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VANET Jamming and Adversarial Attack Defense for Autonomous vehicle safety

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3589-3605页

作者： Haeri Kim Jong-Moon Chung Department of vehicle Convergence Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea School of Electrical&Electronic Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea

The development of Vehicular Ad-hoc Network(VANET)technology is helping Intelligent Transportation System(ITS)services to become a reality.vehicles can use VANETs to communicate safety messages on the road(while driving)and can inform their location and share road condition information in real-time.However,intentional and unintentional(e.g.,packet/frame collision)wireless signal jamming can occur,which will degrade the quality of communication over the channel,preventing the reception of safety messages,and thereby posing a safety hazard to the vehicle’s passengers.In this paper,VANET jamming detection applying Support Vector Machine(SVM)machine learning technology is used to classify jamming and non-jamming situations.The analysis is based on two cases which include normal traffic and heavy traffic conditions,where the results show that the probability of packet dropping will increase when many vehicles are using the wireless channel simultaneously.When using SVM classification,the most appropriate feature set applied in determining a jamming situation shows an accuracy of 98%or higher.Furthermore,more advanced jamming attacks need to be considered for preparation of more reliable and safer autonomous ITS services.Such research can use vehicular communication transmission and reception data based on selected published datasets.In this paper,an additional adversarial defense algorithm using the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)method is proposed,which assumes that evolutionary attacks of the jammer will attempt to confuse the trained classifier.The simulation results show that applying DBSCAN can improve the accuracy by elimination of outliers before conducting classification testing.

关键词： vehicle safety VANET jamming SVM adversarial defense

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Design and evaluation of V2X communication system for vehicle and pedestrian safety

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2015年第6期22卷 18-26页

作者： Liu Zhenyu Pu Lin Zhu Konglin Zhang Lin School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

As the vehicles gain the extensive popularity and increasing demand, traffic accident is one of the most serious problems faced by modem transportation system. Hereinto, crashes between cars and pedestrians cause plenty of injuries and even death. Diverting attention from walking to smartphones is one of the main reasons for pedestrians getting injured by vehicles. However, the traditional measures protecting pedestrians from the vehicles heavily rely on the sound warning method, which do not capable for pedestrians focusing on the smartphones. As the smartphones become ubiquitous and intelligent, they have the capacity to provide alert for the pedestrians with the help of vehicle-to-pedestrian （V2P） communication. In this paper, an efficient vehicle-to-X （V2X） communication system is designed for the vehicle and pedestrian communication to guarantee the safety of people. It achieves the IEEE 802.11p and the WiFi protocols meanwhile on the on-board unit （OBU） designed for vehicles. Extensive evaluation shows that the OBU can provide the reliable communication for vehicle-to-vehicle （V2V） and V2P in terms of packet delivery rate and average delay. Furthermore, two safety applications have been developed to protect the safety of vehicles and pedestrians based on the data transferred from the OBU. The first application is designed to show the driving information and provide the collision forewaming alert on the tablet within the vehicle. The second application is developed for the smartphone to provide forewarning alert information to the smartphone-distracted vulnerable pedestrians. Smartphone states are appreciable to provide the adaptive alert modes. Experimental results show that these applications are capable of alerting the intersection accidents, and the pedestrians can get the adaptive alerts according to smartphone usage contexts.

关键词： V2X communication system pedestrian safety vehicle safety on board unit smartphone collision forewarning ＋

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Design of crashworthy attenuator structures as a part of vehicle safetyagainst impact:Application of waste aluminum can-based material

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2021年第2期11卷 85-93页

作者： Laksmana Widi Prasetya Aditya Rio Pr abowo Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Iwan Istanto Nur Azmah Binti Nordin Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Sebelas MaretSurakarta 57126Indonesia Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology(BPPT) Jakarta 10340Indonesia Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology-Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 54100Malaysia

The impact attenuator is an essential system in both race cars and urban vehicles.The structure of animpact attenuator serves as a safety barrier between the impacted surface and the driver in an accident.Attenuator materials tend to have a high price;thus,alternative materials were explored in the currentwork,i.e.,used cans from food and beverage containers.The study deployed a nonlinear finite elementalgorithm to calculate a series of impacts on the attenuator structures.The thickness of the cans andvelocity of the impact were considered as the main parameters.Analysis results concluded that the at-tenuator’s average energy was 16000 J for a can thickness of 1 mm.This value is more than two times the0.5 mm thick used cans.The attenuator’s new design was then matched with an attenuator regulation,and the results surpassed the standard value of 7350 J.

关键词： Attenuator structure Waste can vehicle safety Crashworthiness analysis Impact phenomenon

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Anthropometric Comparison of Three-Year-Old Nigerian Child and Crash Dummies

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2016年第4期6卷 192-199页

作者： Ibrahim Abdullahi Rafukka Barkawi Bin Sahari Abdulaziz Nuraini Arumugam Manohar Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Bayero University Kano Nigeria Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia

In this work, anthropometric data measured from three-year-old Nigerian child were compared with United States anthropometric database collected by Snyder, 1977 which formed the basis of US anthropometry used today. Further comparison was also carried out with the dimensions of crash dummies: Hybrid III three-year-old (HIII 3YO) and Q3s dummies in order to determine the validity of using such crash dummies for safety evaluation of cars and child restraint systems (CRS) used for Nigerian children. Anthropometric survey was performed on 30 Nigerian children aged 2.5 to 3.5 years old. Twenty three standard measurements were taken from each child including the weight, height and circumferences etc. Various percentiles mean and standard deviation values were obtained and compared with international database. As observed, the dimensions of three-year-old Nigerian child appeared to be about 25% lower than US data reported by Snyder. Significant difference was also found between the dimensions of three-year-old Nigerian child and crash dummies. This study provides the external dimensions of 3-year-old Nigerian child that could be used for crash dummy and CRS design.

关键词： Anthropometry Crash Dummies Child Restraint System Measurement vehicle safety

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The Performance of Pop-Up Hood and ITS Effect on Pedestrian Injury

The Performance of Pop-Up Hood and ITS Effect on Pedestrian ...

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2020中国汽车工程学会年会暨展览会

作者： Hu Liang Zhou Chengjing Chen Hongji Deng Qiang Dongfeng Nissan Passenger vehicle Company

In this study,by considering the mechanical structure and actuation principle of PUEH,the pop-up kinematic model was constructed,and the influence of various parameters on the pop-up time is described.Through the actuator performance test,the influence of actuator lifting force and hood quality on PUEH performance is verified.By the meantime,the influence of PUEH on pedestrian’s head acceleration and HIC injury value is verified by the head impact test The results show that the lifting force and hood quality is the key parameter affecting the springing performance.The larger the ratio of F to the mass of the bonnet,the faster the springing speed and the displacement The head peak acceleration and HIC value of the vehicle with PUEH is reduced by 24.4% and 31.6%,respectively.So the result is that PUEH can provide buffer for the pedestrian’s head and reduce head injury.

关键词： vehicle safety pedestrian protection Pop-up engine hood

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