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Bioclinical Study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Laboratory of Virological Hemorrhagic Fever in Guinea

Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第4期12卷 168-183页

作者： Alioune Frank Magassouba Jacob Camara Amadaye Souleyman Mahamat Al-Khassim Ousmane Traoré Mamadou Alimou Touré Abdourahamane Diallo Mamadou Diallo Yacoub Ahmat Salhadiine Ayouba Conde Ahmat Lamadine Al-Hafiz N’Faly Magassouba Daman Sano Marcel Mbeko Ouendouno Mamadou Saliou Sow Mohamed Cisse Kofi Annan University of Guinea Conakry Guinea Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Donka Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of individuals confirmed to have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the laboratory of virological hemorrhagic fever in Guinea. Method: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted from March 19 to June 19, 2020, in the virological hemorrhagic fever laboratory in Guinea. Samples collected from individuals living in the Conakry region, which were positive for the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19, were included in this study. Results: Among the confirmed cases (N = 743), the males (n = 440, 59%) were more than the females (n = 303, 41%). The mean age of the confirmed cases was 33.31 ± 16.08 years. Almost all the confirmed cases (n = 515, 69.3%) had contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19. At the time of collection, 78.7% (481) of the cases were asymptomatic, while 35.3% (262) were symptomatic. At the time of the sample collection, the main symptoms were fever (51.53%), cough (49.24%), physical asthenia (46.18%), sore throat (33.2%), headache (28.62%), anosmia (9.92%), nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (5.34%), and diarrhea (1.53%). Only 2% of the cases had comorbidities, including diabetes (n = 7) and hypertension (n = 5). The viral load of the asymptomatic and symptomatic patients was similar with the cycle threshold value, all of which varied from 10 - 19, 20 - 29, and 30 - 36, respectively. In the first test, 27 samples were declared undetermined;two days later, samples were re-taken and re-tested and 18 of them were positive for COVID-19. The average length of hospitalization was 14 days for patients admitted to the hospital. On the other hand, the non- hospitalized patients isolated themselves at home for 22 days. We found an association between age and the presence of symptomatology (p Conclusion: The main clinical manifestations of COVID19 patients in our study were fever, cough, generalized myalgia, asthenia, headache, diarrhea, and dyspnea. The risk of being sym

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease viral load RT-PCR Conakry

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Very high baseline HIV viremia impairs efficacy of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART:a longterm observation in treatment-naïve patients

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 144-145页

作者： Shuai Chen Yang Han Xiao-Jing Song Yan-ling Li Ting Zhu Hong-Zhou Lu Xiao-Ping Tang Tong Zhang Min Zhao Yun He Sheng-Hua He Min Wang Yong-Zhen Li Shao-Biao Huang Yong Li Jing Liu Wei Cao Tai-Sheng Li Department of Infectious Diseases Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesNo.1 ShuaifuyuanWangfujing StreetBeijing 100730China 不详

Background:It is not completely clear whether a very high pre-therapy viral load(≥500000 copies/ml)can impair the virological response.The aim of this study was to examine the influence of very high baseline HIV-RNA levels on long-term virological responses under one type of regimen.Methods:A retrospective study was performed based on data from two multicenter cohorts in China from January to November 2009,and from May 2013 to December 2015.Untreated HIV infected adults between 18 and 65 years old were recruited before receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen.All patients had baseline HIV-RNA levels over 500 copies/ml,good adherence,and were followed for at least 24 weeks.Virological suppression was defined as the first HIV-RNAviral suppression(HIV-RNA≥200 copies/ml without virological suppression within 24 weeks of treatment)and viral rebound(confirmed HIV-RNA level≥50 copies/ml after virological suppression).Chi-square test,Kaplan–Meier analysis,Cox proportional hazards model and Logistic regression were used to compare virological response between each pretreated viral load stratum.Results:A total of 758 treatment-naïve HIV patients in China were enlisted.Median follow-up time(IQR)was 144(108–276)weeks.By week 48,rates of virological suppression in three groups(viral suppression(≥500000 vsviral rebound(≥50000 vs<100000,aOR=3.671,95%CI:1.009–13.355,P=0.048).Conclusions:Very high levels of pre-treatment HIV-RNA were related with delayed efficacy of NNRTI-based ART and increased risk of treatment failure.More potent initial regimens should be considere

