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A Secured Message Transmission Protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 229-246页

作者： A.F.M.Suaib Akhter A.F.M.Shahen Shah Mohiuddin Ahmed Nour Moustafa UnalÇavu¸soglu Ahmet Zengin Department of Computer Engineering Sakarya UniversitySakarya54050Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul Gelisim UniversityIstanbulTurkey School of Science Edith Cowan UniversityPerthWA6027Australia School of Engineering and Information Technology UNSWCanberra BC2610Australia

vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)become a very crucial addition in the Intelligent Transportation System(ITS).It is challenging for a VANET system to provide security services and parallelly maintain high throughput by utilizing limited *** overcome these challenges,we propose a blockchain-based Secured Cluster-based MAC(SCB-MAC)*** nearby vehicles heading towards the same direction will form a cluster and each of the clusters has its blockchain to store and distribute the safety *** message which contains emergency information and requires Strict Delay Requirement(SDR)for transmission are called safety messages(SM).Cluster Members(CMs)sign SMs with their private keys while sending them to the blockchain to confirm authentication,integrity,and confidentiality of the message.A Certificate Authority(CA)is responsible for physical verification,key generation,and privacy preservation of the *** implemented a test scenario as proof of concept and tested the safety message transmission(SMT)protocol in a real-world *** and storage overhead analysis shows that the proposed protocol for SMT implements security,authentication,integrity,robustness,non-repudiation,*** maintaining the *** that are less important compared to the SMs are called non-safety messages(NSM)and vehicles use RTS/CTS mechanism for NSM *** studies show that the proposed NSM transmission method maintains 6 times more throughput,2 times less delay and 125%less Packet Dropping Rate(PDR)than traditional MAC *** results prove that the proposed protocol outperforms the traditional MAC protocols.

关键词： ad hoc networks data security digital signatures distributed storage intelligent vehicles vehicular ad hoc networks wireless communication

On the Connectivity of One-dimensional vehicular ad hoc networks

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China Communications 2010年第2期7卷 65-70页

作者： Liao Jianxin Li Yuanzhen Li Tonghong Zhu Xiaomin Zhang Lei State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China EBUPT Information Technology Co. Ltd Beijing 100083 China Technical University of Madrid Madrid Spain 28660

In this paper we analyze connectivity of one-dimensional vehicular ad hoc networks where vehicle gap distribution can be approximat- ed by an exponential distribution. The probabilities of vehicular ad hoc Network connectivity for difference cases are derived. Furthermore we proof that the nodes in a sub-interval [z1, z1 ＋ △z] of interval [0,z],z 〉 0 where all the nodes are independently uniform distributed is a Poisson process and the relationship of Vehicle ad hoc networks and one-dimensional ad hoc networks where nodes independently uniform distributed in [zl, z1 ＋ △z] is explained. The analysis is validated by computing the probability of network connectivity and comparing it with the Mont Carlo simu- lation results.

关键词： Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) connectivity vehicular ad hoc networks onedimensional ad hoc networks

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A contention-based efficient-information perception algorithm (CEiPA) for vehicular ad hoc networks

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High Technology Letters 2009年第1期15卷 51-58页

作者：陈立家 School of Electronic Information Wuhan University

The problem of information dissemination is researched for vehicular ad-hoc networks （VANET） in this paper, and a contention-based effficient-information perception algorithm （CEiPA） is proposed. The idea of CEiPA is that beacons are delivered over VANET with limited lifetime and efficient information. CEiPA consists of two phases. The first one is initialization phase, during which the count timers Tcyce and Tlocal are set to start beacon delivery while Tcycle is also used to monitor and restart beaconing. The second one is beacon delivery phase. An elaborate distance function is employed to set contention delay for beacons of each vehicle. In this way beacons will be sent in order, which decreases the collision of beacons. Simulation results show that CEiPA enables each beacon to carry more efficient information and spread them over more vehicles with lower network overhead than the periodic beacon scheme. CEiPA is also flexible and scalable because the efficient information threshold it employs is a balance among the freshness of information, network overhead and perception area of a vehicle.

