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Energy Savings Estimation of a Distribution System in Presence of Intelligent volt-var control Based on IEEE Std.1547-2018

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第5期8卷 1477-1486页

作者： Saran Satsangi G.B.Kumbhar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeUttarakhandIndia

In the present scenario,many solar photovoltaic(SPV)systems have been installed in the distribution network,most of them are operating at the unity power factor,which does not provide any reactive power support.In future distribution grids,there will be significant advances in operating strategies of SPV systems with the introduction of smart inverter functions.The new IEEE Std.1547-2018 incorporates dynamic volt/var control(VVC)for smart inverters.These smart inverters can inject or absorb reactive power and maintain voltages at points of common coupling(PCCs)based on local voltage measurements.With multiple inverter-interfaced SPV systems connected to the grid,it becomes a necessary task to develop local,distributed or hybrid VVC algorithms for maximization of energy savings.This paper aims to estimate substation energy savings through centralized and decentralized control of inverters of SPV system alongside various VVC devices.control strategies of each SPV inverter have been accomplished in compliance with IEEE Std.1547-2018.Time-series simulations are carried out on the modified IEEE-123 node test system.By utilizing smart inverters in traditional SPV systems,considerable energy savings can be obtained.These savings can be further increased by incorporating optimal intelligent VVC characteristics(IVVCC).Results show that just by allowing smart inverters on a predefined IVVCC(as per IEEE Std.1547-2018),a reduction of 11.69%in reactive demand and 5.63%in active demand have been acquired when compared with a conventional SPV system.Reactive energy demand is additionally reduced to 48.42%by considering centralized control of VVC devices alongside optimal IVVCC.

关键词： Conservation voltage reduction IEEE Std.1547-2018 smart inverter functions solar photovoltaic system volt/var control volt/var optimization

Pareto Front Analysis Method for Optimization of PV Inverter Based volt/var control Considering Inverter Lifetime

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第1期9卷 111-121页

作者： Qingmian Chai Cuo Zhang Yan Xu Zhao Yang Dong Rui Zhang School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications The University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Electrical and Information Engineering The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University639798Singapore

Photovoltaic(PV)inverter-based volt/var control(VVC)is highly promising to tackle the emerging voltage regulation challenges brought by increasing PV penetration.However,PV inverter operational reliability has arisen as a critical concern for practical VVC implementation.This paper proposes a new PV inverter based VVC optimization model and a Pareto front analysis method for maintaining a satisfactory inverter lifetime.First,reliability of the vulnerable DC-link capacitor inside a PV inverter is analyzed,and long-term VVC impact on inverter operational reliability is identified.Second,a multi-objective PV inverter based VVC optimization model is proposed for minimizing both inverter apparent power output and network power loss with a weighting factor.Third,a Pareto front analysis method is developed to visualize the impact of the weighting factor on VVC performance and inverter reliability,thus determining the effective weighting factor to reduce network power loss with expected inverter lifetime.Effectiveness of the proposed VVC optimization model and Pareto front analysis method are verified in a case study.

关键词： Distribution network inverter reliability analysis pareto front analysis photovoltaic stochastic optimization volt/var control

Research on volt/var control of Distribution Networks Based on PPO Algorithm

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工程与科学中的计算机建模（英文） 2023年第1期134卷 599-609页

作者： Chao Zhu Lei Wang Dai Pan Zifei Wang Tao Wang Licheng Wang Chengjin Ye State Grid Zhejiang Economic and Technological Research Institute Hangzhou310008China College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310023China College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China

In this paper,a model free volt/var control(VVC)algorithm is developed by using deep reinforcement learning(DRL).We transform the VVC problem of distribution networks into the network framework of PPO algorithm,in order to avoid directly solving a large-scale nonlinear optimization problem.We select photovoltaic inverters as agents to adjust system voltage in a distribution network,taking the reactive power output of inverters as action variables.An appropriate reward function is designed to guide the interaction between photovoltaic inverters and the distribution network environment.OPENDSS is used to output system node voltage and network loss.This method realizes the goal of optimal VVC in distribution network.The IEEE 13-bus three phase unbalanced distribution system is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has excellent performance in voltage and reactive power regulation of a distribution network.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning voltage regulation unbalance distribution systems high photovoltaic permeability photovoltaic inverter volt/var control

Effects of the Reactive Power Injection on the Grid—The Rise of the volt/var Interaction Chain

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2016年第7期7卷 217-232页

作者： Albana Ilo Institute for Energy Systems and Electrical Drives TU Wien Vienna Austria

The major challenge to increase the decentralized generation share in distribution grids is the maintenance of the voltage within the limits. The inductive power injection is widely used as a remedial measure. The main aim of this paper is to study the effect of the reactive power injection (by what-ever means) on radial grid structures and their impact on the voltage of the higher voltage-level grids. various studies have shown that, in addition to the major local effect on the voltage at the injection point, the injection of the reactive power on a feeder has a global effect, which cannot be neglected. The reactive power flow and the voltage on the higher voltage level grid are significantly affected. In addition, a random effect is introduced by the DGs which are connected through inverters (using wind or PVs). Although their operation is in accordance with the grid code, a volatile reactive power flow circulates on the grid. Finally, this study proposes the implementation of the “volt/var secondary control” interaction chain in order to increase the distributed generation share at every distribution voltage level, be it medium or low voltage, and at the same time to guarantee a stable operation of the power grid. Features of volt/var secondary control loops ensure a resilient behavior of the whole chain.

关键词： Distributed Generation LINK-Architecture Smart Grid Transmission Grid volt/var control volt/var Interdependencies