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Can urban forests provide acoustic refuges for birds?Investigating the influence of vegetation structure and anthropogenic noise on bird sound diversity

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 163-175页

作者： Zezhou Hao Chengyun Zhang Le Li Bing Sun Shuixing Luo Juyang Liao Qingfei Wang Ruichen Wu Xinhui Xu Christopher A.Lepczyk Nancai Pei Research Institute of Tropical Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryGuangzhou 510520People’s Republic of China School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China Hunan Botanical Barden Changsha 410116People’s Republic of China Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic Guangzhou 510520People’s Republic of China College of Forestry Wildlife and EnvironmentAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

As a crucial component of terrestrial ecosystems,urban forests play a pivotal role in protecting urban biodiversity by providing suitable habitats for acoustic *** studies note that vegetation structure is a key factor influencing bird sounds in urban forests;hence,adjusting the frequency composition may be a strategy for birds to avoid anthropogenic noise to mask their ***,it is unknown whether the response mechanisms of bird vocalizations to vegetation structure remain consistent despite being impacted by anthropogenic *** was hypothesized that anthropogenic noise in urban forests occupies the low-frequency space of bird songs,leading to a possible reshaping of the acoustic niches of forests,and the vegetation structure of urban forests is the critical factor that shapes the acoustic space for bird *** acoustic monitoring in various urban forests was used to monitor natural and anthropogenic noises,and sounds were classified into three acoustic scenes(bird sounds,human sounds,and bird-human sounds)to determine interconnections between bird sounds,anthropogenic noise,and vegetation *** noise altered the acoustic niche of urban forests by intruding into the low-frequency space used by birds,and vegetation structures related to volume(trunk volume and branch volume)and density(number of branches and leaf area index)significantly impact the diversity of bird *** findings indicate that the response to low and high frequency signals to vegetation structure is *** clarifying this relationship,our results contribute to understanding of how vegetation structure influences bird sounds in urban forests impacted by anthropogenic noise.

关键词： Anthropogenic noise Bird sounds Urban forests vegetation structure

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vegetation structure and Regeneration Status of the Western Escarpment of the Rift Valley of the Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第1期12卷 94-111页

作者： Temesgen Dingamo Serekebirhan Takele Zerihun Woldu Sebsebe Demissew Biodiversity Conservation and Research Center College of Natural Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biology College of Natural Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Plant Biology & Biodiversity Management College of Natural & Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Understanding the structure and regeneration of forest resources contributes to identifying the elements of diversity, endemism, threatened and endangered species. This study was conducted in the western escarpment of the Rift valley of the Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The main objective was to investigate structure and regeneration status of the study area. A systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data from a total 102 quadrats, each 20 × 20 m (400 m2) and five 1 × 1 m (1 m2) sub-quadrats were established at the four corners and at the centre for sapling and seedling estimation. Tree and shrub species were listed;Height (H ≥ 1.5 m) and DBH ≥ 2 cm were measured and recorded. R-statically software and Microsoft Excel were used to record and analyse the data. A total of 126 plant species belonging to 43 families and 90 genera were identified. The most dominant families were Fabaceae, followed by Anacardiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Most frequent species were Euclea divinorum (84.3%), followed by Rhus natalensis (83.3%), Terminalia brownii (74.5%). DBH class ≤ 5cm had highest density (63.6%) and DBH ≥ 25.1 cm had the lowest density (0.87%). Three population patterns have been observed;inverted J, J-shaped and irregular shaped. 93% of species had IVI values b/n 1 - 4, 65% of species IVI values Pappea capensis, Combretum molle, Terminalia brownii, Euclea divinorum had highest IVI values. In the vertical stratification, lower story was 91.3% of the individuals. Only a few species contributed to the high density of saplings (440.2/ha) and seedlings (825.49/ha) while most had very little or no saplings and seedlings at all. Thus, in order to revert the current forest structure and regeneration to the previous natural state, it is considered important to minimize the influence of the human interference, grazing and raising awarene