关键词： HIV viral load Baseline RNA Antiretroviral therapy Treatment outcome Virologic response

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Replication priority of hepatitis C virus genotype 2a in a Chinese cohort

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第4期4卷 266-269页

作者： Zhen Yang Yongxin Yu Hongzhong Zhang Guifang Shang Jialiang Gao Jian-Dong Jiang Zonggen Peng Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 100050China Langfang Blood Center LangFang 065000China Shenzhen Blood Center Shenzhen 518035China Chengdu Blood Center Chengdu 610041China

HCV genotypes have been documented in clinical practice.The aim of this study was to determine the replication priority of different HCV genotypes in a Chinese HCV positive cohort.Serum samples from 491 apparently healthy Chinese blood donors testing positive for HCV antibodies and naive to antiviral drug therapy were tested.Genotyping analysis showed that genotypes 1b and 2a were predominant and accounted for 77.6%of the HCV infections.Among the genotype groups,individuals infected with genotype 2a had an HCV RNA viral load(108 copies/mL)about 200-fold(lg,2.3)greater than those infected with other genotypes(10^(4)–10^(5)copies/mL)indicating a replication priority of genotype 2a.However,there was no correlation between HCV genotype and antibody response suggesting that the amplification advantage of genotype 2a results from a favorable interaction with the host cellular environment.In conclusion,HCV genotypes 1b and 2a are the predominant genotypes in China and genotype 2a possesses a significant replication priority compared with the other genotypes.This suggests the existence of host cellular factors that may act as drug-targets for entirely clearing HCV infection in the future.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Genotype viral load Antibody response

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Virologic Response among Children and Adults in an Antiretroviral Therapy Programme in Northern Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2023年第4期13卷 178-192页

作者： Elon Warnow Isaac Ayomikun Ajani Mohammed Manga Abubakar Joshua Difa Oyeniyi Christianah Oluwaseun Mohammed Hassan Danlami Department of Paediatrics College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Kettering General Hospital University Hospitals of Northamptonshire Northamptonshire UK Department of Medical Microbiology College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Department of Community Medicine College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Infectious Disease Training and Research Group Gombe Nigeria Department of Molecular Microbiology Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe Nigeria

Introduction: viral load suppression is a key determinant of successful anti-retroviral therapy. The study aimed to determine virologic response to Antiretroviral therapy in the large cohort of children and adults living with Human Immune deficiency Virus. Materials and Methods: viral load results from the HIV Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase Chain Reaction register of 10,887 children and adults on cART in 4 states in Northern Nigeria between 2017 and 2019 were retrieved and analyzed in the PCR Molecular Laboratory of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. Results: 10,887 children and adults were analyzed. Males were 28.4% (3094) and 71.6% (7793) females. 2.9% (311);3.5% (386);7.3% (797);65.2% (7098);14.5% (1583);5.2% (562) and 1.3% (150) were aged 0 - 9 years, 11 - 18 years;19 - 25 years, 26 - 45 years;46 - 55 years;56 - 65 years and 10 years. The most recent CD4count before viral load request was ≥1000/μL in 7.4% (810/10887);500 -999/μL in 39.0% (4240);350 - 499 μL in 22.7% (2466) and 1000 c/mL in 26.5% (821/3094) males and 24.1% (1876/7793) females. viral load was significantly lower among females (p-value 0.007). 50.5% (157/311);52.1% (201/386);28.5% (227/797);23.5% (1670/7098);19.9% (315/1583);17.8% (100/562) and 18.0% (27/150) aged 0 - 9 years, 11 - 18 years;19 - 25 years, 26 - 45 years;46 - 55 years;56 - 65 years and 1000 c/mL respectively. viral load was >1000 c/mL in 28.2% (229/811) for those on HAART for 6 months - 1 year and 23.6% (1243/5275) after receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for 1 - 5 years. 26.3% (1072/4075) and 21.1% (153/726) had viral load > 1000 c/mL after receiving HAART for 6 - 10 and >10 years respectively (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: HIV viral suppression was below the WHO recommended threshold.