关键词： beacon contention efficient information perception vehicular ad hoc networks

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On the security of warning message dissemina-tion in vehicular ad hoc networks

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Journal of Communications and Information networks 2017年第2期2卷 46-58页

作者： Jieqiong Chen Guoqiang Mao School of Computing and Communications Univiersity of Technology SydneySydney NSW 2007Australia

Information security is an important issue in vehicular networks as the accuracy and integrity of information is a prerequisite to the satisfactory performance of virtually all vehicular network *** study the information security of a vehicular ad hoc network whose message could be tampered by malicious *** analytical framework is developed to analyze the process of message dissemination in a vehicular network with malicious vehicles randomly distributed in the *** probability that a destination vehicle at a xed distance can receive the message correctly from the source vehicle is *** are conducted to validate the accuracy of the theoretical *** results demonstrate the impact of network topology and the distribution of malicious vehicles on the correct delivery of a message in vehicular ad hoc networks,and provides insight on the design of security mechanisms to improve the security of message dissemination in vehicular networks.

关键词： vehicular ad hoc networks Internet-of-Vehicles technology message dissemination malicious vehicles security

Research on vehicular ad hoc networks

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Research on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Cooperative Channel Assignment for VANETs Based on Dual Reinforcement Learning

2009中国控制与决策会议

作者： Yue Liu~1,Jun Bi~2,Ju Yang~1 1.School of Information Science and Engineering,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China 2.School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China

＜正＞vehicular ad hoc networks is a kind of special wireless ad hoc network,which has the characteristics of high node mobility and fast topology *** vehicular networks can provide wide variety of services,range from safety-related warning systems to improved navigation mechanisms as well as information and entertainment *** a lot of work and research is being conducted to study problems of related to the vehicular *** problems include network architecture,protocols for physical and link layers,routing algorithms,as well as security *** this article we provide a review for the researches related to vehicular ad hoc networks.

关键词： vehicular ad hoc networks mobility vehicular communication protocols route

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第2期66卷 2127-2140页

作者： Xuting Duan Yuanhao Zhao Kunxian Zheng Daxin Tian Jianshan Zhou Jian Gao Beijing advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beijing100191China School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China Department of Engineering and Design University of SussexBrightonBN19RHUK Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport Beijing100088China

Dynamic channel assignment(DCA)is significant for extending vehicular ad hoc network(VANET)capacity and mitigating ***,the un-known global state information and the lack of centralized control make channel assignment performances a challenging task in a distributed vehicular direct communication *** our preliminary field test for communication under V2X scenario,we find that the existing DCA technology cannot fully meet the communication performance requirements of *** order to improve the communication performance,we firstly demonstrate the feasibility and potential of reinforcement learning(RL)method in joint channel selection decision and access fallback adaptation design in this ***,a dual reinforcement learning(DRL)-based cooperative DCA(DRL-CDCA)mechanism is ***,DRL-CDCA jointly optimizes the decision-making behaviors of both the channel selection and back-off adaptation based on a multi-agent dual reinforcement learning ***,nodes locally share and incorporate their individual rewards after each communication to achieve regional consistency *** results show that the proposed DRL-CDCA can better reduce the one-hop packet delay,improve the packet delivery ratio on average when compared with two other existing mechanisms.

关键词： vehicular ad hoc networks reinforcement learning dynamic channel assignment

Unicast routing protocols for urban vehicular networks:review, taxonomy, and open research issues

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2014年第7期15卷 489-513页

作者： Syed adeel Ali SHAH Muhammad SHIRAZ Mostofa Kamal NASIR Rafidah Binti MD NOOR Mobile ad hoc Technology Lab Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversity of Malaya

