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Use of various MgO resources for high-purity Mg metal production through molten salt electrolysis and vacuum distillation

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第2期11卷 562-579页

作者： Hyeong-Jun Jeoung Tae-Hyuk Lee Youngjae Kim Jin-Young Lee Young Min Kim Toru HOkabe Kyung-Woo Yi Jungshin Kang Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 124 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34132South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University1 Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeoul 08826South Korea Department of Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34113South Korea Korea Institute of Materials Science 797 Changwondae-roSeongsan-guChangwonGyeongnam 51508South Korea Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo4-6-1 KomabaMeguro-kuTokyo 153-8505Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National University2 Busandaehak-roGeumjeong-guBusan 44241South Korea

A green and effective electrolytic process was developed to produce high-purity Mg metal using primary and secondary resources containing Mg O as a feedstock. The electrolysis of various Mg O resources was conducted using a Cu cathode in MgF2– LiF – KCl molten salt at 1043 K by applying an average current of 1.44 A for 12.5 h. The electrolysis of calcined North Korean magnesite and seawater Mg O clinker yielded Mg alloys of MgCu2and(Cu) phases with current efficiencies of 89.6–92.4%. The electrolysis of oxidized Mg O-C refractory brick, aged ferronickel slag, and ferronickel slag yielded Mg alloys of MgCu2and(Cu) phases with current efficiencies of 59.3–92.3%. The vacuum distillation of Mg alloys obtained was conducted at 1300 K for 10 h to produce high-purity Mg metal. After vacuum distillation, Mg metal with a purity of above 99.994% was obtained. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the production of high-purity Mg metal from various Mg O resources using a novel electrolytic process with a Cu cathode, followed by vacuum distillation.

关键词： High-purity magnesium Magnesium oxide resources Electrolytic process Metal cathode vacuum distillation

Improving cold flow properties of palm fatty acid distillate biodiesel through vacuum distillation

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第1期7卷 43-51页

作者： Siew Ping Yeong Yen San Chan Ming Chiat Law Jordy Kim Ung Ling Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University MalaysiaCDT 25098009 MiriSarawakMalaysia Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University MalaysiaCDT 25098009MiriSarawakMalaysia

Palm fatty acid distillate(PFAD),a by-product of refining process of crude palm oil can be used as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production.However,the application of palm oil-based biodiesel is often hinder by its poor cold flow properties(CFP).Biodiesel fuel with poor CFP may crystallize and result in clogging of fuel lines,filters and injectors that cause engine operability problems.For that,a vacuum distillation method was designed and its feasibility and efficiency in improving the CFP was examined.A total of 13.60wt%of total saturated fatty acid methyl esters were successfully removed from the PFAD biodiesel,resulting in the improvement of the cloud point(CP),cold filter plugging point(CFPP)and pour point(PP)of PFAD biodiesel from 20℃,19℃,and 15℃to 13℃,11℃,and 9℃,respectively.It is remarkable that the improved CFPP satisfied the requirements for grade C summer biodiesel for temperate climates in EN 14212 standard.Additionally,Sarin(U FAME)empirical correlation was evaluated and it was found to have a good prediction of CFP for PFAD biodiesel,with lower than 2℃deviation.

关键词： Biodiesel Cold flow property Methyl palmitate Palm fatty acid distillate(PFAD) vacuum distillation

REEs recovery from molten salt electrolytic slag:Challenges and opportunities for environmentally friendly techniques

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1009-1019,I0001页

作者： Ziyan Yang Faxin Xiao Shuchen Sun Heng Zhong Ganfeng Tu School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China Key Laboratory for Recycling of Nonferrous Metal Resources(Shenyang) Shenyang110819China

Due to the unique physical and chemical properties,rare earth elements(REEs)play a significant role in the high-tech field.In the past few decades,the rare earth reserve in China has been gradually decreasing and more pressure has been exerted on the global rare earth supply for the increasing demand of REEs,which indicates that it is essential to recycle secondary resources to meet the rare earth demand.As for rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag(REMES),although its high rare earth content has potential huge economic value,its high fluorine content of approximately 10 wt%-20 wt%can pollute the environment.Three methods are used to treat REMES.Hydro metallurgical and pyro-hydrometallurgical methods have gotten a big success for solving most of the hydrometallurgical problems,while some problems,like long route and waste water,need to be solved.vacuum distillation is a new and promising method with a short process due to its harmlessness and high efficiency,but has shortcomings such as high energy consumption and material adaptability.This review presents these above three treatment methods,and the challenges and chances of using the recovery technique of REMES in an environmentally friendly way.

关键词： Rare earths Molten salt electrolytic slag Hydrometallurgy Pyro-hydrometallurgy vacuum distillation Recovery

Application of vacuum distillation in refining crude indium

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Rare Metals 2013年第6期32卷 627-631页

作者： Wen-Long Jiang Yong Deng Bin Yang Da-Chun Liu Yong-Nian Dai Bao-Qiang Xu The National Engineering Laboratory for vacuum Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization in Yunnan Province Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous vacuum Metallurgy

vacuum distillation is a technique suitable for low boiling and melting point materials,to remove the heavy and low vapor pressure impurities at low level.As indium has low melting point and high boiling point,it is suitable for refining by vacuum distillation.First,saturation vapor pressure for major elements in crude indium was calculated by the Clausius–Clay Prang equation,which could approximately predict the temperature and pressure during vacuum distillation process.Second,the activity coefficients for In–Cd,In–Zn,In–Pb,In–Tl at 1373 K,and In–Sn at 1573 K were acquired by means of molecular interaction on volume model.Vapor–liquid equilibrium composition diagrams of those above systems in crude indium were drawn based on activity coefficients.These diagrams could estimate the compositions of products in each process during the refinement of crude indium.Finally,1.2–1.6 ton crude indium was used per day when vacuum distillation experiments were carried out,and experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values of the vapor–liquid equilibrium composition diagrams.

