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vertical stratification of bat assemblages in flooded and unflooded Amazonian forests

Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 469-478页

作者： Maria Joo Ramos PEREIRA Joo Tiago MARQUES Jorge M.PALMEIRIM Centro de Biologia Ambiental Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel Mamirau

Tropical rainforests usually have multiple strata that results in a vertical stratification of ecological opportunities foranimals. We investigated if this stratification influences the way bats use the vertical space in flooded and unflooded forests of theCentral Amazon. Using mist-nets set in the canopy (17 to 35 m high) and in the understorey (0 to 3 m high) we sampled four sitesin upland unflooded forests (terra firme), three in forests seasonally flooded by nutrient-rich water (varzea), and three in forestsseasonally flooded by nutrient-poor water (igapo). Using rarefaction curves we found that species richness in the understorey andcanopy were very similar. An ordination analysis clearly separated the bat assemblages of the canopy from those of the understorey inboth flooded and unflooded habitats. Gleaning carnivores were clearly associated with the understorey, whereas frugivores wereabundant in both strata. Of the frugivores, Carollinae and some Stenodermatinae were understorey specialists, but several Stenodermatinaemostly used the canopy. The first group mainly includes species that, in general, feed on fruits of understorey shrubs,whereas the second group feed on figs and other canopy fruits. We conclude that vertical stratification in bat communities occurseven within forests with lower canopy heights, such as Amazonian seasonally flooded forests, and that the vertical distribution ofbat species is closely related to their diet and foraging behaviour.

关键词： Amazon Bats Chiroptera vertical stratification Floodplain

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vertical stratification of ichneumonid wasp communities： the effects of forest structure and life-history traits

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Insect Science 2015年第5期22卷 688-699页

作者： Filippo Di Giovanni Pierfilippo Cerretti Franco Mason Emma Minari Lorenzo Marini Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin' Universita di Roma 'La Sapienza' Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversita Forestale Corpo Forestale dello Stato via Carlo Ederle 161A 37100 Verona Italy and DAFNAE Universit& di Padova viale dell'Universita 16 35020 Legnaro Padua Italy

Parasitoid wasp communities of the canopy of temperate forests are still largely unexplored. Very little is known about the community composition ofparasitoids between canopy and understory and how much of this difference is related to forest structure or parasitoid biological strategies. In this study we investigated upon the difference in the community composition of the parasitic wasps Ichneumonidae between canopy and understory in a lowland temperate forest in northern Italy. We used general linear models to test whether parasitic strategy modifies species vertical stratification and the effect of forest structure. We also tested differences in β-diversity between canopy and understory traps and over time within single forest layers. We found that stand basal area was positively related to species richness, suggesting that the presence of mature trees can influence local wasp diversity, providing a higher number of microhabitats and hosts. The ichneumonid community of the canopy was different from that of the understory, and theβ-diversity analysis showed higher values for the canopy, due to a higher degree of species turnover between traps. In our analyses, the vertical stratification was different between groups of ichneumonids sharing different parasitic strategies. Idiobiont parasitoids of weakly or deeply concealed hosts were more diverse in the understory than in the canopy while parasitoids of spiders were equally distributed between the two layers. Even though the ichneumonid community was not particularly species-rich in the canopy of the temperate forests, the extension of sampling to that habitat significantly increased the number of species recorded.

关键词： β-diversity biological traits canopy forest structure Ichneumonidae vertical stratification

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Impacts of Different Dynamic Factors on the Saltwater Intrusion in the Northern Branch of the Yangtze Estuary

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China Ocean Engineering 2019年第6期33卷 673-684页

作者： WANG Jin-hua ZHANG De-bin ZHANG Wei-sheng ZHANG Jin-shan State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research InstituteNanjing 210029China College of Harbor Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

A 3-D baroclinic numerical model is established to study the temporal and spatial distribution of salinity in the Northern Branch(NB) of the Yangtze Estuary(YE) in response to river runoff, wind and currents. The idealized,process-oriented studies show that the lower river runoff in the dry season is the main driving factor for the spilling over from the NB to the Southern Branch(SB). The NB takes longer time to get in dynamic stable state compared with the SB, as the runoff transfers from the wet season to the dry season. The vertical stratification intensity of the NB has obvious periodic phenomena in the dry season, and the stratification strength is enhanced under the action of low runoff and north wind, which further weakens the vertical transport of water. Momentum balance analysis suggested that the landward net flux increases when considering the influence of the moderate north wind, and the landward flux will enhance if considering the boundary current during the spring tide. With the influence of the boundary current, increases the average salinity of the NB, as well as the intrusion degree from the NB to the *** indicates that the nearshore ocean current of the Yellow Sea is an important factor affecting the saltwater intrusion in the NB of the YE.

