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Detecting subtle changes in sperm membranes in veterinary andrology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第6期9卷 731-737页

作者： Fernando J. Pena Department of Animal Health and Medicine Faculty of veterinary Medicine University. of Extremadura Cdceres 10071 Spain

Thanks to the increasing use of flow cytometry in research in veterinary spermatology, many new membrane integrity assays have been developed over the past decade. These assays are important because of their superior ability to forecast fertility when compared with other tests, such as sperm motility. This major component of the sperm quality assessment has generated new investigations with the aim of developing tests that can detect membrane damage in a very early state. Using phospholipid transposition tests, early changes in membrane permeability and fluidity can be assessed in a large number of spermatozoa using fluorescent probes in combination with flow cytometry.

关键词： sperm membranes flow cytometry early membrane changes veterinary

Dystocia in Cattle: Prospective Analysis in Daily veterinary Practice (N = 573 Parturitions)

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Open Journal of veterinary Medicine 2018年第12期8卷 241-249页

作者： Chantal Bühler Jürg Hüsler Gaby Hirsbrunner Tierarztpraxis Unternä hrer Langenthal Switzerland Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Bern Bern Switzerland Clinic for Ruminants Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to collect cases of dystocia in 4 rural veterinary practices in Switzerland over 12 months, focusing on calf vitality. Methods: During 12 months, data of 573 assisted parturitions were collected. The age of the cows involved ranged from 2 to 17 years (median 5.2 yr) with a median gestation length of 288 days. Results: Overall, 651 calves were born (61.2% male). 481 were single and 85 were twin births. For 7 calves, no data were available. As to calf vitality: 66.1% of the calves were alive, 25.4% dead, 5.1% weak and 3.4% died during the assisted parturition process. The percentage of dead calves was higher in twins (43.5%) than in singletons (18.9%). The vitality was influenced by gestation length, parity and the time elapsed since the rupture of the amniotic sac. In this study, calf vitality was neither influenced by sex of the calf nor breed of the parents. A uterine torsion was found in 31.8% of the cases with the direction of the rotation anti-clockwise in 94%. Twins were twice as often in posterior presentation as single-born calves (31.4% versus 15.6%). Conclusion: Calf vitality was influenced by parity, gestation length and time from amniotic sac rupture to veterinary intervention.

关键词： Cattle Dystocia veterinary Practice Obstetrics Calf Vitality

Informed consent in veterinary medicine: legal and medical perspectives in Italy

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2011年第3期1卷 128-134页

作者： Annamaria Passantino Valeria Quartarone Maria Russo 不详

During the last four decades the doctrine of in- formed consent (IC) has become a legal stan- dard and an essential component of ethical guidelines in medicine, due to its relevance for basic human rights such as autonomy and re- spect of dignity. Over the last few years, this legal formula has gained importance in veteri- nary medicine, thereby influencing the everyday activities of the veterinary practitioners. This paper briefly describes the ethical and legal background of IC in Italy and examines how it relates to the practice of veterinary medicine, considering the change in social sensibility to- wards animals. It also outlines the discussion that should take place between Veterinarian and client before a planned procedure.

关键词： Informed Consent veterinary Medicine Professional Duty Law Ethics Veterinarian-Client Relationship Animal

Adenoviral Vectors in veterinary Vaccine Development: Potential for Further Development

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World Journal of Vaccines 2013年第3期3卷 111-121页

作者： Olasumbo L. Ndi Mary D. Barton Thiru Vanniasinkam Sansom Institute School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences University of South Australia Adelaide Australia School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia.