关键词： Importance Value Index Regeneration Seedling/Sapling vegetation structure

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Floristic Composition, Population structure, and Recruitment Status of Plant Species: A Case Study of Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration Practices in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第2期14卷 141-154页

作者： Simon Kosgei Choge Samson Okoth Ojunga Dub Isacko Dokata William Kimen Chepkirui Justus Musau Faith Milkah Muniale Ivan Kiplagat Kiptui Kenya Forestry Research Institute-Rift Valley Eco-Region Research Program Marigat Kenya Kenya Forestry Research Institute-Lake Victoria Eco-Region Research Program Kisumu Kenya Kenya Forestry Research Institute-Rift Valley Eco-Region Research Program Londiani Kenya CRIFSUP Project World Vision Kenya Nairobi Kenya

The technique of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) is being promoted as a cost-effective approach for restoring degraded arable dry lands. Its effectiveness has been observed in many countries across the globe, where it is a traditional practice, and is now being encouraged across the African continent. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of FMNR on floristic Composition, vegetation structure, and Regeneration Status of woody Plant Species in the severely degraded Central Rift, Kenya. The study systematically assessed how FMNR influenced species composition, vegetation structure and regeneration status from two sample plots involved in FMNR practices. Transect lines and quadrats methods were utilized to collect data, specifically regarding the floristic composition, vegetation structure, and regeneration status of woody plant species. Quadrats and sub-quadrats of varying sizes (10 m by 10 m, 5 m by 5 m, and 1 m by 1 m) were nested along the transect lines for data collection. Furthermore, measurements of tree growth and development, including root collar diameter, diameter at breast height (D130) and heights within the study blocks, were taken. The data was then analyzed using R-software. Results showed a marked progressive increase in numbers of trees, saplings, seedlings, shrubs and herbs in all FMNR sites and reductions in all non-FMNR sites. The study advocates for widespread promotion of the FMNR practice both as an environmental conservation and restoration strategy.

关键词： Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration FMNR Floristic Composition vegetation structure Regeneration Biodiversity

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Paleoenvironmental implications of Holocene long-chain n-alkanes on the northern Bering Sea Slope

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第8期36卷 137-145页

作者： ZHANG Haifeng WANG Rujian XIAO Wenshen Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic Administration State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University

The records of high-resolution terrestrial biological markers （biomarkers） from Core B2-9 from the northern Bering Sea Slope over the last 9.6 ka BP were presented in the study. Variations in input of terrestrial long-chain n-alkanes （referred to as n-alkanes） and vegetation structure in their source regions were investigated. The results show that the nCz7 is the main carbon peak and has the greatest contribution rate of the total n-alkane content; this might be related to the abundance of woody plants and their spatial distribution in the source region, nC23 is another n-alkane having a relatively high content; this was mainly derived from submerged plants widespread along the coastal areas in the northern hemisphere. Total n-alkane content dropped quickly at ca. 7.8 ka BP, ca. 6.7 ka BP and ca. 5.4 ka BP, and was followed by four relatively stable stages mostly controlled by sea-level rise, climate change and vegetation distribution in the source region. Variation in carbon preference index （CPI） indicates that the n-alkanes primarily originated from higher land plants, and the average chain length （ACL） and nCa1/nC27 ratio reveal the relatively stable presence of woody/herbaceous plants during the Holocene, and dominate woody plants in most of the time. Simultaneous variation in total n-alkane content, nC27 content and its contribution, CPI, ACL and nC31/nC27 ratio over several short periods suggest that the growth rate of the woody plant n-alkane contribution was lower than that of herbaceous plants and fossil n-alkanes under the particular climatic conditions of the source region.

