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The Scorpion venom Peptide Smp76 Inhibits Viral Infection by Regulating Type-Ⅰ Interferon Response

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Virologica Sinica 2018年第6期33卷 545-556页

作者： Zhenglin Ji Fangfang Li Zhiqiang Xia Xingchen Guo Minjun Gao Fang Sun Yuting Cheng Yingliang Wu Wenxin Li Syed Abid Ali Zhijian Cao State Key Laboratory of Virology Modern Virology Research Center College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Bio-drug Research Center Wuhan University International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS) HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals Wuhan University

Dengue virus(DENV) and Zika virus(ZIKV) have spread throughout many countries in the developing world and infect millions of people every year, causing severe harm to human health and the economy. Unfortunately, there are few effective vaccines and therapies available against these viruses. Therefore, the discovery of new antiviral agents is ***, a scorpion venom peptide(Smp76) characterized from Scorpio maurus palmatus was successfully expressed and purified in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant Smp76(rSmp76) was found to effectively inhibit DENV and ZIKV infections in a dose-dependent manner in both cultured cell lines and primary mouse macrophages. Interestingly,rSmp76 did not inactivate the viral particles directly but suppressed the established viral infection, similar to the effect of interferon(IFN)-b. Mechanistically, rSmp76 was revealed to upregulate the expression of IFN-b by activating interferon regulatory transcription factor 3(IRF3) phosphorylation, enhancing the type-Ⅰ IFN response and inhibiting viral *** mechanism is significantly different from traditional virucidal antimicrobial peptides(AMPs). Overall, the scorpion venom peptide Smp76 is a potential new antiviral agent with a unique mechanism involving type-Ⅰ IFN responses,demonstrating that natural AMPs can enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators.

关键词： Dengue virus(DENV) Zika virus(ZIKV) Scorpion venom peptide Smp76 Antiviral mechanism Type-Ⅰ interferon response

Identifying Intraspecific Variation in venom Yield of Chinese Cobra(Naja atra) from Ten Populations in China's Mainland

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Asian Herpetological Research 2019年第1期10卷 32-40页

作者： Jianfang GAO Yin YIN Yanfu QU Jin WANG Longhui LIN Hongliang LU Xiang JI Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal University Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University

Detailed information on venom yield is helpful in preparing antivenoms and treating snakebites, but such information is lacking for many species of venomous snakes. The Chinese cobra(Naja atra) is a large sized, venomous snake commonly found in southeastern China, where it causes a heavy burden of snakebites. To examine the effects of various factors(morphology, sex, age, season, and geographical origin) on the venom yield in this snake, we collected venom samples of 446 individuals(426 adults and 20 neonates) from 10 populations of N. atra over an eightyear period. We used two variables, lyophilized venom mass(venom yield) and solid content of venom(% solids), to quantify the venom yield. We used linear regression analysis to check if venom yield was related to morphological factors, one-way ANOVA and one-way ANCOVA to detect the sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation in venom yield, and repeated-measures ANOVA to examine seasonal shifts in venom yield. Our results indicate that venom yield of N. atra is positively related to the morphological traits examined, with male snakes expelling more venom than females. venom yield in N. atra was age-related, with elder snakes always expelling more venom than younger ones. Geographic variation in venom yield was also observed, while seasonal variation was not. The solid content of venom was lower in males than in females, but this was not related to morphology, season, age, or geography. Our findings suggest that venom yield in N. atra is influenced by multiple factors, as well as by the interactions among these factors.

关键词： Naja atra venom yield intraspecific variation snakebite

Scorpion venom Heat-Resistant Peptide is Neuroprotective against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Association with the NMDA-MAPK Pathway

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第3期36卷 243-253页

作者： Xu-Gang Wang Dan-Dan Zhu Na Li Yue-Lin Huang Ying-Zi Wang Ting Zhang Chen-Mei Wang Bin Wang Yan Peng Bi-Ying Ge Shao Li Jie Zhao Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases Department of PhysiologyCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for DrugResearch and Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116000China The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116023China

Scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide(SVHRP)is a component purified from Buthus martensii Karsch scorpion venom. Our previous studies have shown that SVHRP is neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The present study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective effects of SVHRP on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury, using a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R) and a cellular model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R). Our results showed that SVHRP treatment decreased the neurological deficit scores, edema formation, infarct volume and neuronal loss in the MCAO/R mice, and protected primary neurons against OGD/R insult. SVHRP pretreatment suppressed the alterations in protein levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs) and phosphorylated p38 MAPK as well as some proinflammatory factors in both the animal and cellular models. These results suggest that SVHRP has neuroprotective effects against cerebral I/R injury, which might be associated with inhibition of the NMDA-MAPKmediated excitotoxicity.

