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Gut-microbiome-brain axis:the crosstalk between the vagus nerve,alpha-synuclein and the brain in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2611-2614页

作者： Júlio César Claudino dos Santos Leandro Freitas Oliveira Felipe Micelli Noleto Camilla Teixeira Pinheiro Gusmão Gerly Anne de Castro Brito Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana Christus University Center-UNICHRISTUS FortalezaCEBrazil Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences Federal University of Ceará-UFCFortalezaCEBrazil Universidade Católica de Brasília-UCB BrasíliaDFBrasil Postgraduate Program in Physiology and Pharmacology Department of the Federal University of Ceará-UFC FortalezaCEBrazil Physiology and Pharmacology Department of the Federal University of Ceará-UFC FortalezaCEBrazil

This critical review of the literature shows that there is a close link between the microbiome,the gut,and the brain in Parkinson's *** vagus nerve,the main component of the parasympathetic nervous system,is involved in the regulation of immune response,digestion,heart rate,and control of *** can detect microbiota metabolites through its afferents,transferring this gut information to the central nervous *** and clinical studies have shown the important role played by the gut microbiome and gut-related factors in disease development and progression,as well as treatment *** findings suggest that the gut microbiome may be a valuable target for new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's *** studies are needed to better understand the underlying biology and how this axis can be modulated for the patient's benefit.

关键词： alpha-synuclein enteric microbiota gastrointestinal tract Parkinson's disease vagus nerve

Preliminary analysis of the effect of vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of children with intractable epilepsy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第23期8卷 5918-5925页

作者： Tie Fang Zi-Hang Xie Ting-Hong Liu Jie Deng Shuai Chen Feng Chen Li-Li Zheng Department of Functional Neurosurgery Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijing 100056China

BACKGROUND Implant vagus nerve stimulation is an adjunctive treatment for intractable epilepsy when patients are not suitable for resective *** To identify the safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in children with intractable epilepsy and analyze the effects on different epilepsy *** Eligible children with intractable epilepsy were admitted to the *** collected data from preoperative assessments as the *** the followup time,we recorded the process of seizures(frequency,duration,and seizure type),the changes of drugs or parameters,the complications,*** mean reduction rate of seizures,response rate,and McHugh scale were chosen as the *** A total of 213 patients were implanted with Tsinghua Pins vagus nerve stimulators,and the average age was 6.6 *** the follow-up time of postoperative 3 mo,6 mo,12 mo,18 mo,and 24 mo,the average reduction rate was 30.2%,49.5%,56.3%,59.4%,and 63.2%,while the response rate was 21.8%,62.5%,57.1%,69.2%,and 70.7%.In addition,implanted vagus nerve stimulation had different effects on epilepsy *** reduction rate of West syndrome increased from 36.4%(postoperative 6 m)to 74.3%(postoperative 24 m).The reduction rate of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome improved from 25.4%to 73.1%in 24 *** chi-square test of the five efficacy grades showed P*** vagus nerve stimulation is safe and effective in children with intractable epilepsy,and the seizure reduction occurred in a time-dependent ***,patients with West syndrome may get the most benefits.

关键词： vagus nerve Stimulation Children Intractable epilepsy Epilepsy syndrome Operation

Performing robot-assisted pylorus and vagus nerve-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer:A case series of initial experience

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第10期14卷 1107-1119页

作者： Chi Zhang Mao-Hua Wei Liang Cao Yan-Feng Liu Pin Liang Xiang Hu Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011Liaoning ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Pylorus and vagus nerve-preserving gastrectomy(PPG)is a function-preserving surgery for early gastric cancer(GC)that has gained considerable interest in the recent *** operative technique performed using the Da Vinci Xi robot system is considered ideal for open and laparoscopic *** To introduce Da Vinci Xi robot-assisted PPG(RAPPG)-based operative procedure and technical points as well as report the initial experience based on the clinical pathology data of eight cases of early *** Da Vinci Xi robot-assisted pylorus and vagus nerve-preserving gastrectomy(RAPPG)was performed for 11 consecutive patients with middle GC from December 2020 to July *** measures were postoperative morbidity,operative time,blood loss,number of lymph nodes harvested,postoperative hospital stay,time to first flatus,time to diet,and resection *** Eight of the 11 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with early GC were enrolled in a retrospective study to assess the feasibility and safety of *** mean operative time,mean blood loss,mean number of lymph nodes harvested,length of preserved pylorus canal,distal margin,and proximal margin were 330.63±47.24 min,57.50±37.70 mL,18.63±10.57,3.63±0.88 cm,3.50±1.31 cm,and 3.63±1.19 cm,*** of the cases required conversion to *** complications occurred in two(25.0%)*** complications were hyperamylasemia and gastric stasis in one case and incision infection in the *** to first flatus was 3.75±2.49 d after the operation,andpostoperative hospital stay was 10.13±4.55 *** core technique in the Da Vinci Xi RAPPG is lymph node dissection and the anatomic methodof the *** surgical procedures are feasible and *** the progress of surgicaltechnology,optimization of medical insurance structure,and emergence of evidence-basedmedicine,automated surgery systems will have a broad application in clinical treatment.

