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vegetation-Climate Relationship and Its Application in the Division of vegetation zone in China

Acta Botanica Sinica 2002年第9期44卷 1105-1122页

作者：方精云宋永昌刘鸿雁朴世龙北京大学生态学系北京1000871 华东师范大学环境科学系上海200062

Distribution of vegetation is closely coupled with climate; the climate controls distribution of vegetation and the vegetation type reflects regional climates. To reveal vegetation_climate relationships is the foundation for understanding the vegetation distribution and theoretically serving vegetation regionalization. vegetation regionalization is a theoretical integration of vegetation studies and provides a base for physiogeographical regionalization as well as agriculture and forestry regionalization. Based on a brief historical overview on studies of vegetation_climate relationships and vegetation regionalization conducted in China, we review the principles, bases and major schemes of previous vegetation regionalization and discuss on several contentious boundaries of vegetation zones in the present paper. We proposed that, under the circumstances that the primary vegetation has been destroyed in most parts of China, the division of vegetation zones/regions should be based on the distribution of primary and its secondary vegetation types and climatic indices that delimit distribution of the vegetation types. This not only reveals the closed relationship between vegetation and climate, but also is feasible practically. Although there still are divergence of views on the name and their boundaries of the several vegetation zones, it is commonly accepted that there are eight major vegetation regions in China, i.e. cold temperate needleleaf forest region, temperate needleleaf and broadleaf mixed forest region, warm temperate deciduous broadleaf forest region, subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest region, tropical monsoon forest and rain forest region, temperate steppe region, temperate desert region, and Qinghai_Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau high_cold vegetation region. Analyzing characteristics of vegetation and climate of major vegetation boundaries, we suggested that: 1) Qinling Mountain_Huaihe River line is an important arid/humid climatic, but not a thermal cli

关键词： China dynamic vegetation regionalization arid/humid climate northern limit of subtropical zone Qinling Mountain_Huaihe River line thermal climate vegetation_climate relationship vegetation regionalization vegetation zone

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vegetation Geo-climatic Zonation in the Rocky Mountains, Northern Utah, USA

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 656-673页

作者： Antonin KUSBACH Helga VAN MIEGROET Janis L.BOETTINGER James N.LONG Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center Utah State University Utah State University Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and Geobiocoenology Mendel University in Brno

We developed a vegetation geo-climatic zonation incorporating the zonal concept, gradient and discriminant analysis in Wasatch Range, northern Utah, USA. Mountainous forest ecosystems were sampled and described by vegetation, physiographic features and soil properties. The Snowpack Telemetry and National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program weather station networks were used to approximate the climate of sample plots. We analysed vegetation and environmental data using clustering, ordination, classification, and ANOVA techniques to reveal environmental gradients affecting a broad vegetation pattern and discriminate these gradients. The specific objective was to assess and classify the response of the complex vegetation to those environmental factors operating at a coarse-scale climatic level. Ordination revealed the dominant role of regional, altitude-based climate in the area. Based on vegetation physiognomy, represented by five tree species, climatic data and taxonomic classification of zonal soils, we identified two vegetation geo-climatic zones:(1) a montane zone, with Rocky Mountain juniper and Douglas-fir; and(2) a subalpine zone, with Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir as climatic climax species. Aspen was excluded from the zonation due to its great ecological amplitude. We found significant differences between the zones in regional climate and landformgeomorphology/soils. Regional climate was represented by elevation, precipitation, and air and soil temperatures; and geomorphology by soil types. This coarse-scale vegetation geo-climatic zonation provides a framework for a comprehensive ecosystem survey, which is missing in the central Rocky Mountains of the United States. The vegetation-geoclimatic zonation represents a conceptual improvement on earlier classifications. This framework explicitly accounts for the influence of the physical environment on the distribution of vegetation within a complex landscape typical of the central Rocky Mountains an

关键词： Ecological classification Ecosystemsurvey Land classification Zonal concept vegetation zone vegetation geo-dimatic zone Climate change

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Numerical simulation of flow through circular array of cylinders using porous media approach with non-constant local inertial resistance coefficient

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第1期29卷 168-171页

作者：詹杰民胡文清蔡文豪龚也君李志伟 Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering School of Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Aquatic vegetation zone is now receiving an increasing attention as an effective way to protect the shorelines and riverbeds. To simulate the flow through the vegetation zone, the vegetation elements are often simplified as equidistant rigid cylinders, and in the whole zone, the porous media approach can be applied. In this study, a non-constant inertial resistance coefficient is introduced to model the unevenly distribution of the drag forces on the cylinders, and an improved porous media approach is applied to one circular array of cylinders positioned in a 2-D flume. The calculated velocity profile is consistent with the experimental data.

关键词： vegetation zone cylinder array porous media inertial resistance coefficient

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Physicochemical composition and climate response of surface sediments at different altitudes in Motuo on the southern slope of the Himalayas

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地球环境学报 2024年第4期15卷 624-640页

作者： XIE Mengping SONG Yougui LAN Minwen ZHANG Mingyu HAN Yixiao National Key Laboratory of Loess Science Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China

Background,aim,and scope Certain physicochemical indexes of topsoil are closely related to climatic factors including temperature,and *** the relationship between modern topsoil properties and climatic factors is essential for quantitative paleoclimate *** located in the eastern Himalayas,exhibits a significant elevation gradient of over 7000 m from Nnamjagbarwa Peak(7782 m a.s.l.)to the Baxika(150 m a.s.l.).This region features a complete vertical zonation of vegetation,from alpine meadow to tropical forest,presenting an ideal place to investigate the relationships among vegetation,soil and climate conditions across altitudinal *** study aims to explore the vertical variations in the physicochemical composition of topsoil and its relationship with temperature and *** and methods Twenty-seven topsoil samples were collected at 100 m intervals from 800 m to 3600 m *** the southern slope of the *** size,magnetic susceptibility and geochemical elements were measured to discuss the vertical variation characteristics of topsoil composition and their correlation with climatic ***(1)The grain size of topsoil at different altitudes in Motuo is mainly composed of sand accounting for an averaged 53.2%,followed by silt and clay.(2)In the mixed forest zone,frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility(χfd%)shows a clear relationship with altitude,and clay is positively correlated with both altitude and climatic factors.(3)The oxides of topsoil in this area mainly consist of SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3) and Fe_(2)O_(3),followed by MgO,CaO,Na_(2)O and K_(2)O,with slight variations in the primary components at different *** sensitivity of elements to climate varies across different altitudes and vegetation zone,likely due to the region’s complex topography and vegetation.(4)Physical and biological weathering dominates in the broad-leaved forest zone of Motuo,while chemical weather

关键词： southern slope of the Himalayas Motuo topsoil altitude difference vegetation zone physicochemical indexes

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