关键词： Yangtze Estuary saltwater intrusion ocean currents vertical stratification FVCOM

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Diversity and seasonal variation of ground and understory spiders from a tropical mountain cloud forest

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 826-844页

作者： Emmanuel F.Campuzano Guillermo Ibarra-Nunez Salima Machkour-M Rabet Alejandro Moron-Rios Maria Luisa Jimenez Colegio de la Frontera Sur(ECOSUR) Unidad TapachulaTapachulaChiapasMexico ECOSUR Unidad ChetumalChetumalQuintana RooMexico ECOSUR Unidad CampecheCampecheCampecheMexico Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste(CIBNOR) La PazBaja California SurMexico

We made intensive samplings to study the seasonal response of spiders across different forest strata(ground and understory)in a tropical mountain cloud forest from *** sampled spiders from ten plots in six sampling events during the dry and rainy season,to analyze their abundance,structure(distribution of abundance among species),diversity and the response of the five dominant species at each *** demonstrated that seasonal patterns of spider communities differed among strata,revealing a complex spatiotemporal ***,structure,diversity of ground spiders,as well as the responses of four dominant species at this stratum,showed low seasonal *** contrast,a strong seasonal variation was observed for the understory assemblage,with lowest abundance and highest diversity in the rainy season,and different assemblage structures for each *** patterns of each assemblage seem linked to the responses of their dominant *** found high co-occurrence among most of the ground dominant species with similar habitat use and with multivoltine patterns,contrasting with low co-occurrence among most of the understory dominant species with similar habitat use and univoltine *** results showed that the spiders’assemblages of tropical mountain cloud forest(opposed to what is found in temperate and boreal forests)increase their species richness with the height,and that their responses to seasonal change differ between *** programs of these habitats should consider the spatial and temporal variations found here,as a better understanding of their ecological dynamics is required to support their sustainable management.

关键词： community structure El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve interspecific competition Mexico temporal change vertical stratification

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vertical variation in Vibrio community composition in Sansha Yongle Blue Hole and its ability to degrade macromolecules

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2020年第1期2卷 60-72页

作者： Bei Li Jiwen Liu Shun Zhou Liang Fu Peng Yao Lin Chen Zuosheng Yang Xiaolei Wang Xiao-Hua Zhang College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China5 Yushan RoadQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Sansha Track Ocean Coral Reef Conservation Research Institute Sansha 573199China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean StudyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of China.Qingdao 266100China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

With the advantages of wide distribution,fast growth,and broad metabolic spectrum to organic carbon compounds,Vibrio may play an important role in organic carbon ***,the ecological roles of Vibrio in many marine environments have not been ***,the world's deepest'blue hole',the Sansha Yongle Blue Hole(SYBH)in the South China Sea,which is a geographically semi-enclosed environment featuring unique chemical characters,was *** abundance,diversity and carbon source utilization capability of Vibrio were studied by quantification and high-throughput sequencing of Vibrio specific 16S rRNA genes and cultivation *** abundance of Vibrio in water column of the SYBH ranged from 3.78×10^4 to 7.35×10^616S rRNA gene copies L_***-living Vibrio was more abundant than particle-associated Vibrio(~1.20×10^6 versus-2.68×10^5 gene copies L_1),indicating that Vibrio prefers a free-living life *** Vibrio assemblages showed clear vertical stratification and could be divided into three groups:aerobic-transition,middle anaerobic and bottom anaerobic *** oxygen(DO),temperature,pH and salinity were the main environmental factors affecting the abundance and community *** Vibrio demonstrated a degrading capability to various macromolecular substrates,including starch,Tween 20/40/80,DNA,gelatin,alginate,casein,chitin,lecithin,K-carrageenan,mannan,xylan and hyaluronic *** suggests that Vibrio could produce a variety of highly active extracellular *** study provides new insights into the distribution pattern and possible role in carbon cycle of Vibrio in the unique environment of a"blue hole'.

关键词： Vibrio community vertical stratification Carbon source utilization Sansha Yongle Blue Hole

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Successional stages of biological soil crusts and their microstructure variability in Shapotou region（China）

Successional stages of biological soil crusts and their micr...

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中国藻类学会第八次会员大会暨第十六次学术讨论会

作者： Shubin Lan Li Wu Delu Zhang Chunxiang Hu~* Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,430072,Wuhan

＜正＞In order to investigate succession of biological soil crusts（BSCs） and their microstructure variability,we conducted this work in Shapotou revegetation region at the southeast edge of Tengger *** results showed that BSCs generally succeeded as a pathway of "Algae crusts,algae - lichen crusts,lichen crusts,lichen-moss crusts and moss crusts".Occasionally mosses directly occurred on algae crusts,and BSCs succeeded from algae crusts to moss *** vertical stratification was a common phe-nomenon,from top to bottom an inorganic layer,algae-dense layer and algae-sparse layer were divided in algae crusts;a thallus layer,rhizoid layer and sub-rhizoid layer in lichen crusts;a ’ ’stem-leaf ’ layer,rhizoid layer and sub-rhizoid layer in moss crusts,*** main crust binding organisms varied from filamental cyanobacteria（dominated by Microcoleus） in algae crusts to lichen rhi-zoids,free-living cyanobacterial filaments and fungal hyphaes in lichen crusts, and to moss rhizoids and fungal hyphaes in moss *** dominant phototrophic organisms varied from Microcoleus（algae） in algae crusts to Col lema（lichens） in lichen crusts,and to Bryum（or Didymodon and Tortula;mosses） in moss *** phototrophic biomass increased while the free-living algal biomass decreased with the succession of *** addition,exopolysaccharides and fine particles accumulated in the course of development and succession of BSCs,all of which lead to a gradual increase in crust thickness and porosity,while decrease in the bulk density.

关键词： Biological soil crusts Succession vertical stratification Cementing Phototrophic organisms

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