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Deep learning methods for biotic and abiotic stresses detection and classification in fruits and Vegetables:State of the art and perspectives

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第3期9卷 46-60页

作者： Sèton Calmette Ariane Houetohossou Vinasetan Ratheil Houndji Castro Gbêmêmali Hounmenou Rachidatou Sikirou Romain Lucas Glele Kakaï Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières Faculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of Abomey-Calavi04 BP 1525CotonouBenin Institut de Formation et de Recherche en Informatique University of Abomey-Calavi01 BP 526CotonouBenin Laboratoire de Défense des Cultures Centre de Recherches Agricoles d'AgonkanmeyInstitut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin(INRAB)01 BP 884CotonouBenin

Deep Learning(DL),a type of Machine Learning,has gained significant interest in many fields,including agriculture.This paper aims to shed light on deep learning techniques used in agriculture for abiotic and biotic stress detection in fruits and Vegetables,their benefits,and the challenges faced by users.Scientific papers were collected from Web of Science,Scopus,Google Scholar,Springer,and Directory of Open Access Journals(DOAJ)using combinations of specific keywords such as:’Deep Learning’OR’Artificial Intelligence’in combination with fruit disease’,vegetable disease’,‘fruit stress',OR‘vegetable stress'following PRISMA guidelines.From the initial 818 papers identified using the keywords,132 were reviewed after excluding books,reviews,and the irrelevant.The recovered scientific papers were from 2003 to 2022;93%addressed biotic stress on fruits and Vegetables.The most common biotic stresses on species are fungal diseases(grey spots,brown spots,black spots,downy mildew,powdery mildew,and anthracnose).Few studies were interested in abiotic stresses(nutrient deficiency,water stress,light intensity,and heavy metal contamination).Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks were the most used keywords,with GoogleNet(18.28%),ResNet50(16.67%),and VGG16(16.67%)as the most used architectures.Fifty-two percent of the data used to compile these models come from the fields,followed by data obtained online.Precision problems due to unbalanced classes and the small size of some databases were also analyzed.We provided the research gaps and some perspectives from the reviewed papers.Further research works are required for a deep understanding of the use of machine learning techniques in fruit and vegetable studies:collection of large datasets according to different scenarios on fruit and vegetable diseases,evaluation of the effect of climatic variability on the fruit and vegetable yield using AI methods and more abiotic stress studies.

关键词： Deep learning Prediction Fruits Vegetables Stress Agricultural yield

Prospective study of total and various types of Vegetables and the risk of metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第6期10卷 362-375页

作者： Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi Bahar Bakhshi Ekbal Betru Parvin Mirmiran Mina Darand Fereidoun Azizi Nutrition and Endocrine Research center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran 19395-4763 Iran Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran 19395-4763 Iran Endocrine Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran 19395-4763 Iran

BACKGROUND Data available on the association between consumption of various types of Vegetables and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain inconsistent. AIM To investigate the association between the intake of various types of Vegetables and MetS among children and adolescents and MetS. METHODS The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study cohort included 424 children and adolescents initially free of MetS. At the 3.6 year follow-up, 47 new cases of MetS were identified. A 168-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect information about total and various types of Vegetables consumed, including allium-, green leafy-, fruity-, root-, stalk-, starchy-, potatoes, and cabbage. MetS was defined according to the Cook et al[32] criteria. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) of total vegetable consumption was 217 (146- 344) g/d. After adjustment for demographic characteristics and dietary intake, higher total-(≥ 350 g/d) and higher allium vegetable consumption (≥ 30 g/d) in the fourth quartile were significantly and inversely associated with risk of MetS compared to the first quartile. Consumption of green leafy Vegetables in the third (21.4-38.3 g/d) versus the first quartile (≤ 13.5 g/d) demonstrated a significant inverse association with lower risk of MetS in children and adolescents;associations for other types of Vegetables consumed were not significant. CONCLUSION Consumption of Vegetables, especially allium and green leafy Vegetables, in sufficient amounts may be beneficial in reducing the risk of MetS among children and adolescents.

关键词： Metabolic syndrome Children and adolescents Vegetable Allium Green leafy Vegetables

Twelve Vegetables used for prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids in Persian Medicine

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019年第4期39卷 466-473页

作者： Pouran Andarkhor Mahmood Khodadoost Mohammad Kamalinejad Ramin Talaie Latif Gachkar Arman Zargaran Department of Traditional Medicine School of Traditional MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Shahid Modaress Hospital Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Traditional Pharmacy School of Persian MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

OBJECTIVE: To review the role of Vegetables to prevent and treat hemorrhoids in Persian Medicine(PM).METHODS: We search main Persian Medicine manuscripts, including the books of Liber Continens,Canon of Medicine, Great Elixir, Akbarie’s Medicine,Storehouse of Medicaments and Present for the faithful. Also, it was considered by searching in reference books and published papers with the help of PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar databases.RESULTS: Twelve Vegetables, relating to 8 plant families, have been found in PM that their effectiveness involved in laxative, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, analgesic and wound healing.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that 12 Persian Medicine Vegetables can be used to prevent and treat hemorrhoids.