Over the past few years, numerous traffic safety applications have been developed using vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs). These applications represent public interest and require network-wide dissemination techniques. On the other hand, certain non-safety applications do not require network-wide dissemination *** applications can be characterized by their individual interest between two vehicles that are geographically apart. In the existing literature, several proposals of unicast protocols exist that can be used for these non-safety applications. Among the proposals, unicast protocols for city scenarios are considered to be most *** implies that in city scenarios unicast protocols show minimal persistence towards highly dynamic vehicular characteristics, including mobility, road structure, and physical environment. Unlike other studies, this review is motivated by the diversity of vehicular characteristics and difficulty of unicast protocol adaption in city *** review starts with the categorization of unicast protocols for city scenarios according to their requirement for a predefined unicast path. Then, properties of typical city roads are discussed, which helps to explore limitations in efficient unicast communication. Through an exhaustive literature review, we propose a thematic taxonomy based on different aspects of unicast protocol operation. It is followed by a review of selected unicast protocols for city scenarios that reveal their fundamental characteristics. Several significant parameters from the taxonomy are used to qualitatively compare the reviewed protocols. Qualitative comparison also includes critical investigation of distinct approaches taken by researchers in experimental protocol evaluation. As an outcome of this review, we point out open research issues in unicast routing.

关键词： Unicast protocols Taxonomy Protocol review vehicular ad hoc networks Geographic routing

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A Robust Emergency Messages Routing Scheme for Urban VANETs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2617-2632页

作者： Mumtaz Ali Shah Farrukh Zeeshan Khan Ghulam Abbas Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan Telecommunications and Networking Research Center GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan

vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic ***-based greedy protocols pick the next route vehicle for transmitting emergency messages(EMs)depending upon the present location of adjacent vehicles towards sink vehicles by using an optimal uni-directional road traffic ***,such protocols suffer performance degradation by ignoring the moving directions of vehicles in bi-directional road traffic where topological changes happen *** to the high number of vehicles,it is essential to broadcast EMs to all vehicles to prevent traffic delays and collisions.A cluster-based EM transmitting technique is proposed in this *** urban VANETs,this paper pioneers the clustering of bi-directional road traffic for robust and efficient routing of *** this regard,this paper introduces a routing protocol,namely,the bi-directional urban routing protocol(BURP).In addition to the paths and relative locations of vehicles,BURP takes account of the distance parameter by using the Hamming distance function to determine the direction ofmotion of vehicles and communicates EMs through the cluster head(CH).Amodified k-medoids algorithm is presented for the clustering of bi-directional road traffic.A median method is presented for selecting CH to ensure the longrunning of a *** results show that BURP provides enhanced throughput,a maximized packet delivery ratio,low energy consumption,and network delay relative to eminent routing protocols.

关键词： vehicular ad hoc networks bi-directional road traffic routing protocol emergency message broadcasting direction-based greedy forwarding

A V2V Emergent Message Dissemination Scheme for 6G-Oriented vehicular networks

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第6期32卷 1179-1191页

作者： CHEN Chen WANG Chenyu CONG Li XIAO Ming PEI Qingqi School of Telecommunication Engineering Xidian University The State Grid Jilin Province Electric Power Company Limited Information Communication Company KTH Royal Institute of Technology

To ensure traffic safety and improve traffic efficiency, vehicular networks come up with multiple types of messages for safety and efficiency applications. In sixth-generation(6G) systems, these messages should be timely and error-free disseminated through vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) communication to ensure traffic safety and efficiency. V2V supports direct communication between two vehicle user equipments, regardless of whether a base station is involved. We propose a packet delivery ratio(PDR)-based message dissemination scheme(PDR-MD) between V2V in 6G-oriented vehicular networks to select relay vehicles when broadcasting emergent messages. This scheme grasps the balance between vehicle distance and PDR so as to reduce transmission delay while ensuring reliable PDR. We compared the PDR-MD scheme with other probabilistic broadcasting schemes. The experimental results show that the PDRMD protocol can maintain close to 95% and above PDR in transmitting emergent messages, and the transfer rate stays below 40%.

关键词： 6G mobile communication Protocols Urban areas vehicular ad hoc networks Broadcasting Probabilistic logic Safety