关键词： Da Vinci robotic surgery system Gastric carcinoma vagus nerve Pylorus Gastrectomy

Pylorus- and vagus-nerve-preserving partial gastrectomy (D2 dissection)

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2013年第4期25卷 457-459页

作者： Jian Zhang Liang Cao Zhenglin Wang Chi Zhang Xiang Hu Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University

Pylorus- and vagus nerve-preserving partial gastrectomy is important in improving the prognosis of early gastric cancer surgery, reducing surgical complications and improving the quality of life for such patients. In the present case, pylorus- and vagus nerve-preserving partial gastrectomy was performed using the bipolar electrocautery dissection technique combined with D2 dissection along the lesser sac.

关键词： Gastric cancer gastrectomy vagus nerve pylorus

Effect of Efferent vagus nerve Excitation by Electrical Stimulation on Acute Liver Injury in Rabbits with Endotoxemia

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Journal of Nanjing Medical University 2004年第3期18卷 137-140页

作者： ZHENGChong-ming XUXing-rong WANGYong ZUOXiang-rong DepartmentofICU theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofNanjingMedicalUniversityNanjing210029P.R.China

Objective:To study the effect of electrical stimulation of efferent vagus nerve on the acute liver injury induced by endotoxemia in rabbits. Methods:Sixteen rabbits were randomly divided into stimulation group(Group A,n=8) and control group (Group B,n=8).They were subjected to bilateral cervical vagotomy and intravenously challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (*** 0111:B4,DIFCO,USA) at a dose of 100 μg/kg injected within 30 *** distal end of the left vagus nerve trunk was placed across bipolar electrodes connected to a stimulation module and controlled by an acquisition *** with constant voltage (10V,5Hz,5ms) were applied twice to the nerve for 10 min before and after the administration of LPS in Group *** the time 30,60,120,180,240,300 min before and after infusion of LPS respectively in each animal,blood samples were taken for late measurement of the serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT),Aspartate aminotransferase (AST),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).Immediately after the experiment was finished,autopsy was performed and liver samples were taken to pathologic study. Results:Compared with Group B,the electrical stimulation of efferent vagus nerve could significantly decrease the contents of ALT,AST and TNF-α,but increase the contents of IL-10,in serum of Group *** could also alleviate inflammation of liver tissue after LPS attack. Conclusion:The results suggest that excitation of the efferent vagus nerve can inhibit the inflammation cascade in liver after LPS ***,it might have a protective effect on acute liver damage caused by endotoxemia.

关键词： endotoxemia vagus nerve electrical stimulation

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for functional gastrointestinal disorders:From understanding to application

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Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第4期2卷 276-283页

作者： Mingyao Weng Jiayue Wang Yiran Liu ShuanglingOu Jinyi Xiang Guanting Huang Jingnan Xiong Qiuyan Wu Yuhan Zhou Hao Zhou Dan Wang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Second Clinical College Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital Department of TCM Prevention and Health Care ChengduChina Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina Chongqing University of Chinese MedicineChongqingChina

Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)are debilitating diseases of the digestive system that severely impair an individual’s qualityof life and impose a significant economic ***,themechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of FGIDs and effective treatment options remain *** auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS),a novel neuromodulation therapy,has shown promising therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of *** study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the development of taVNS and its relationshipwith vagus nerve stimulation and explored the clinical application of taVNS inmanaging FGIDs,including functional dyspepsia,irritable bowel syndrome,and functional ***,this study investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms of taVNS in FGIDs and reviewed its application as a holistic treatment approach,aiming to provide new insights into its therapeutic potential.