关键词： vacuum distillation Crude indium Vapor–liquid equilibrium

Preparation of high-purity bismuth by sulphur deleadization in vacuum distillation

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2004年第6期14卷 1210-1214页

作者：熊利芝何则强刘文萍麻成金戴永年 China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Jishou 416000 Jishou University Kunming 650093 Kunming University of Science and Technology

The feasibility of separation of impurities in refined bismuth and sulphur deleadization with vacuum distillation was studied theoretically. Experimental studies on sulphur deleadization were carried out under vacuum. The influences of amount of sulphur, distillation temperature, vacuum degree and distillation time on deleadization were investigated and an optimal technical condition was achieved. The content of lead in refined bismuth can be decreased from 30 μg/g to 0.21 μg/g, which has reached the level of “5N” high-purity bismuth. Other impurities in refined bismuth can be also removed effectively under certain conditions.

关键词： vacuum distillation sulphur deleadization refined bismuth high-purity bismuth

Pretreatment of metallurgical sewage via vacuum distillation driven by low-temperature exhausted gas from steel plants

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2018年第3期25卷 291-297页

作者： Lian-yong Wang Chao Liu Zhu Ye Wen-qiang Sun Department of Thermal Engineering NortheasternUniversity Shenyang 110819 Liaoning China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry Northeastern University Shenyang 110819Liaoning China Shenyang Branch of China Aluminum International Engineering Co. Ltd. Shenyang Aluminum & Magnesium Engineering & Research Institute Co. Ltd.Shenyang 110001 Liaoning China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819 Liaoning China

The metallurgical sewage has very complex component and a significant environmental perniciousness and needs high treatment costs. In addition, too much low-temperature waste heat is emitted owing to the lack of suitable users. Considering these concerns, a low-temperature-driven pretreatment method via vacuum distillation was proposed to treat the sewage from the metallurgical production. It uses the sensible heat carried by low-temperature exhausted gases to drive the distillation of sewage. The distilled water can be reused into the process as new water supply, while the enriched wastewater is discharged into the sewage treatment center for subsequent treatment. Converter dust removal sewage was chosen to perform an experimental observation. The variations of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, suspended solids, electrical conductivity, and pH of the condensate under different vacuum degrees and evaporation rates were mainly investigated. It can be found that the quality of the condensate gets better under certain conditions, which validates the feasibility of the proposed approach. Furthermore, by comprehensively analyzing the water quality indices and their influencing factors, the optimal vacuum degree was suggested to be controlled between 0.07 and 0.09 MPa, and the best evaporation rate was between 40 and 60%.

关键词： Metallurgical sewage vacuum distillation Low-temperature waste heat Steel plant

THEORETIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF NONFERROUS METALS BY vacuum distillation

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 1996年第1期6卷 44-46页

作者： Liu Rixin Wu Hua Dai Yongnian Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Beijing 100044 Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093

The expressions of heat of evaporation for metals at different temperatures were deduced from Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the total change of enthalpy.Those of Pb,Cd and Zn were calculated.Results showed that theoretic energy consumption decreased a little with the decrease of e-vaporation temperature,which can be used to determine the energy demand while these metals are distilled at different process temperatures and pressures.

关键词： energy consumption heat of evaporation vacuum distillation

vacuum distillation refining of crude lithium (Ⅰ)──Thermodynamics on separating impurities from lithium

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2001年第6期11卷 937-941页

作者：陈为亮杨斌闵小波戴永年于霞柴立元张传福中南大学冶金科学与工程系湖南长沙 410083 昆明理工大学真空冶金与材料所云南昆明 650093

Thermodynamics on vacuum refining process of the crude lithium has been studied by using separation coefficients of impurities in the crude lithium and vapor liquid equilibrium composition diagrams of Li i binary alloy (i stands for an impurity) at different temperatures. Behaviors of impurities in the vacuum distillation process have been examined. The results show that fractional vacuum distillation should be taken to obtain metal lithium with high purity more than 99.99% Li, in which metal K, Na and partial Mg are volatilized at lower temperature of 673 ～ 873?K. Lithium is distilled from the residual liquid containing other impurities, such as Ca, Mg, Al, Si, Fe and Ni at higher temperature of 873 ～ 1?073?K and the chamber pressure is less than the critical pressure of lithium.

关键词： lithium refining vacuum distillation thermodynamics

THE SEPARATION OF Pb-Sb ALLOYS BY vacuum distillation

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 1991年第1期1卷 44-49,60页

作者： Dai Yongnian Zhang Guojing Kunming Institute of Technology Kunming 656093China

This paper summarizes the research results of vacuum distillation of Pb-Sb alloy and crude antimony.In our study,we have found the basic law which states that in Pb-Sb phase diagrams,the part which is rich in lead can be used to guide the purification of lead by distillation,while the part rich in antimony can be used to guide the purification of Sb.where the compositional point C is the azeotropic mixture.The technical experi-mental results at temperatures between 7OO-85OC are coincident with those of theorical study.The expanding experiment at the 100kg scale produced satisfactory results.

关键词： Pb-Sb alloy vacuum distillation separation coefficient