关键词： Bering Sea terrestrial input long-chain n-alkanes vegetation structure Holocene

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Shade coffee plantations maintain woody plant diversity and structure in a cloud forest landscape of southern Mexico

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 637-648页

作者： Edson AAlvarez-Alvarez R.Carlos Almazán-Nunez Fernando González-García Marlene Brito-Millán Alfredo Méndez-Bahena Sergio García-Ibáñez Maestría en Recursos Naturales y Ecología Facultad de Ecología MarinaUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39390 AcapulcoGuerreroMexico Laboratorio Integral de Fauna Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Químico-BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39090 Chilpancingo de los BravoGuerreroMexico Red Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados Instituto de EcologíaA.C.CP 91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States(UC MEXUS) Cuerpo Académico Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental SustentableFacultad de Ciencias Químico-BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39090 Chilpancingo de los BravoGuerreroMexico Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación Facultad de Ciencias Químico-BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39090 Chilpancingo de los BravoGuerreroMexico Laboratorio de Ecología Cuantitativa Facultad de Ecología MarinaUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero39390 AcapulcoGuerreroMexico

Cloud forest ecosystems of the Latin American tropics are highly threatened by changes in land-use such as expanding croplands and livestock pastures that promote shifts in the structure and composition of plant communities in these ***,shade coffee plantations represent a forest management alternative that has been shown to maintain biodiversity in these *** this study,we evaluated changes in the composition,diversity,and structure of Mexican cloud-forest woody species for three land use categories:cattle pastures,shade coffee plantations and advanced succession *** each category,fifteen 0.28-ha plots were established and the composition and diversity of vegetation was *** of species was analyzed using ordination methods,and alpha diversity was compared using Hill ***-seven woody species belonging to 40 families were *** richness and diversity was high in both the advanced successional forest and coffee plantations compared to cattle *** composition and structure was similar between late succession forests and coffee plantations with both land uses also being more structurally complex than cattle *** results show how shade coffee cultivation is a land-use activity that maintains woody plant communities in a manner that aligns with biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Land uses Late succession Plant diversity Shade coffee vegetation structure

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Wildland fires and moist deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh, India: divergent component assessment

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 857-866页

作者： B.H.Kittur S.L.Swamy S.S.Bargali Manoj Kumar Jhariya Department of Silviculture & Agroforestry College of Forestry Kerala Agriculture University Vellanikara Thrissure Kerala India Department of Forestry College of Agriculture Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur (C.G.) 492006 India Department of Botany DSB Campus Kumaun University Nainital–263001 (Uttarakhand) India

We studied moist deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh, India （1） to assess the effect of four levels of historic wildland fire frequency （high, medium, low, and no-fire） on regeneration of seedlings in fire affected areas during pre and post-fire seasons, （2） to evaluate vegetation struc- ture and diversity by layer in the four fire frequency zones, （3） to evalu- ate the impact of fire frequency on the structure of economically impor- tant tree species of the region, and （4） to quantify fuel loads by fire fre- quency level. We classified fire-affected areas into high, medium, low, and no-fire frequency classes based on government records. Tree species were unevenly distributed across fire frequency categories. Shrub density was maximum in zones of high fire frequency and minimum in low- frequency and no-fire zones. Lower tree density after fires indicated that regeneration of seedlings was reduced by fire. The population structure in the high-frequency zone was comprised of seedlings of size class （A） and saplings of size class （B）, represented by Diospyros melanoxylon, Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea robusta and Tectona grandis. Younger and older trees were more abundant for Tectona grandis and Dalbargia sis- soo after fire, whereas intermediate-aged trees were more abundant pre- fire, indicating that the latter age-class was thinned by the catastrophic effect of fire. The major contributing components of fuel load included duff litter and small woody branches and twigs on the forest floor. Total fuel load on the forest floor ranged from 2.2 to 3.38 Mg/ha. The netchange in fuel load was positive in high- and medium-frequency fire zones and negative under low- and no-fire zones. Repeated fires, how- ever, slowly reduced stand stability. An ecological approach is needed for fire management to restore the no-fire spatial and temporal structure of moist deciduous forests, their species composition and fuel loads. The management approach should incorporate participatory forest ma