关键词： Application Functional gastrointestinal disorders Mechanism Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation vagus nerve

Auricular Acupuncture and Biomedical Research——A Promising Sino-Austrian Research Cooperation

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第12期21卷 887-894页

作者：荣培晶赵敬军李宇清 Daniela Litscher 李少源 Ingrid Gaischek 翟煦 WANG Lu 罗曼 Gerhard Litscher Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center Graz Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser MedicineResearch Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care MedicineMedical University of Graz

Treatment by auricular acupuncture has a long history. Ear-acupoint research has been advancing step by step in China and also in Europe. Auricles are rich in nerves, therefore a close relationship with different functions of the human body has been proved by the research teams of the two main authors of this article from China and Austria. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of regulating human body functions through electroacupuncture at the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, which is part of auricular acupuncture therapy. It is well known that the auricular branch of the vagus nerve is the only peripheral pathway to the cerebral cortex. Studies of the Chinese team on hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy and depression have shown that the mechanism of auricular vagus nerve stimulation （VNS） may be comparable with cervical VNS in terms of pathways. Auricular VNS has a broad clinical application prospect.

关键词： auricular acupuncture biomedical research vagus nerve

Nucleus accumbens receives gastric vagal inputs

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第3期25卷 17-21页

作者： Sangeeta MEHENDALE Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care IL 60637 The Pritzker School of Medicine The University of Chicago USA and Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research

AIM: To localize and characterize the response of single accumbal neurons to electrical stimulation of the gastric vagal fibers. METHODS: Unitary responses to electrical stimulation of the ventral and dorsal gastric vagal fibers which serve the proximal stomach were recorded extracellularly in the nucleus accumbens in anesthetized cats. RESULTS: The evoked units recorded in the nucleus accumbens consisted of phasic and tonic responses, with a mean latency of (396±43) ms. Convergence of ventral and dorsal gastric vagal inputs onto single phasic and tonic accumbal units was observed. For tonic inhibitory responses, convergence was exhibited when stimulation applied to both the ventral and dorsal gastric vagal branches resulted in a significantly longer inhibitory period than did stimulation of a single gastric vagal branch. Comparing the gastric vagally evoked accumbal unitary responses to the neuronal responses recorded in the nucleus tractus solitarius, parabrachial nucleus and hypothalamus in our previous studies, our data showed a higher percentage of single spike responses and shorter response duration’s in the nucleus accumbens than in the other nuclei. This suggests that the synaptic drive from the gastric vagal inputs to the nucleus accumbens is less powerful than in the other structures. CONCLUSION: The present study localized and characterized gastric vagally evoked responses in the nucleus accumbens, which suggest that the nucleus accumbens may process gastric signals concerned with the ingestive process.

关键词： nucleus accumbens unitary response,electrical stimulation vagus nerve stomach

Opportunities and challenges for developing closed-loop bioelectronic medicines

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 46-50页

作者： Patrick D.Ganzer Gaurav Sharma Medical Devices and Neuromodulation Battelle Memorial Institute

The peripheral nervous system plays a major role in the maintenance of our physiology. Several peripheral nerves intimately regulate the state of the brain, spinal cord, and visceral systems. A new class of therapeutics, called bioelectronic medicines, are being developed to precisely regulate physiology and treat dysfunction using peripheral nerve stimulation. In this review, we first discuss new work using closed-loop bioelectronic medicine to treat upper limb paralysis. In contrast to open-loop bioelectronic medicines, closed-loop approaches trigger ‘on demand' peripheral nerve stimulation due to a change in function(e.g., during an upper limb movement or a change in cardiopulmonary state). We also outline our perspective on timing rules for closedloop bioelectronic stimulation, interface features for non-invasively stimulating peripheral nerves, and machine learning algorithms to recognize disease events for closed-loop stimulation control. Although there will be several challenges for this emerging field, we look forward to future bioelectronic medicines that can autonomously sense changes in the body, to provide closed-loop peripheral nerve stimulation and treat disease.

关键词： spinal cord injury stroke plasticity closed-loop bioelectronic medicine machine learning nerve stimulation vagus nerve