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Impacts of the unsaturation degree of long-chain fatty acids on the volatile fatty acid profiles of rumen microbial fermentation in goats in vitro

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2827-2833页

作者： GAO Jian WANG Meng-zhi JING Yu-jia SUN Xue-zhao WU Tian-yi SHI Liang-feng College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Grasslands Research Centre AgResearch Ltd.

This study investigated the impacts of the degree of unsaturation （unsaturity） of long-chain fatty acids on volatile fatty acid （VFA） profiles of rumen fermentation in vitro. Six types of long-chain fatty acids, including stearic acid （C18：0, control group）, oleic acid （C18：1, n-9）, linoleic acid （C18：2, n-6）, a-linolenic acid （C18：3, n-3）, arachidonic acid （C20：4, n-6） and eicosapentaenoic acid （C20：5, n-3）, were tested. Rumen fluid from three goats fitted with ruminal fistulae was used as inoculum and the inclusion rate of long-chain fatty acid was at 3% （w/w） of substrate. Samples were taken for VFA analysis at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. The analysis showed that there were significant differences in the total VFA among treatments, sampling time points, and treatment×time point interactions （P〈0.01）. a-Linolenic acid had the highest total VFA （P〈0.01） among different long-chain fatty acids tested. The molar proportion of acetate in total VFA significantly differed among treatments （P〈0.01） and sampling time points （P〈0.01）, but not treatment×time point interactions （P〉0.05）. In contrast, the molar proportion of propionate did not differ among treatments during the whole incubation （P〉0.05）. However, for butyrate molar proportions, significant differences were found not only among sampling time points but also among treatments and treatment×time point interactions （P〈0.01）, with eicosapentaenoic acid having the highest value （P〈0.01）. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found in the acetate to propionate ratios among treatments groups （P〉0.05）, even the treatments stearic acid and a-linolenic acid were numerically higher than the others. The inclusion of 3% long-chain unsaturated fatty acids differing in the degree of unsaturation brought out a significant quadratic regression relation between the total VFA concentration and the double bond number of fatty acid. In conclusion, the a-linolenic acid with 3 double

关键词： volatile fatty acid unsaturation degree long-chain fatty acid in vitro fermentation

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Comparisons of blood biochemical parameters,digestive enzyme activities and volatile fatty acid profile between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第4期1卷 289-292页

作者： Shouqing Ma Meilei Ma Chunlong Mu Kaifan Yu Weiyun Zhu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology College of Animal Science Nanjing Agricultural University

This study was conducted to compare physiological characteristics between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets in their early lives. Six healthy purebred Meishan sows and Yorkshire sows with close farrowing dates were used in this research. The piglets sucked their respective sow’s milk for 14 days, then they were slaughtered to collect samples of blood, pancreas, contents of stomach, jejunum, cecum, colon as well as feces for analysis of blood biochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and volatile fatty acid(VFA). The results showed that Yorkshire piglets had higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and total cholesterol(TC)(P < 0.05). Gastric lipase activity was higher in Meishan piglets but Yorkshire piglets had higher lactase activity(P < 0.05). The total VFA together with acetate and propionate in cecum and colon were higher in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P < 0.05),but acetate in jejunum and ratio of acetate to propionate in colon were lower in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P < 0.05). In conclusion, in early suckling period, significant differences exist in host metabolism and intestinal microbial metabolism between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets.

关键词： Blood biochemical parameters Digestive enzyme activity volatile fatty acid Meishan piglets Yorkshire piglets

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Microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus as renewable biomass feedstock for electricity generation in microbial fuel cells （MFCs）

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第5期8卷 784-791页

作者： Sanath KONDAVEETI Kwang Soon CHO Ramesh KAKARLA Booki MIN Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea

Renewable algae biomass, Scenedesmus obliquus, was used as substrate for generating electricity in two chamber microbial fuel cells （MFCs）. From polarization test, maximum power density with pretreated algal biomass was 102mW·m^2 （951mW·m^3） at current generation of 276mA·m^-2. The individual electrode potential as a function of current generation suggested that anodic oxidation process of algae substrate had limitation for high current generation in MFC. Total chemical oxygen demand （TCOD） reduction of 74% was obtained when initial TCOD concentration was 534mg · L^-1 for 150 h of operation. The main organic compounds of algae oriented biomass were lactate and acetate, which were mainly used for electricity generation. Other byproducts such as propionate and butyrate were formed at a negligible amount. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy （EIS） analysis pinpointed the charge transfer resistance （112Ω ） of anode electrode, and the exchange current density of anode electrode was 1214 nA·cm^-2.