关键词： forest fire diversity fuel load vegetation structure

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Status,structure and environmental variations in semi-arid mangroves of India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 163-173页

作者： G.A.Thivakaran Seema B.Sharma Abhiroop Chowdhury Arumugam Murugan Coastal and Marine Ecology Division Gujarat Institute of Desert EcologyBhujGujaratIndia Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KSKV Kachchh UniversityMundra RoadBhujGujaratIndia Department of Chemistry Manipal University JaipurDehmi KalanJaipur-Ajmer Express WayJaipurRajasthan 303007India Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Mandapam Regional CentreMarine Fisheries P.OMandapam CampusRamanathapuramTamil Nadu 623520India

The semi-arid mangroves of the Gulf of Kachchh,the largest ecosystems on the west coast of India,are poorly studied in terms of vegetation structure and environmental parameters in spite of their conservation ***,it is necessary to document the structural features of these mangroves in view of ongoing coastal industrial *** forest structure in 10 locations on the northern and southern coasts of the Gulf of Kachchh were assessed using the line intercept transect *** included density of young and mature age classes,tree heights,diameters at breast height(DBH)and aboveground biomass,along with seven significant environmental *** tree densities ranged from 350 to 1567 ***-1,while average height and girth at breast height ranged from 1.0 to 6.8 m and 3.0 to 137.0 cm,*** majority of trees(55.6%)were in B 1.8 m height class followed by a 1.9 to 2.4 m class(25.1%).DBH was most often in class 2 cm or lower than *** the canopy index classes,more trees were recorded in class ≤2 *** regeneration density was greater than the recruitment *** study indicates that the poor structural attributes of Avicennia marina *** Stapf and Mold dominated mangroves are largely due to aridity induced by scarce and erratic rainfall and high soil and water *** results should be valuable in conserving and sustainably managing these mangroves in the face of developmental activities.

关键词： Mangroves vegetation structure Abiotic factors Biodiversity Forest management Aboveground biomass Conservation

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Effectiveness of nature reserves for bird conservation in urban parks in Tokyo

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2011-2022页

作者： Kazuhiro Katoh Misako Matsuba The Open University of Japan Wakaba 2-11Mihama-kuChiba City 261-8586Japan Research Institute for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyNatsushima-cho 2-15Yokosuka-CityKanagawa 237-0061Japan

In some urban parks in Tokyo,semi-natural habitat patches are maintained as nature reserves for birds,called bird *** censuses and vegetation surveys were conducted in eight urban parks in Tokyo from December 2015 to July 2016 to determine the effectiveness of bird sanctuaries on avian species *** relationship between avian species composition and environmental conditions was analyzed by partial redundancy analysis(partial RDA)using vegetation variables,number of visitors,presence or absence of reserves within the same park,area of wooded parts,and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)in the surrounding *** results of the partial RDA are as follows:(1)Area,lower vegetation cover,higher vegetation cover,tree species composition obtained from detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)on vegetation survey data,and NDVI in the surrounding area were considered as covariates and explained 17.4-33.6%of the total variation in bird species composition,(2)The presence or absence of sanctuary significantly explained bird species compositional variation regardless of season,indicating that the sanctuaries were beneficial for urban avoider species not only in the sanctuaries but also in the surrounding wooded area,and(3)Tree coverage within a 100 m range and leaf litter coverage also influenced avian species *** concluded that bird sanctuaries and other nature reserves can be beneficial to bird conservation,even within *** positive effect of sanctuaries could be due to the limited influence of human presence and the developed vegetation within *** reserves may play the role of core habitats within the studied urban parks.

