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New Scenarios for a Shift towards Agroecology in Viticulture

Agricultural Sciences 2021年第10期12卷 1003-1033页

作者： Nawel Aouadi Francis Macary Laurent Delière Jean-Philippe Roby INRAE ETBX F-33612 Cestas France INRAE SAVE Bordeaux Sciences Agro Univ. Bordeaux F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon France INRAE UE Vigne Bordeaux F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon France INRAE EGFV Bordeaux Sciences Agro Univ. Bordeaux F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon France

In the light of its negative impacts on the environment and human health, conventional agriculture is currently facing new challenges;for example, reducing pesticide reliance, improving biodiversity, adapting to climate change and reconciling winegrowers with consumers, which require changes to be made to vineyard management. A shift towards more sustainable agriculture via the development of agroecological systems may be key to meeting these environmental, economic and social challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of existing viticultural systems, as well as that of three new scenarios that we built to change conventional vine production systems and their related practices. The end aim is to adopt the principles of agroecology, and more virtuously, to ensure that vine production remains in line with societal expectations. First, thirty-eight different viticultural systems were chosen. Three realistic scenarios for changing these production systems were then built by working with stakeholders and incorporating the best practices that had been identified in the vineyard. Conventional practices were optimised in the first scenario and an agroecological approach was adopted for the other two scenarios: an Agroecological scenario (using synthetic chemicals) and an Agroecological-Bio scenario (organic system). All three scenarios were based on a combination of good practices which contribute to enhancing vineyard biodiversity, and which thus restore biological regulation and in turn reduce pesticides. The viticultural systems performances have been evaluated with a methodology involving multicriteria decision aid using ELECTRE Tri-C and ELECTRE III methods. Seven evaluation criteria were selected which covered socio-economic performance (economic profitability, workload and system complexity) and environmental performance (pesticide pressure, pesticide ecotoxicity, agroecological practices and pesticide drift). The best performances were achieved by the

关键词： viticultural system Agroecology Biodiversity Pesticides Multicriteria Decision Aid Methods ELECTRE Methods

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