关键词： microbial fuel cell (MFC) algae bioelectricity substrate volatile fatty acid biomass COD removalefficiency

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Feeding citrus flavonoid extracts decreases bacterial endotoxin and systemic inflammation and improves immunometabolic status by modulating hindgut microbiome and metabolome in lactating dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 386-400页

作者： Yuchao Zhao Shiqiang Yu Liuxue Li Huiying Zhao Yuqin Li Linshu Jiang Ming Liu Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition Animal Science and Technology CollegeBeijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China Beijing Beinong Enterprise Management Co. Ltd.Beijing102206China

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with citrus flavonoid extracts(CFE)on milk performance,serum biochemistry parameters,fecal volatile fatty acids,fecal microbial community,and fecal metabolites in dairy *** multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design(21-day period).Cows were fed a basal diet without addition(CON)or basal diet with added CFE at 50(CFE50),100(CFE10),and 150 g/d(CFE150).Feeding CFE up to 150 g/d increased milk yield and milk lactose *** CFE linearly decreased milk somatic cell *** cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-2,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)concentrations decreased linearly as the levels of CFE *** in CFE150 had lower serum lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein compared with *** results indicate feeding CFE decreased systemic inflammation and endotoxin levels in dairy ***,feeding CFE linearly increased the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids,acetate,and butyrate in *** relative abundances of beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium spp.,Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale group,and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in feces increased linearly with increasing CFE *** diversity and community structure of fecal microbiota were un-affected by CFE ***,supplementing CFE reduced the relative abundances of genera Ruminococcus_torques_group,Roseburia,and Lachnospira,but increased genera Bacteroides and *** analysis showed that supplementary CFE resulted in a significant modification in the fecal metabolites *** with CON,fecal naringenin,hesperetin,hippuric acid,and sphingosine concentrations were greater in CFE150 cows,while fecal GlcCer(d18:1/20:0),Cer(d18:0/24:0),Cer(d18:0/22:0),sphinganine,and deoxycholic acid concentrations were less in CFE150 *** pathway analysis s

关键词： Citrus flavonoid Dairy cow Fecal microbiota Systemic inflammation volatile fatty acid

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The role of lipids in fermentative propionate production from the co-fermentation of lipid and food waste

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第7期17卷 107-118页

作者： Niyou Xu Ting Chen Jun Yin School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310012China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling Hangzhou 310012China

Food waste(FW)is a promising renewable low-cost biomass substrate for enhancing the economic feasibility of fermentative propionate *** lipids,a common component of food waste,can be used as a carbon source to enhance the production of volatile fatty acids(VFAs)during co-fermentation,few studies have evaluated the potential for directional propionate production from the co-fermentation of lipids and *** this study,co-fermentation experiments were conducted using different combinations of lipids and FW for VFA *** contributions of lipids and FW to propionate production,hydrolysis of substrates,and microbial composition *** were *** results revealed that lipids shifted the fermentation type of FW from butyric to propionic acid *** on the estimated propionate production kinetic parameters,the maximum propionate productivity increased significantly with an increase in lipid content,reaching 6.23 g propionate/(L·d)at a lipid content of 50%.Propionate-producing bacteria Prevotella,Veillonella,and norank f Propionibacteriaceae were enriched in the presence of lipids,and the succinate pathway was identified as a prominent fermentation route for propionate ***,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotation revealed that the expression of functional genes associated with amino acid metabolism was enhanced by the presence of ***,these findings will contribute to gaining a better understanding of targeted propionate production from FW.

关键词： acidogenic fermentation Microbial community volatile fatty acid Propionate Foodwaste Lipid

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Improved energy recovery from dark fermented cane molasses using microbial fuel cells

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014年第1期8卷 43-54页

作者： Soumya Pandit Balachandar G Debabrata Das Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal India

A major limitation associated with fermenta- tive hydrogen production is the low substrate conversion efficiency. This limitation can be overcome by integrating the process with a microbial fuel cell （MFC） which converts the residual energy of the substrate to electricity. Studies were carried out to check the feasibility of this integration. Biohydrogen was produced from the fermen- tation of cane molasses in both batch and continuous modes. A maximum yield of about 8.23 mol Hz/kg CODremoved was observed in the batch process compared to 11.6 mol Hz/kg CODremoved in the continuous process. The spent fermentation media was then used as a substrate in an MFC for electricity generation. The MFC parameters such as the initial anolyte pH, the substrate concentration and the effect ofpre-treatment were studied and optimized to maximize coulombic efficiency. Reductions in COD and total carbohydrates were about 85% and 88% respectively. A power output of 3.02 W/m3 was obtained with an anolyte pH of 7.5 using alkali pre-treated spent media. The results show that integrating a MFC with dark fermentation is a promising way to utilize the substrate energy.