Vaccines are an integral part of veterinary disease prevention. However there are still a significant number of veterinary diseases for which vaccines do not currently exist or where currently available vaccines do not provide adequate immunity. Adenoviruses have transitioned from tools for gene replacement therapy to bona fide vaccine delivery vehicles because of their ability to elicit potent cell-mediated and humoral responses making them ideal for use against viruses and other intracellular pathogens. Adenoviral vector based vaccines are likely to play a significant role in overcoming these problems in the future. However, this vector is under utilized in veterinary vaccine development at this time. This review focuses on adenoviral vector based vaccines developed to date and explores the potential for veterinary vaccine development based upon this platform: advantages and potential disadvantages of this technology are discussed as well as the potential for developing efficacious commercial veterinary adenoviral vector based vaccines.

关键词： veterinary Vaccines Adenoviral Vector Adenoviral Vector Vaccine Vaccine Vector Immune Response

Computer Assisted Learning for Improving Cattle Palpation Skills of veterinary Students

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Open Journal of veterinary Medicine 2013年第8期3卷 319-327页

作者： Scott T. Norman Gloria Dall’Alba School of Animal and veterinary Sciences and E.H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia School of Education The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

This study investigated the effect of a computer assisted learning (CAL) tool on the development of skills in palpation of the reproductive tract of the cow per rectum (rectal palpation) by fourth-year students in a Bachelor of veterinary Science (BVSc) degree program. A secondary aim was to determine if animal welfare could be improved by the CAL intervention. The CAL tool was developed to provide: vivid, three-dimensional interactive graphics of the relevant anatomy and skills;a comprehensive glossary of terminology used in association with the skills;and formative assessment tasks. Prior to its introduction to the course, industry stakeholders assessed the CAL tool graphics as an accurate depiction of the procedures. Two consecutive cohorts of students were surveyed prior to (n = 91) and after the CAL intervention (n = 111). Responses to student surveys suggested that post-intervention skills were learned at approximately the same rate as pre-intervention. However, tutor surveys indicated that students in the pre-intervention group may have had insufficient understanding for accurate self-assessment compared to post-intervention students. According to tutors, substantially more students in the post-intervention group gained practical skills at an improved rate and to a higher level of competency. Both student and tutor surveys indicated that there was a minimal discomfort to animals in these practical classes. From an animal welfare point-of-view, it was concluded that the intervention would not result in a reduction in the number of animals required during practical sessions. However, due to the preparation and reinforcement provided by the CAL tool, animals were used more efficiently by students after the intervention, resulting in the attainment of a higher level of skill. Knowledge gained from this study may be relevant to other disciplines requiring students to develop practical skills associated with animals or humans.

关键词： Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) Computer Simulation veterinary Science Education Skill Attainment Professional Education

Factors Associated with a Low veterinary Regulatory Compliance in Uganda, Their Impact and Quality Management Approaches to Improve Performance

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Open Journal of veterinary Medicine 2018年第12期8卷 207-231页

作者： Wanderema S. N. Wesonga Bosco Madasi Esther Nambo Department of Animal Health Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries Entebbe Uganda Government Technical Team (GTT) on Resettlement of Pastoralists in Mid-Western Region Kasese Uganda

Organized veterinary services in Uganda were established in year 1908 and successfully controlled animal diseases nationally through a centralized chain of veterinary command. Such services were of public good, mandatory by regulations and also referred to as the “veterinary regulatory services”. However, from 1993;policy reforms were introduced coincidentally at the same time with a national animal health passive surveillance system. Despite reforms, continued losses in livestock were observed necessitating a longitudinal survey based on the above surveillance system. Study findings were to serve as an indicator of performance for the reforms as regards animal disease control. Overall aim of the study was to: Confirm the assumed increase of disease after reforms;identify predisposing factors;gauge their impact and make recommendations to improve service delivery. Results confirmed that: Local government veterinary personnel reduced by 90.61% after the first year of decentralization;national animal health report submissions reduced from average of 81% to only 47.06% with a correlation or association of negative (-) 27.3% albeit at p-value > 0.05. Further, correlation at p-value Regression confirmed that with other factors held constant;on average: 69.5% of all Foot and Mouth Disease outbreaks in other areas of the country originated or depended on the same disease found in the cattle corridor while 42.7% human deaths from rabies was attributed to bites from suspected rabid animals. Conclusion was that: Increased animal disease prevalence was primarily attributed to the reform policies but confounded by other veterinary institution internal and external/shock factors. This requires further policy reforms and a review of the national animal health passive surveillance system by all stakeholders to be done through and implemented by an efficient quality management system which is: staff-management-client focused.