关键词： Hemorrhoids Vegetables Plants,edible Phytochemicals Persian Medicine

Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd exhibited by different Vegetables

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第8期22卷 1246-1252页

作者： Junxing Yang Haitao Guo Yibing Ma Liqun Wang Dongpu Wei Luo Hua Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GIS College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China

It is an important approach to use the Cd-contaminated soils properly by growing low accumulator or excluder plants for Cd to produce safe foods. To find the suitable vegetable species for growing in Cd-contaminated soils, in the present study the variations in the Cd accumulation for twenty eight vegetable species and several cultivars of five common Vegetables （cowpea, kidney pea, bitter gourd, cucumber and squash） were investigated in two soil Cd levels （1 and 2 mg/kg Cd）. Experimental results showed that highly significant differences in Cd concentration were evident among 28 Vegetables. For example, spinach Cd concentrations were 110-fold and 175-fold higher than that of sweet pea under the 1 and 2 mg/kg Cd exposures, respectively. For Cd accumulation, the order of vegetable species was： leafy Vegetables solanaceous Vegetables kale Vegetables root Vegetables allimus melon Vegetables legumes. Distinctive differences were also identified when comparing different cultivars of the five common Vegetables with an average range of 0.003–0.094 mg/kg Cd. Our results indicated that a large genotypic variation existed among vegetable species or cultivars when subjected to Cd exposure. Therefore, it is important and feasible to elect/breed vegetable species/cultivars with low accumulation of Cd, especially in mildly Cd-contaminated soils.

关键词： Vegetables cadmium accumulation genotypic variations

Nutritional quality and safety aspects of wild Vegetables consume in Bangladesh

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第2期6卷 125-131页

作者： Miah Mohammed Abdus Satter Mohammed Murtaza Reza Linkon Khan Syeda Absha Jabin Nusrat Abedin Mohammed Faridul Islam Badhan Shaha Institute of Food Science and Technology Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Department of Food Science and Technology Moulana Bhasani University BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR)

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional composition, including major minerals, essential trace elements and toxic heavy metals of five different wild Vegetables Dhekishak(Dryopteris filix-mas), Helencha(Enhydra fluctuans), Kalmishak(Ipomoea aquatica),Patshak(Corchorus capsularis) and Shapla stem(Nymphaea stellata) and their safety aspects.Methods: Proximate parameters moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrate and energy; major minerals Na, K, Ca and Mg; trace elements Fe, Zn and Cu; and toxic heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Hg were evaluated in the selected wild Vegetables using the standard food analysis techniques.Results: The results from nutritional analysis showed that all the wild Vegetables used in this study had a low content of crude fat and high content of moisture, ash, crude protein,crude fiber, carbohydrate and energy having the recommended dietary allowances. The Vegetables were also rich in major minerals Na, K, Ca and Mg, sufficient in essential trace elements Fe, Cu and Zn while the heavy metals Pb, Cr and Ni were detected higher in amount in all the Vegetables except Patshak than the limits recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. The heavy metals Cd and Hg were not detected in any vegetable.Conclusions: The outcome of this study suggests that the wild Vegetables have very good nutritional potential to meet the recommended dietary allowances, but special awareness should be taken for public health concern about the high level of Pb, Cr and Ni which exceed the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization recommended limits for the metals in Vegetables.

关键词： Wild Vegetables Nutritional quality Mineral contents Heavy metals Safety aspects

Filtration assisted pretreatment for rapid enrichment and accurate detection of Salmonella in Vegetables

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第4期12卷 1167-1173页

作者： Bin Li Hanling Wang Jianguo Xu Wei Qu Li Yao Bangben Yao Chao Yan Wei Chen Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process Ministry of EducationSchool of Food and Biological EngineeringIntelligent Manufacturing InstituteHefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Anhui Provincial Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Hefei 230051China

Rapid detection of target foodborne pathogens plays more and more significant roles in food safety,which requires the efficiency,sensitivity,and accuracy.In this research,we proposed a new st rategy of isothermal-molecular-amplification integrated with lateral-flow-strip for rapid detection of Salmonella without traditional enrichment-culture.Th e designed syringe-assisted-filtration can contribute to simultaneous collection and concentration of target bacterium from vegetable samples in just 3 min,resolving the drawbacks of traditional random sampling protocols.After simple and convenient ultrasonication,samples can be directly amplified at 39℃ in 25 min and the amplicons are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with the designed lateral-flow-strip in 5 min.Finally,satisfied results have been achieved within 40 min,which greatly improve the efficiency while the accuracy is also guaranteed.Furthermore,all detection steps can be completed under instrument-free conditions.This method will hold great promise for target pathogen detection in the resource-limited district,or for emergency on-site identification.