关键词： Scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury Neuroprotection NMDARs p38 MAPK

A venom protein of ectoparasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, PvG6PDH, contributes to parasitism by inhibiting host glucose-6-phosphate metabolism

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 399-410页

作者： Lei Yang Liming Qiu Qi Fang Shaoying Wu Gongyin Ye Hainan University Haikou570228 China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology&Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058 China

To achieve successful development,female parasitoids,while laying eggs,introduce various virulence factors,mainly venoms,into host insects to manipulate their *** numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the components of venoms that regulate host immune responses,few systematic investigations have been conducted on the roles of venom proteins in host metabolic *** this investigation,we characterized a novel venom protein in Pachycrepoideus vindemiae called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(PvG6PDH)and showed it has a vital role in regulating host carbohydrate ***6PDH encodes 510 amino acids and features a signal peptide and two conserved“G6PDH”*** sequence alignment showed it has high amino acid identity with G6PDH from other pteromalids,and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated a significantly higher expression of PvG6PDH in the venom apparatus compared with the *** report that PvG6PDH contributes to parasitism by inhibiting the glucose-6-phosphate(G6P)metabolism of host Drosophila melanogaster,as demonstrated by PvG6PDH injection and RNA interference *** tests revealed that the accumulation of host G6P was caused by the transcriptional inhibition of G6P-metabolism-related *** findings greatly contribute to our understanding of venom-mediated host metabolic regulation,further laying the foundation for the development of venom proteins as biological agents for pest control.

关键词： biological control metabolism Pachycrepoideus vindemiae parasitoid venom

Prophenoloxidase from Pieris rapae:gene cloning,activity,and transcription in response to venom/calyx fluid from the endoparasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第2期12卷 103-115页

作者： Jia-ying ZHU Pu YANG Guo-xing WU Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province and Key Laboratory of Southwest Mountain Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 China Research Institute of Resource Insects Chinese Academy of Forestry Kunming 650224 China College of Plant Protection Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China

Prophenoloxidase (PPO) plays an important role in melanization, necessary for defense against intruding parasitoids. Parasitoids have evolved to inject maternal virulence factors into the host hemocoel to suppress hemolymph melanization for the successful development of their progeny. In this study, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of a Pieris rapae PPO was cloned. Its cDNA contained a 2 076-base pair (bp) open reading frame (ORF) encoding 691 amino acids (aa). Two putative copper-binding sites, a proteolytic activation site, three conserved hemocyanin domains, and a thiol ester motif were found in the deduced amino acid sequence. According to both multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis, P. rapae PPO gene cloned here is a member of the lepidopteran PPO-2 family. Injection of Cotesia glomerata venom or calyx fluid resulted in reduction of P. rapae hemolymph phenoloxidase activity, demonstrating the ability to inhibit the host's melanization. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that transcripts of P. rapae PPO-2 in the haemocytes from larvae had not significantly changed following venom injection, suggesting that the regulation of PPO messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by venom was not employed by C. glomerata to cause failure of melanization in parasitized host. While decreased P. rapae PPO-2 gene expression was observed in the haemocytes after calyx fluid injection, no detectable transcriptional change was induced by parasitization, indicating that transcriptional down-regulation of PPO by calyx fluid might play a minor role involved in inhibiting the host's melanization.