关键词： HIV cART viral load viral Suppression Children Adults Nigeria

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All five COVID-19 outbreaks during epidemic period of 2020/2021 in China were instigated by asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第1期3卷 35-40页

作者： Caixin Yang Sihui Zhang Shan Lu Jing Yang Yanpeng Cheng Yue Liu Lijun Zhao Jian Gong Jianguo Xu Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi Province 030001PR China State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206PR China Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology&Vaccine Research Center School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191PR China Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghai 201508PR China Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 102206PR China Institute of Public Health Nankai UniversityTianjinPR China

Introduction:The significance of asymptomatic or pre-asymptomatic individuals in driving the COVID-19 epidemic in China or other countries remains uncertain.Method:We collected and analyzed all the epidemiologic and virological diagnostic details of the infected individuals released by public health authorities and reiterated every episode of outbreak on a timeline.All individuals associated with the five outbreaks had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Results:In this study,all five COVID-19 outbreaks reported in China since October 2020 were analyzed.The Kashgar outbreak in Xinjiang province came into light for the first time on October 22,2020.However,it was initiated before October 11,2020,by a local asymptomatic import and export worker,who was infected at the working place.Subsequently,his wife caught the infection,which led to 430 more infections reported in the outbreak.The Beijing outbreak with 41 cases was noticed for the first time on December 22,2020.However,our analysis revealed that it was initiated by an asymptomatic individual from Indonesia on December 10,2020.The Shenyang outbreak,with 38 cases,noticed for the first time on December 23,2020,was initiated by a pre-symptomatic individual from South Korea on December 13,2020.Conclusion:The asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals during the asymptomatic period were unsuspectingly infected by SARS-CoV-2,and unintentionally transmitted the virus to a large number of people.These findings suggest that early detection of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals is of critical importance in preventing future outbreaks or epidemics.

关键词： COVID-19 Asymptomatic Pre-symptomatic viral load Transmission Epidemiology

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Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of a Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variant in Piglets

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第8期10卷 1280-1291页

作者： WEI Tian-chao TIAN Zhi-jun ZHOU Yan-jun AN Tong-qing JIANG Yi-feng XIAO Yan HU Shou-ping PENG Jin-mei HAO Xiao-fang ZHANG Shan-rui TONG Guang-zhi State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150001P.R.China Division of Swine Infectious Diseases Shanghai Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 200241P.R.China College of Animal Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530005P.R.China

Since May 2006,a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （HP-PRRSV） variant characterized by 30 amino acids deletion within its NSP2-coding region emerged and caused extensive economic losses to China＇s pig industry.To investigate the in vivo pathogenicity and immune responses of the newly emerging PRRSV,3 groups of 60-d-old conventional piglets were inoculated intranasally with a representative strain of the HP-PRRSV variant HuN4 with 3 different infection doses （3×103-3×105 TCID50）.The results revealed that the virus variant caused severe disease in piglets and the significant clinical characteristics consisted of persistently high fever （41.0-41.9oC） and high morbidity and mortality （60-100%）,the marked clinical signs of PRRS and severe histopathogenic damages in multiple organs.It induced rapid and intense humoral immune responses and seroconversion was detected in most infected pigs at 7 d post-infection （DPI）.The virus vigorously replicated in vivo and the highest virus average titer was 9.7 log copies mL-1 serum at 7 DPI.Elevated levels of IFN-g and IL-10 cytokine production in serum in this study were also observed.Taken together,our results demonstrated that the HP-PRRSV variant HuN4 strain is highly pathogenic for piglets and suitable to be a reference strain of highly virulent PRRSV for evaluating the efficacy of the new vaccines.

