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Early ERP effects on the scaling of spatial attention in visual search

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第4期18卷 381-386页

作者： Ya-Nan Niu a,b, Jing-Han Wei a, Yue-Jia Luo a,c, a Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China b Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China c State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xin-wai Avenue, Beijing 100875, China Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University 19 Xin-wai Avenue Beijing 100875 China

This article describes the examination of the spatial ’scaling’ effect of visual attention with the technique of event-related potential (ERP). Eighteen participants were involved in a visual search task in which the cue-target paradigm was used. The search array was three concentric circles consisting of randomly selected English letters that were equally distributed in each circle. The behavioral and ERP data were recorded, respectively. The behavioral results showed that the response time increased and the response accuracy decreased with the increase of precue size. The ERPs amplitude of P1 and N1 components evoked by search array increased with the reduction of precue size. However, the latencies of these ERP components did not show significant differences between conditions. The hierarchical data of both behavioral assessment and ERPs provided evidence for the spatial ’scaling’ effect of visual attention. The amplitudes of P1 and N1 components may be used as indices to examine the effect of spatial ’scaling’. In different tasks, the display-set size of stimuli and the task complexity may be important factors that affect the attention allocation.

关键词： visual search Spatial attention ‘Scaling’ effect Event-related potential

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Modulation of Neuronal Activity and Saccades at Theta Rhythm During visual search in Non-human Primates

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第10期38卷 1183-1198页

作者： Jin Xie Ting Yan Jie Zhang Zhengyu Ma Huihui Zhou The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsShenzhen518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China The Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen518000China

Active exploratory behaviors have often been associated with theta oscillations in rodents,while theta oscillations during active exploration in non-human primates are still not well *** recorded neural activities in the frontal eye field(FEF)and V4 simultaneously when monkeys performed a free-gaze visual search *** were strongly phase-locked to theta oscillations of V4 and FEF local field potentials,and the phase-locking was dependent on saccade *** spiking probability of V4 and FEF units was significantly modulated by the theta phase in addition to the time-locked modulation associated with the evoked response.V4 and FEF units showed significantly stronger responses following saccades initiated at their preferred *** causality and ridge regression analysis showed modulatory effects of theta oscillations on saccade ***,our study suggests phase-locking of saccades to the theta modulation of neural activity in visual and oculomotor cortical areas,in addition to the theta phase locking caused by saccade-triggered responses.

关键词： visual search Saccade Theta rhythm FEF V4 Non-human primate

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Key Technologies in Mobile visual search and MPEG Standardization Activities

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ZTE Communications 2012年第2期10卷 57-66页

作者： Ling- Yu Duan Jie Chen Chunyu Wang Rongrong Ji Tiejun Huang Wen Gao Institute of Digital Media Peking University Beijing 100871 China

visual search has been a long-standing problem in applications such as location recognition and product search. Much research has been done on image representation, matching, indexing, and retrieval. Key component technologies for visual search have been developed, and numerous real-world applications are emerging. To ensure application interoperability, the Moving Picture Experts Group （MPEG） has begun standardizing visuaJ search technologies and is developing the compact descriptors for visua） search （CDVS） standard. MPEG seeks to develop a collaborative platform for evaluating existing visual search technologies. Peking University has participated in this standardization since the 94th MPEG meeting, and significant progress has been made with the various proposals. A test model （TM） has been selected to determine the basic pipeline and key components of visual search. However, the first-version TM has high computational complexity and imperfect retrieval and matching. Core experiments have therefore been set up to improve TM. In this article, we summarize key technologies for visual search and report the progress of MPEG CDVS. We discuss Peking University＇ s efforts in CDVS and also discuss unresolved issues.

关键词： visual search mobile visual descriptors low bit rate compression

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Analysis on the Efficiency of visual search of Taekwondo Athletes with Trait Anxiety

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Review of Global Academics 2015年第2期2卷 558-560页

作者： Liu Shangli Department of Psychology of Southwest University Beibei Chongqing

In order to discuss the efficiency of visual search of the taekwondo athletes with different kinds of trait anxieties, this article has selected 30 taekwondo athletes with high trait anxieties and another 30 ones with low trait anxieties as the testees so as to conduct respective investigations on their visual search reaction time and accuracy of reaction. The results show that the reaction time of individuals with high trait anxieties is significantly longer than that of the individuals with low trait anxieties; the reaction time under threatening stimuli is significantly longer than that under no conditions of threatening stimuli; the reaction accuracy rate of visual search reaction of taekwondo athletes under threatening stimuli is significantly lower than that under no threatening stimuli.

