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Taxonomic revision of the Savanna Nightjar(Caprimulgus affinis)complex based on vocalizations reveals three species

Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 526-533页

作者： George Sangster Kim Manzon Cancino Robert O.Hutchinson Naturalis Biodiversity Center Darwinweg 2PO Box 95172300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands N.Espino Street PoblacionBugallonPangasinanPhilip-pines Birdtour Asia Ltd 26 Sutton AvenueChellastonDerby DE736RJUK

Background:The Savanna Nightjar(Caprimulgus affinis)is a widespread,polytypic species which was previously treated as two or three *** is currently treated as a single species based on superficial similarity of their songs but no detailed comparisons of the songs in this complex have been ***:A total of 15 acoustic variables were measured for the songs of 86 individuals representing 8 of the 10 subspecies in the ***:Three major groups can be distinguished based on univariate and multivariate analyses:a northern group consisting of the subspecies ***,*** and ***;a southern group consisting of ***,***,*** and ***;and a third group in the Philippines consisting of ***:It is here argued that these groups are best treated as species,and that Franklin's Nightjar(***)and Kayumanggi Nightjar(***)are reinstated as separate species.

关键词： Caprimulgidae Macrogeograpic variation Taxonomy vocalizations

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Behavioral and neural auditory thresholds in a frog

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 333-341页

作者： Ryan C.TAYLOR Karin AKRE Walter WILCZYNSKI Michael J.RYAN Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA

vocalizations play a critical role in mate recognition and mate choice in a number of taxa, especially, but not limited to, orthopterans, frogs, and birds. But receivers can only recognize and prefer sounds that they can hear. Thus a fundamental question linking neurobiology and sexual selection asks-what is the threshold for detecting acoustic sexual displays? In this study, we use 3 methods to assess such thresholds in tdngara frogs: behavioral responses, auditory brainstem responsesz and multi unit electrophysiological recordi ngs from the *** show that thresholds are lowest for multiunit recordings (ca. 45 dB SPL), and then for behavioral responses (ca. 61 dB SPL), with auditory brainstem responses exhibiting the highest thresholds (ca. 71 dB SPL). We discuss why these estimates differ and why, as with other studies, it is unlikely that they should be the same. Although all of these studies estimate thresholds they are not measuring the same thresholds;behavioral thresholds are based on signal salienee whereas the 2 neural assays estimate physiological thresholds. All 3 estimates, however, make it clear that to have an appreciation for detection and salienee of acoustic signals we must listen to those signals through the ears of the receivers.

关键词： anurans auditory brainstem responses auditory thresholds mate choice Physalaemus pustulosus signal recog nition thresholds sexual selection tungara frogs vocalizations

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Effects of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Inhibition on Anxiety Behavior in Neonatal Rats Selectively Bred for an Infantile Affective Trait

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第9期5卷 859-864页

作者： Amanda L. Schott Betty Zimmerberg Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience Williams College Williamstown USA

Interest in understanding the etiology and developing new treatments for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents has led to recent studies of neurotransmitters not traditionally associated with neural pathways for fear and anxiety. The binding of the neurotransmitter substance P (SP) to its neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor may be a crucial component in mediating the anxiety response. While previous studies using rodent models have documented the anxiolytic effects of SP antagonists, the role of individual differences in affective temperament has not yet been examined in studies of drug response. This study used intracerebroventricular injections of the NK1 antagonist Spantide II at concentrations of 10 and 100 pmol to examine the consequences of blocking the SP-NK1 pathway in high and low line rats selectively bred for high or low levels of ultrasonic distress calls after a brief maternal separation. Affective temperament was a significant factor in determining drug response. Spantide II resulted in a significant reduction of distress calls in subjects in the high anxiety line, while low line subjects with low anxiety were resistant to the drug. These data indicate that the SP-NK1 pathway could be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of various stress disorders, but drug response might be influenced by the individual’s state anxiety or history of chronic stress.

关键词： Anxiety Substance P Neurokinin Receptor Spantide Ultrasonic vocalizations

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Information processing in auditory cortex

Information processing in auditory cortex

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Xiao-Qin WANG~(1,2) 1 Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Johns Hopkins University 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering,Tsinghua University

＜正＞In contrast to visual and somatosensory systems,the auditory system has a longer subcortical pathway between the sensory receptor and the cerebral *** unique organization reflects the needs of the auditory system to process complex acoustic signals using strategies that are different from those used by other sensory *** visual and somatosensory systems,the auditory system must also process signals that are self-produced such as human speech and animal vocalizations.I will discuss in my talk recent discoveries on cortical coding of acoustic information and neural mechanisms involved in vocal feedback control and learning in the primate brain.

关键词： auditory cortex hearing sensory system speech vocalizations marmoset

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