关键词： Vegetables Salmonella Filtration enrichment Culture-free detection Enzymatic recombinase amplification(ERA) Lateral flow strip(LFS) Rapid detection Food safety

Antimicrobial effect of Malaysian Vegetables against enteric bacteria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第3期6卷 211-215页

作者： Hassanain Al-Talib Norliana Dalila Mohamad Ali Mohamed Harreez Suhaimi Siti Shafika Nabila Rosli Nurul Huda Othman Nur Ain Sakinah Mansor Amira Kartini Sulaiman Shah Nurul Syuhada Ariffin Alyaa Al-Khateeb Laboratory Medical Science Cluster Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activities of green Vegetables(pennywort,mint, garlic, parsley and celery) against four common enteric bacteria [Salmonella enterica(ATCC 25957)(S. enterica), Shigella flexneri(ATCC 12022)(S. flexneri),Escherichia coli(ATCC 43889)(E. coli) and Enterobacter cloacae(ATCC 13047)(E. cloacae)] as an alternative medicine for controlling food borne diarrhea disease and the synergistic effect of green Vegetables against those bacteria.Methods: Five common Vegetables(pennywort, mint, garlic, parsley and celery) were purchased and extracted. The antimicrobial activities of these extracts were tested against four common enteric bacteria(S. enterica, S. flexneri, E. coli and E. cloacae). Ten different concentrations of the extracts(from 640 to 1.25 mg/m L) were prepared and used for the study. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined by the broth dilution method. The antimicrobial activities were assessed by using both well diffusion and disc diffusion methods.Results: Garlic extract showed excellent inhibitory effects on all enteric bacteria. Other plants(parsley, celery, mint and pennywort) were not effective against enteric bacteria.The MIC of garlic against S. flexneri and E. cloacae was 40 mg/m L. The MIC of S. enterica and E. coli were 20 and 10 mg/m L, respectively. The performance of the well diffusion method was better than that of the disc diffusion method with clear and sharp inhibition zones of tested bacteria against plant extracts.Conclusions: Garlic had excellent antimicrobial effects against enteric bacteria and was recommended to be given to patients with gastroenteritis. The other Vegetables(pennywort, mint, parsley and celery) showed no inhibitory effects on enteric bacteria but still can be used for its richness in vitamins and fibers. The performance of the well diffusion method was better than that of the disc diffusion method in detecting the antibacterial effects of green Vegetables.

关键词： Antibacterial activities Green Vegetables Enteric bacteria Inhibitory effects

Anti-bacterial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of methanolic extracts of fourteen different edible Vegetables from Bangladesh

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第1期3卷 1-7页

作者： M.Obayed Ullah Mahmuda Haque Kaniz Fatima Urmi Abu Hasanat Md.Zulfiker Elichea Synthi Anita Momtaj Begum Kaiser Hamid School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Department of Pharmacy Southeast University Department of Pharmacy Jahangirnagar University Department of Pharmacy East West University

Objective:To investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of fourteen different edible Vegetables methanolic extract from Bangladesh.Methods:The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay method against 12 bacteria(both gram positive and gram negative).The plant extracts were also screened for cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay method and the lethal concentrations(LC_(50))were determined at confidence intervals by analyzing the data on a computer loaded with"Finney Programme??Results:All the vegetable extracts showed low to elevated levels of antibacterial activity against most of the tested strains(zone of inhibition=5-28 mm).The most active extract against all bacterial strains was from Xanthium indicum which showed remarkable antibacterial activity having the diameter of growth inhibition zone ranging from 12 to 28 mm followed by Alternanthera sessilis(zone of inhibition=6-21 mm).All extracts exhibited considerable general toxicity towards brine shrimps.The LC_(50)value of the tested extracts was within the range of 8.447 to 60.323μg/mL with respect to the positive control(vincristine sulphate)which was 0.91μg/mL.Among all studied extracts,Xanthium indicum displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with LC_(50)value of 8.447μg/mL.Conclusions:The results of the present investigation suggest that most of the studied plants are potentially good source of antibacterial and anticancer agents.

关键词： Bangladeshi Vegetables Antibacterial Disc diffusion Brine shrimp lethality

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Vegetables

阅读 2017年第29期 41-41页

作者：徐圣涵江苏省常熟市塔前小学六(1)班

Vegetables are good for us.They can keep us healthy.Carrots are good for our eyes.Tomatoes are good for our hearts.Celery is good for our bones.My favorite vegetable is carrot.I eat it every day because it contains a lot of vitamins.They are good for the eyes.And I have poor eyesight,so I should eat more carrots.So we should eat plenty of Vegetables to make us healthy and strong.

关键词： Vegetables