关键词： highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus pathogenicity immune responses viral load

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Pre-treatment prediction of response to peginterferon plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C genotype 3

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第4期7卷 703-709页

作者： Sebastian Marciano Silvia M Borzi Melisa Dirchwolf Ezequiel Ridruejo Manuel Mendizabal Fernando Bessone Maria E Sirotinsky Diego H Giunta Julieta Trinks Pablo A Olivera Omar A Galdame Marcelo O Silva Hugo A Fainboim Adrian C Gadano Liver Unit Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Hepatology Section Hospital R. Rossi La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina Liver Infectious Disease Unit Hospital F.J Muniz Uspallata 2272 Buenos Aires Argentina Hepatology Section Department of Medicine Centro de Educacion Medica e Investigaciones Clinicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC" Avenida Galvan 4102 Buenos Aires Argentina Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit Hospital Universitario Austral Hepatology Unit Sanatorio del Parque Rosario Argentina HEPATOSUR group Comodoro Rivadavia Chubut Argentina Internal Medicine Research Unit Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Basic Science and Experimental Medicine Institute Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Internal Medicine Centro de Educacion Medica e Investigaciones Clinicas Norberto Quirno "CEMIC" Buenos Aires Argentina

AIM: To evaluate pre-treatment factors associated with sustained virological response(SVR) in patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotype 3 treated with peginterferon and ribavirin(RBV). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed treatment naive, mono-infected HCV genotype 3 patients treated with peginterferon and RBV. Exclusion criteria included presence of other liver disease, alcohol consumption and African American or Asian ethnicity. The variables collected and compared between patients who achieved an SVR and patients who did not were as follows: gender, age, fibrosis stage, diabetes, body mass index,steatosis, INFL3 polymorphism, pre-treatment HCVRNA, type of peginterferon, RBV dose and adherence. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients treated between June, 2004 and March, 2013 were included. Mean treatment duration was 25.1(± 1.8) wk. Overall, 58%(62/107) of the patients achieved an SVR and 42%(45/107) did not. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, pre-treatment HCV-RNA ≥ 600000 UI/m L(OR = 0.375, 95%CI: 0.153-0.919, P = 0.032) and advanced fibrosis(OR = 0.278, 95%CI: 0.113-0.684,P = 0.005) were significantly associated with low SVR rates. In patients with pre-treatment HCV-RNA ≥600000 UI/m L and advanced fibrosis, the probability of achieving an SVR was 29%(95%CI: 13.1-45.2).In patients with pre-treatment HCV-RNA viral load might be associated with poor response to peginterferon plus RBV. These patients could benefit the most from new direct antiviral agentsbased regimes.

关键词： Sustained virological response Direct antiviral agents Sofosbuvir Cirrhosis viral load

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Research Progress of Related Laboratory Testing Indexes before and after Mother-Infant Blocking in HIV/AIDS Pregnant Women

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World Journal of AIDS 2020年第2期10卷 149-157页

作者： Guosheng Su Lihua Qin Lida Mo Department of Clinical laboratory Guigang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Guigang Red Cross Hospital Guiyang China Department of Osteoarthritis Guigang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Guigang Red Cross Hospital Guiyang China Department of Clinical laboratory The Fourth People’s Hospital Nanning Guangxi Guangxi Medical University Affiliated to Infectious Diseases Hospital of Nanning Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Center (Nanning) Nanning China