关键词： Avian species composition Leaf litter Nature reserve Tree coverage Urban biodiversity vegetation structure

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Distribution and space use of seed-dispersing rodents in central Pyrenees:implications for genetic diversity,conservation and plant recruitment

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 307-318页

作者： Jon URGOITI Alberto MUÑOZ Josep Maria ESPELTA Raúl BONAL CREAF Cerdanyola del VallésCataloniaSpain Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences Faculty of EducationUniversity Complutense of MadridMadridSpain Forest Research Group INDEHESAUniversity of ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain DITEG Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaToledoSpain Research group of Genetic and Cultural Biodiversity Research centre for Cinegetic Resources(CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain

The function and conservation of many forest ecosystems depend on the distribution and diversity of the community of rodents that consume and disperse *** habitat preferences and interactions are especially relevant in alpine systems where such granivorous rodents reach the southernmost limit of their distribution and are especially sensitive to global *** analyzed the community of granivorous rodents in the Pyrenees,one of the southernmost mountain ranges of *** species were identified by DNA with particular attention to the Apodemus species,which are prominent seed-dispersing rodents in *** confirmed for the first time the presence of the yellow-necked mouse,Apodemus flavicollis,in central Pyrenees,a typical Eurosiberian species that reaches its southernmost distribution limit in this *** also found the wood mouse,Apodemus sylvaticus,a related species more tolerant to Mediterranean *** rodents were spatially segregated by *** was rare at high altitudes,which might cause the genetic differentiation between populations of the different valleys reported *** also found other seed consumers like dormice,Elyomis quercinus,and voles,Myodes glareolus,with marked habitat *** suggest that population isolation among valleys may increase the genetic diversity of rodents,like *** also highlight the potential threat that global warming may represent for species linked to high-altitude refuges at the southern edge of its distribution,like Apodemus ***,we discuss how this threat may have a dimension in the conservation of alpine forests dispersed by these rodent populations.

关键词： DNA analysis Pyrenees rodents seed dispersal vegetation structure

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Environmental landscape determinants of maximum forest canopy height of boreal forests

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 96-102页

作者： Lingfeng Mao Christopher W.Bater John JStadt Barry White Piotr Tompalski Nicholas C.Coops Scott E.Nielsen Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2H1Canada Forest Management Branch Forestry DivisionAlberta Agriculture and ForestryEdmontonAlberta T5K 2M4Canada Department of Forest Resource Management University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V6T 1Z4Canada

Aims Canopy height is a key driver of forest biodiversity and carbon *** estimates of canopy height are needed for assess-ing mechanisms relating to ecological patterns and processes of tree height *** global scales forest canopy height patterns are largely controlled by climate,while local variation at fine scales is due to differences in disturbance history and local patterns in envir-onmental *** relative effect of local environmental driv-ers on canopy height is poorly understood partly due to gaps in data on canopy height and methods for examining limiting ***,we used airborne laser scanning(ALS)data on vegetation structure of boreal forests to examine the effects of environmental factors on potential maximum forest canopy *** Relationships between maximum canopy height from ALS meas-ures and environmental variables were examined to assess factors limiting tree ***,we used quantile regression at the 0.90 quantile to relate maximum canopy height with environmental characteristics of climate(*** annual temperature[MAT]and mean annual precipitation),terrain(***)and depth-to-water(DTW)across a 33000 km2 multiple use boreal forest landscape in northeast Alberta,*** Findings Maximum canopy height was positively associated with MAT,ter-rain slope and terrain-derived DTW,collectively explaining 33.2%of the variation in *** strongest explanatory variable was DTW explaining 26%of canopy height variation with peatland forests having naturally shorter maximum canopy heights,but also more sites currently at their maximum potential *** con-trast,the most productive forests(*** to xeric upland forests)had the fewest sites at their potential maximum height,illustrating the effects of long-term forest management,wildfires and general anthropogenic footprints on reducing the extent and abundance of older,taller forest habitat in Alberta’s boreal forest.

关键词： forest succession vegetation structure quantile regression remote sensing airborne laser scanning(ALS)

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