关键词： dark fermentation biohydrogen microbialfuel cell volatile fatty acid anolyte

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A Study on the Mechanism Regulating Acetate to Propionate Ratio in Rumen Fermentation by Dietary Carbohydrate Type

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2020年第8期11卷 369-390页

作者： Xueyan Lin Zhiyong Hu Shizhe Zhang Guanwen Cheng Qiuling Hou Yun Wang Zhengui Yan Kerong Shi Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural University Taian China

The research direction of our team is nutrition and physiology of ruminants, including dietary nutrition metabolism and rumen microorganisms. Previous research has shown that ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio is related to diet utilization efficiency. At present, it is believed that the main factors affecting the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio are the degradation rate of the diet and the rumen microbial structure, but the main mechanism is unclear. This study found that the effect of ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected by the concentration of the fermentation substrate, but was affected by the structure of the rumen microbiota. We believe that changes in the rumen microflora structure are the main mechanism for regulating the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio. This will help people to further understand the rumen physiology, thereby gradually improving feed conversion efficiency and reducing production costs. Abstract: In order to explore the mechanism by which diet regulates the acetate-to-propionate molar ratio (A: P ratio), we compared the effect on rumen fermentation parameters and the microbiome by altering the ratio of dietary concentrates to roughage ratio and calcium pyruvate infusion. The test animals were Laoshan dairy goats, and were fed continuously through an automatic feeder. The test groups were fed a base diet of low concentrates, and intraruminally infused with calcium pyruvate at two concentrations. The infusion concentrations were derived from the difference in the rate of carbohydrate degradation of the high and low concentrate diets, and they were artificially set such that the high concentration infusion group was infused with twice the concentration as the low concentration infus

关键词： Rumen Acetic acid Propionate Ratio Calcium Pyruvate Rumen Microbiome volatile fatty acid

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Effects of Encapsulated Enzyme and Yeast Products on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2022年第2期29卷 28-37页

作者： Zhang Mei-mei Liang Ge-ge Chen Ming-ming Jin Long Xie Xiao-lai Zhang Yong-gen Jiao Pei-xin College of Animal Sciences and Technology Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridge T1J 4B1Canada

Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were conducted to evaluate the effects of encapsulated yeast(+EY)and encapsulated enzyme(+EE)using plant proteins(barley and oats grain)on rumen fermentation in vitro,investigate the abilities of encapsulated yeast and encapsulated enzyme to prevent rumen digestion in *** of the study were the control,+EY,+EE products(3.33 mg·mL^(-1) of the incubation medium),unencapsulated yeast(-EY)and enzyme(-EE)products(0.17 and 0.17μL·mL^(-1) of the incubation medium,respectively).+EY group increased dry matter disappearance(DMD,Pvolatile fatty acids(TVFA,P<0.01)at 3 h of the incubation compared with the control,regardless of encapsulation of *** production(GP)of+EY group was higher(P=0.05,29.94 mL·mL^(-1) organic matter,OM)than that of the control(25.08 mL·g^(-1) OM)at 3 h of the ***+EY increased DMD(P=0.04,0.394 vs 0.352,respectively)and acetic proportion(P=0.04,52.6 vs 49.8 mol•100 mL^(-1),respectively)at 6 h of the incubation and increased A:P ratio(P<0.01,3.11 and 2.86,respectively)at 24 h of the incubation,as compared to unencapsulation of *** of enzyme had higher(P≤0.04)GP,DMD and TVFA at 3 and 6 h of the incubation compared with the control,regardless of ***,the addition of+EE produced greater GP at 6(P<0.01,92.35 vs 78.21 mL·g^(-1) OM,respectively),12(218.47 vs 159.18 mL·g^(-1) OM)and 24 h(380.97 vs 297.78 mL·g^(-1) OM,respectively)of the incubation,higher DMD(0.347 vs 0.313,respectively)at 3 h of the incubation as compared to-EE *** study showed that the encapsulation might protect part of yeast and enzyme from releasing to the rumen throughout the digestion in vitro,resulting in higher or no difference of rumen fermentation parameters compared with unencapsulated groups at any incubation *** comparison with-EY and-EE,the higher rumen fermentation parameters at the early incubation time were observed,which could be

关键词： dry matter digestion encapsulated enzyme encapsulated yeast gas production in vitro volatile fatty acid

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