More than 90% of HIV-positive children come from mother-to-child transmission, so mother-to-child interdiction is the main measure to prevent AIDS in children. Relevant data show that the incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV usually fluctuates between 15% and 50% without intervention. Standardized and effective comprehensive intervention can reduce the transmission rate of mother to child to less than 1%. At present, it is believed that mother-to-child transmission of AIDS can be blocked by comprehensive intervention, and its mechanism has been clearly studied. Combined with highly effective antiviral treatment, safe labor and artificial feeding, the mother to child transmission rate can be reduced to less than 1%. However, due to the effect of drugs on mother-to-child transmission of AIDS may lead to some changes in the main biochemical indicators of mother-to-child, there is no systematic analysis of the viral load, T lymphocyte subsets and major biochemical indicators of HIV/AIDS pregnant women before and after maternal-to-child transmission. In this study, the viral load, T lymphocyte subsets and major biochemical indicators of HIV/AIDS pregnant women before and after maternal-infant blockade were dynamically analyzed. It is hoped that this study will help to observe the basic physical fitness and disease development of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS during pregnancy, to provide a strong basis for the treatment and evaluation of maternal-infant blockade of HIV/AIDS pregnant women, and to establish a complete set of laboratory indicators to understand the body status of pregnant women at all stages to minimize the probability of fetal transmission, which will make good economic and social benefits.

关键词： AIDS Pregnant Women Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission viral load T Lymphocyte Biochemical Index

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Evaluation of HAART by HIV-1 Quantitative Method and Immunological Function Inspection

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Chinese Journal of Sexually Transmitted Infections 2001年第1期 30-33页

作者：陈琳冯铁建李良成何建凡 Shenzhen Hygiene and Anti-epidemic Station Shenzhen Hygiene and Anti-epidemic Station Shenzhen 518020 China MD.

Objective: To observe the effectiveness of highly active antiret-rovirus therapy （HAART） on HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: Using HIV-1 quantitative methods and immu-nological function inspection, we monitored 4 HIV/AIDS pa-tients who were suffering from immunological deficiency andwere treated with HAART Results: The reproduction of HIV in all 4 patients was effi-ciently controlled at the 4th week of the treatment. The averageviral load decreased by 1.99 Log/ml （0.73-2.46 Log/ml）. Thenumber of CD+4 and CD+8 showed a steady continuous increase4 to 12 weeks after the treatment, with an increase of 67.2%and 103.0% respectively. Correlative study among differentvariables after the treatment revealed that positive correlationexisted between the number of CD+4 and CD+3 as well as CD+8,while negative correlation existed between the number of CD+4and plasma viral load. Conclusion: HIV-1 quantitative method （plasma viral load）and the number of CD+4 in peripheral blood can be used asimportant reference indicators in evaluating HAART.

关键词： HIV/AIDS HAART viral load Immunological function

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Immune Function Changes among HIV+/ARC/AIDS Patientsand Its Relationship to Disease Progression

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Chinese Journal of Sexually Transmitted Infections 2002年第2期2卷 37-41页

作者：冯铁建何建凡李良成陈琳 Shenzhen Hygiene and Anti-epidemic Station Shenzhen Hygiene and Anti-epidemic Station Shenzhen 518020 P.R. China MD

Objective: To analyze HIV replication and immune functionchanges among Chinese patients with HIV/ARC/AIDS andtheir association with disease progression. Methods: T cell subsets, plasma cytokine concentrations andviral loads from 42 HIV+ individuals, and 13 ARC/AIDSpatients, and 10 controls were analyzed by flow cytometry（FCM）, quantitative ELISA and reversetranscription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）,respectively. Results: CD4 cell counts and plasma IL-2 in HIV/AIDSpatients were significantly less than in normal control subjects（Pload. A positive linear correlationwas noted between plasma sIL-2R levels and changes ofplasma IL-6 level （Pviral load and sTNFR-I （Pviral load, sIL-2R, TNF-α, sTNFR-I, and Neopterin might beconsidered as important predictors of the progression of HIVinfection to AIDS.

关键词： HIV infection viral load Cytokine T cell subset

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