from January to February, 2015. Major ions, alkalinities, silicate, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and electric conductivities were measured. Several approaches were applied to identify processes that af fect the hydrochemistry on Fildes Peninsula, including ternary diagrams, principal components analysis and cluster analysis. Our data suggest that atmospheric seasalt deposition is the main factor controlling the hydrochemistry on Fildes Peninsula. After atmospheric influences were corrected for seasalt, we defined the weathering of local rocks to be another important factor on the Peninsula's hydrochemistry. Processes such as Ca dissolution from the Ca-bearing basalt, Si loss through secondary mineralization and biological uptake influence the chemical composition of runof fs on the peninsula. Cluster analysis identified 4 groups of streams based on their hydrochemical features, which reflect their original weathering characters under icecap and the combined effects with melt snow, biological activity and the anthropogenic input.

关键词： hydrochemistry runoffs seasalt water-rock interaction Fildes Peninsula Antarctica

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Contrasting sorption behaviours affecting groundwater arsenic concentration in Kandal Province,Cambodia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1701-1713页

作者： Laura A. Richards Maria J. Casanueva-Marenco Daniel Magnone Chansopheaktra Sovann Bart E. van Dongen David A. Polya School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science The University of ManchesterWilliamson BuildingOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK Department of Analytical Chemistry Institute of BiomoleculesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of CádizCádizSpain School of Geography University of LincolnBrayford PoolLincolnLincolnshireLN6 7TSUK Department of Environmental Science Royal University of Phnom PenhPhnom PenhCambodia

Natural arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater which provides drinking water and/or irrigation supplies remains a major public health issue,particularly in South and Southeast Asia.A number of studies have evaluated various aspects of the biogeochemical controls on As mobilization in aquifers typical to this region,however many are predicated on the assumption that key biogeochemical processes may be deduced by sampled water *** validity of this assumption has not been clearly established even though the role of sorption/desorption of As and other heavy metals onto Fe/Mn (hydr) oxides is an important control in As ***,selective chemical extractions of sand-rich and clay-rich sediments from an As-affected aquifer in Kandal Province,Cambodia,were undertaken to explore the potential role of partial re-equilibrium through sorption/desorption reactions of As and related solutes (Fe,Mn and P) between groundwater and the associated solid aquifer *** general,groundwater As is strongly affected by both pH and Eh throughout the study ***,contrasting sorption behaviour is observed in two distinct sand-dominated (T-Sand) and clay dominated (T-Clay) transects,and plausibly attributed to differing dominant lithologies,biogeochemical and/or hydrogeological ***/desorption processes appear to be re-setting groundwater As concentrations in both transects,but to varying extents and in different *** T-Sand,which is typically highly reducing,correlations suggest that dissolved As may be sequestered by sorption/re-adsorption to Fe-bearing mineral phases and/or sedimentary organic matter;in T-Clay Eh is a major control on As mobilization although binding/occlusion of Fe-bearing minerals to sedimentary organic matter may also *** linear regression analysis was conducted with groups categorised by transect and by Eh,and the output correlations support the contrasting sorption behaviours encountered in this study area.I

关键词： Arsenic Groundwater Partial equilibrium Sorption water-rock interactions Cambodia

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Strontium hydrogeochemistry of thermal groundwaters from Baikal and Xinzhou

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2001年第S1期44卷 138-143页

作者：王焰新沈照理 China Univ Geosci Dept Hydrogeol & Environm Engn Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China China Univ Geosci Dept Water Resource & Environm Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Irkutsk State Univ Lab Hydrochem & Ecol Studies Irkutsk 664033 Russia

This paper reports our work on the strontium hydrogeochemistry of thermal groundwa-ters in the Baikal Rift System (BRS) in Russia and Mongolia and the Xinzhou basin of the Shanxi Rift System (SRS) in northern China. Though similar in geological background, groundwaters from the BRS and the Xinzhou basin have different strontium isotope compositions. Both the strontium contents and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of thermal water samples from Xinzhou are higher than those of most samples from Baikal. The major reason is the difference in hostrock geochemistry. The hos-trocks of the Xinzhou waters are Archaean metamorphic rocks, while those of the Baikal waters except the Kejielikov spring are Proterozoic or younger rocks. In the study areas, cold groundwaters usually show lower 87Sr/86Sr ratio due to shorter water-rock interaction history and lower equilibration degree. Strontium hydrogeochemistry often provides important information about mixing processes. Ca/Sr ratio can be used as an important hydrogeochemical parameter. Case studies at Xinzhou show that thermal waters with lowest Ca/Sr ratios are most weakly affected by mixing with shallow groundwaters, as supported by our hydrochemical and sulfur isotope studies.

关键词： strontium isotope groundwater hydrogeology water-rock interactions Baikal Shanxi.

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Experimental study of gold activation-transportation in the process of potash metasomatism-alteration——North China platform gold deposit taken as an example

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Science China Earth Sciences 2001年第1期44卷 64-76页

作者：王玉荣胡受奚 Guangzhou Geochemistry Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China State key Laboratory of Endogenetic Mineralization Mechanism Geological Department Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Chemical reactions of plagioclase, biotite and their single minerals, as well as a mineral mixture of (plagioclase +biotite+quartz), with KCI and (KCI+KHCO3) solutions were carried out at 150-400℃ and 50-80 MPa. Experiments show that alkaline fluid promotes plagioclase's changing into potash feldspar, while acid fluid helps plagioclase, potash feldspar and biotite alteration form chlorite and sericite. After chemical reaction the acidity-alkalinity of solutions often changes reversely. It was observed that gold dissolved from the tube wall and recrystallized on the surfaces of biotite and pyrite. Therefore the transportation and enrichment of gold are related to the elementary effect of the fluid-mineral interfaces. Fe3+-Fe2+, as an oxidition-reduction agent, and volatile components CI- and CO2 play important roles in the reaction process.

关键词： gold deposit fluid, water-rock reaction, experimental study.

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