关键词： trait anxiety visual search athletes

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*** on central *** vision for visual search in younger and older adults

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Annals of Eye Science 2019年第1期 186-186页

作者： Anne-Sophie Laurin Julie Ouerfelli-Éthier Laure Pisella Aarlenne Khan Department of Psychology University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada School of Optometry University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada ImpAct INSERM UM1028CNRS UMR 5292BronFrance

Background:It has been suggested that older adults show a reduced attentional field compared to younger *** may be attributed to a poorer utilization of peripheral vision(i.e.,peripheral attentional allocation)and a higher reliance on central vision compared to younger *** test this,we examined the importance of central,peri-foveal and near periphery information in younger and older adults by comparing their visual search performance while their central vision was blocked,in the presence of different sized artificial central *** tested participants in two versions of visual search,pop-out and serial search,because they require a different use of central and peripheral ***-out search relies on processing of the entire visual scene(i.e.,global processing)whereas serial search requires processing of each feature serially(i.e.,local processing).Methods:Thirteen healthy younger(M=21.8,SD=1.5)and 15 older adults(M=69.1 years,SD=7.3)performed a pop-out and a serial version of a visual search task in the presence of different sized gaze-contingent artificial central scotomas(no scotoma,3°diameter,5°and 7°).Participants were asked to indicate as quickly as possible whether a target was present or not among distractors whose number varied(16,32 or 64 objects).Results:We found evidence for a greater decline in peripheral processing in older adults compared to younger in pop-out but not in serial *** the pop-out condition with no scotoma,we found that the further the target in the periphery,the longer the search time,and that this increase was proportionally greater for older adults compared to younger ***,increases in scotoma size were associated with a greater increase in reaction times for older adults compared to younger *** the serial condition,both groups showed similar increases in reaction times with target distance from center and scotoma *** surmise that this may be due to task difficulty in serial sea

关键词： visual search spatial attention peripheral central aging

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*** attentional allocation during visual search in the presence of an artificial scotoma in younger and older adults

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 466-466页

作者： Anne-Sophie Laurin Trang Tran Gunnar Blohm Laure Pisella Aarlenne Z.Khan Department of Neuroscience Universitéde MontréalQCCanada Department of Psychology Universitéde MontréalQCCanada ImpAct Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de LyonFrance École d’Optométrie Universitéde MontréalQCCanada

Background:Age related macular degeneration(AMD)is one of the main causes of vision loss in older adults,generating,in most cases,a central scotoma that reduces central visual acuity(Noble&Chaudhary,2010).People affected by AMD have to rely on peripheral visual information and would highly benefit from efficiently allocating their attention to the ***,attention can improve peripheral spatial resolution(Carrasco,Ling&Read,2004)and can be allocated to a certain expanse of space outside of the central visual span,known as the attentional *** span has been shown to be decreased in people with AMD with less attention allocated to the periphery and more to the central visual field(Cheong et al.,2008),however it remains unknown whether aging is also a contributing ***:Fourteen healthy younger(mean age=21.8 years,SD=1.5)and 8 older adults(mean age=69.6 years,SD=7.3)performed a pop-out and a serial version of a visual search task,in the presence of different sized gaze-contingent invisible and visible artificial central scotomata(no scotoma,3°diameter,5°and 7°).Participants were asked to indicate as quickly as possible whether a target was present or not among distractors whose number varied(16,32 or 64 objects).We wished to determine whether the size of the scotoma,occluding different degrees of central vision,affected visual search differently for younger *** ***:Both the younger and older participants showed higher reaction times(RTs)to find the target for the serial version(M=2,074 ms for younger adults,M=3,853 ms for older adults)compared to the pop-out version(M=866 ms,M=1,475 ms,P<0.001)and for more distractors(32 distractors compared to 16,and 64 compared to 32,P<0.01).Older adults showed longer RTs than younger adults for both versions of the task(P<0.01).We found a significant effect of scotoma size on older adults(3°scotoma M=3,276 ms;7°scotoma M=3,877 ms,P<0.05),however,accurate performance was higher wit

关键词： visual attention scotoma visual search

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Color and Shape efficiency for outlier detection from automated to user evaluation

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visual Informatics 2022年第2期6卷 25-40页

作者： Loann Giovannangeli Romain Bourqui Romain Giot David Auber Univ.Bordeaux CNRSBordeaux INPINRIALaBRIUMR 5800F-33400 TalenceFrance

The design of efficient representations is well established as a fruitful way to explore and analyze complex or large *** these representations,data are encoded with various visual attributes depending on the needs of the representation *** make coherent design choices about visual attributes,the visual search field proposes guidelines based on the human brain’s perception of ***,information visualization representations frequently need to depict more data than the amount these guidelines have been validated ***,the information visualization community has extended these guidelines to a wider parameter *** paper contributes to this theme by extending visual search theories to an information visualization *** consider a visual search task where subjects are asked to find an unknown outlier in a grid of randomly laid out *** are defined by color and shape features for the purpose of visually encoding categorical *** experimental protocol is made of a parameters space reduction step(i.e.,sub-sampling)based on a machine learning model,and a user evaluation to validate hypotheses and measure capacity *** results show that the major difficulty factor is the number of visual attributes that are used to encode the *** redundantly encoded,the display heterogeneity has no effect on the *** encoded with one attribute,the difficulty depends on that attribute heterogeneity until its capacity limit(7 for color,5 for shape)is ***,when encoded with two attributes simultaneously,performances drop drastically even with minor heterogeneity.