关键词： Prophenoloxidase Cloning venom Calyx fluid Gene expression Parasitoid

Role of venom and ovarian proteins in immune suppression of Ostrinia furnacalis （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae） larvae parasitized by Macrocentrus cingulum （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）, a polyembryonic parasitoid

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 93-100页

作者： YONG LI JIAN-FENG LU CONG-JING FENG XIN KE WEN-JUN FU Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai School of Bioteclmology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou China

venom and ovarian proteins in braconid and ichneumonid wasps play an important role in the successful parasitism of their host, especially for immune suppression immediately after oviposition. In this study, we compared the effect of venom and ovarian proteins collected from the female wasps of Macrocentrus cingulum, a polyembryonic parasitoid of the larvae of Ostriniafunacalis, on the encapsulation capacity of Sephadex A- 25 beads at 4 h and 24 h post-injection both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the ovarian proteins significantly interfered with the encapsulation capacity of hemocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Spreading and viability of hemocytes in O. furnacalis was not disrupted by venom and ovarian proteins at various concentrations injected. It seems likely that the ovarian proteins from M. cingulum play a role in suppressing the encapsulation capacity of host hemocytes.

关键词： encapsulation Macrocentrus cingulum Ostriniafunacalis ovarian proteins spreading venom

Investigation into the hemolytic activity of tentacle venom from jellyfish Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第2期34卷 382-385页

作者：李翠萍于华华李荣锋邢荣娥刘松李鹏程 Qingdao University of Technology Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye （C. nozakii）, a giant cnidarian of the class Scyphomedusae, order Semaeostomeae and family Cyaneidae, is widely distributed in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and is abundant from late summer to early autumn. venom produced by C. nozakii during mass agglomerations can contaminate seawater resulting in death of the halobios and seriously damage commercial fisheries. Swimmers and fishermen commonly suffer painful stings from this j ellyfish, resulting in local edema, tingling, breathing difficulties, depressed blood pressure and even death. Such effects arise from the complex mixture of biologically active molecules that make up jellyfish venom. In the present study, the hemolytic activity of venom from tentacles of C. nozakii and factors affecting its activity were assayed. The HUso （defined as the amount of protein required to lyse 50% of erythrocytes） of the venom against dove and chicken erythrocytes was 34 and 59 gg/mL, respectively. Carboxylmethyl chitosan and glycerol could increase hemolytic activity at concentrations greater than 0.06% and 0.2 mol/L, respectively.

关键词： jellyfish hemolytic activity venom Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye

A global study of transcriptome dynamics in the venom gland of Solenopsis invicta Buren during laboratory rearing

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BIOCELL 2022年第3期46卷 821-828页

作者： LIMIN CHEN XIAOWEI LI TIANJUN HE QUANCONG WU TINGTING CHEN JUN HUANG YAOBIN LU State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Institute of Plant Protection and MicrobiologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China Integrated Plant Protection Center Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesLishui323000China College of Ecology Lishui UniversityLishui323000China

venom plays several important roles in the life of the fire ant,Solenopsis invicta *** rearing significantly affected the toxin component of ***,the molecular mechanism of the change of venomous components when kept in the laboratory is *** this study,RNA sequencing technique(RNA-Seq)was performed to explore differentially expressed genes in the venom gland of *** at 0,10,and 60 days after laboratory *** RNA-Seq results showed that the expression of a large number of genes *** DEGs were involved in multiple pathways,including proteolysis,serine-type endopeptidase,and ***,RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR data revealed that the expression of some genes related to proteolysis and allergen significantly ***,our data generated new data relating to toxin-component and the transcriptome dynamics in the venom gland of *** during laboratory rearing.

关键词： Solenopsis invicta Buren RNA-Seq venom Laboratory rearing

Chemical synthesis and structure determination of venom toxins

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第7期30卷 1369-1373页

作者： Bobo Dang School of Life Sciences Westlake University Institute of Biology Westlake Institute for Advanced Study

venom toxins are widely spread in nature, adopting diverse structures and functions. They often function by blocking or modulating important membrane protein targets thus can be promising therapeutic candidates and biophysical probes. In this review, we briefly discuss the total chemical synthesis of venom toxins including the different refolding strategies reported during the past decade as well as innovative approaches for structure determination.

关键词： venom toxins Chemical protein synthesis Structure determination Protein foldin Racemic protein crystallography