关键词： Chain of veterinary Command Reforms Surveillance Regulations Quality Management

A Review of Enrofloxacin for veterinary Use

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Open Journal of veterinary Medicine 2016年第2期6卷 40-58页

作者： Tessa Trouchon Sébastien Lefebvre USC 1233 INRA-Vetagro Sup Veterinary School of Lyon Marcy l’Etoile France

This review outlines the current knowledge on the use of enrofloxacin in veterinary medicine from biochemical mechanisms to the use in the field conditions and even resistance and ecotoxicity. The basics of biochemistry, the mechanisms of action and resistance and pharmacokinetics are presented. Then an overview of available veterinary products, their efficacy and their toxicity against target species, human and environment is provided.

关键词： Enrofloxacin Antibiotic Resistances veterinary

Research Progress on Analysis and Detection Techniques of veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Foods

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2019年第5期8卷 60-64,69页

作者： Bing LI Xuzheng ZHOU Fusheng CHENG Xiaojuan WEI Weiwei Wang Jiyu ZHANG Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province

As an important guarantee for the prevention and control of animal diseases,veterinary drugs have important functions in improving animal production performance and product quality and maintaining ecological *** are an important guarantee for the healthy development of animal husbandry,food safety and public ***,the irrational use and abuse of veterinary drugs and feed pharmaceutical additives are widespread,causing harmful substances in animal foods and damage to human health,and threatening the sustainable development of the environment and animal husbandry as *** order to ensure human health,it is urgent to develop a simple,rapid,high-sensitivity,high-throughput and low-cost veterinary drug residue detection *** this paper,the sample pretreatment methods and detection techniques for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in animal foods were reviewed.

关键词： Animal food veterinary drug residue Sample preparation Detection techniques

Palatability Testing of Oral Chewables in veterinary Medicine for Dogs

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Open Journal of veterinary Medicine 2018年第8期8卷 107-118页

作者： Michelle Aleo Stacy Ross Csilla Becskei Eileen Coscarelli Vickie King Mary Darling Julie Lorenz VMRD Global Therapeutics Zoetis Kalamazoo MI USA VMRD Lab Sciences Zoetis Kalamazoo MI USA VMRD Global Therapeutics Zoetis Zaventem Belgium VMRD Global Development and Operations Zoetis Kalamazoo MI USA

For veterinary medications administered per os, animal health companies strive to develop highly palatable dosage forms that are voluntarily accepted by animals to improve compliance and convenience. Achieving high palatability is often complex and difficult even without the presence of an active ingredient. This work compared acceptance and preference studies, as standardized methods are not established for informing formulation development or for more routine testing. Formulation development was followed by an acceptance study completed with laboratory Beagle dogs. One acceptance study and one preference study were completed in mixed breed dogs, also laboratory-housed, to gain wider representation of dog breed and age. Through these studies, we have evaluated both formulation parameters and palatability study conduct. In general, more complex palatants that have appealing taste, smell, and mouth feel enhance voluntary uptake. However, dosage forms that are too chewy may not be freely consumed even with complex palatants. The addition of aroma can entice dogs to prehend the tablet, as observed in one preference study. Preference studies in the veterinary pharmaceutical field identify the preferred first choice or first prehend, but not which product will be routinely voluntarily and fully consumed. Acceptance studies with cross-over treatment groups are used to quantify the full consumption of a dosage form when a dog is not given two choices at once. Since all dogs in acceptance studies are offered all treatment groups throughout the study, a comparison between degrees of consumption could suggest that one formulation might be preferred over another.

关键词： Palatability Acceptance Preference Dog veterinary