关键词： visual search Outlier detection User evaluation Deep learning Automated evaluation

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Exploration behavior of group-in-a-box layouts

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visual Informatics 2019年第1期3卷 38-47页

作者： Yuki Ueno Hiroaki Natsukawa Nozomi Aoyama Koji Koyamada Department of Electrical Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan

To improve visualization,it is necessary to optimize the design by analyzing the behavior of users as well as improving the evaluation index of the computational experiment and the task performance(e.g.,the correct answer rate and completion time)in the user *** various studies have investigated the influence of user behavior on the evaluation of visualization,majority of these studies focused on simple visualization tasks.A simple task does not indicate a simple visualization comprising a few visualization elements but a task in which the information obtained from visualization is the only clue for completing the ***,a few studies have targeted complicated tasks in which multiple information obtained from visualization is considered to be a clue for completing the task regardless of the number of elements that are contained in the ***,in this study,we investigated the behavior of the participants who have performed complicated *** selected two types of group-in-a-box(GIB)layouts,which can be considered to be a complicated visualization method,as the target of the user *** the user experiment,participants were asked to perform an exploration task specific to GIB layouts;which group has the maximum number of intra-edges?We also collected the eye-tracking data in addition to task *** results showed that the correct answer rate is considerably affected by the visualization factor;whether the correct answer,the box with maximum number of intra-edges,is the box with the largest ***,an analysis of the collected eye-tracking data revealed that this visualization factor affected the exploration behavior of the participants;however,it did not affect the location at which the participants were focused *** obtained results indicated that the visualization elements that were not considered by the visualization designer can influence the task of extracting information from the ***

关键词： visual search Eye-tracking Group-in-a-box layout

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search Processes in the Exploration of Complex Data under Different Display Conditions

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2021年第2期9卷 51-62页

作者： Charles Tatum David Dickason Department of Psychology National University San Diego USA

The study investigated user experience, display complexity, display type (tables versus graphs), and task difficulty as variables affecting the user’s ability to navigate through complex visual data. A total of 64 participants, 39 undergraduate students (novice users) and 25 graduate students (intermediate-level users) participated in the study. The experimental design was 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 mixed design using two between-subject variables (display complexity, user experience) and two within-subject variables (display format, question difficulty). The results indicated that response time was superior for graphs (relative to tables), especially when the questions were difficult. The intermediate users seemed to adopt more extensive search strategies than novices, as revealed by an analysis of the number of changes they made to the display prior to answering questions. It was concluded that designers of data displays should consider the (a) type of display, (b) difficulty of the task, and (c) expertise level of the user to obtain optimal levels of performance.

关键词： Computer Users Data Displays Data visualization Data Tables Data Graphs visual search Data Complexity visual Displays visual Data

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The Impact of the African Culture on World Civilization

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History Research 2012年第8期2卷 490-496页

作者： Nkechi Amadife Michael Kasongo Kentucky State University Frankfort USA

Although much has been written about African contributions to world civilization, the authors would like to discuss in this paper the reasons why Africa is considered the cradle of civilizations and some specific elements of African culture found in other parts of the world. The dominant view is that the history of humankind began in Africa, particularly in East Africa （Ethiopia and Tanzania）. Human history in Africa is immensely long. In fact, both archaeological research and genetic studies strongly support the theory that the evolution of the modern human species （Homo sapiens） occurred in Africa. Thereafter, these early human beings spread rapidly from East Africa throughout Africa and the rest of the world. As they spread across the globe, the early human beings adapted to very different environments by developing the slight genetic variations which produce differences in skin color, hair, body type, and facial features. From Africa some people migrated into Asia before continuing to other parts of the world. The idea that the first Africans chose Asia when they decided to migrate provides the first link between Africans and Asians. Early Asians must be the closest cousins of the early Africans. Although there are historical, cultural, and linguistic connections between the African and Eastern Cultures, the authors will only discuss four major cultural elements. These include religious beliefs, concept of history and time, social structures, and the human body.

关键词： aging attention emotion information processing visual search

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