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Application of vacuum distillation in refining crude indium

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Rare Metals 2013年第6期32卷 627-631页

作者： Wen-Long Jiang Yong Deng Bin Yang Da-Chun Liu Yong-Nian Dai Bao-Qiang Xu The National Engineering Laboratory for vacuum Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization in Yunnan Province Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous vacuum Metallurgy

vacuum distillation is a technique suitable for low boiling and melting point materials,to remove the heavy and low vapor pressure impurities at low *** indium has low melting point and high boiling point,it is suitable for refining by vacuum ***,saturation vapor pressure for major elements in crude indium was calculated by the Clausius–Clay Prang equation,which could approximately predict the temperature and pressure during vacuum distillation ***,the activity coefficients for In–Cd,In–Zn,In–Pb,In–Tl at 1373 K,and In–Sn at 1573 K were acquired by means of molecular interaction on volume ***–liquid equilibrium composition diagrams of those above systems in crude indium were drawn based on activity *** diagrams could estimate the compositions of products in each process during the refinement of crude ***,1.2–1.6 ton crude indium was used per day when vacuum distillation experiments were carried out,and experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values of the vapor–liquid equilibrium composition diagrams.

关键词： vacuum distillation Crude indium Vapor–liquid equilibrium

Preparation of high-purity bismuth by sulphur deleadization in vacuum distillation

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2004年第6期14卷 1210-1214页

作者：熊利芝何则强刘文萍麻成金戴永年 China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Jishou 416000 Jishou University Kunming 650093 Kunming University of Science and Technology

The feasibility of separation of impurities in refined bismuth and sulphur deleadization with vacuum distillation was studied theoretically. Experimental studies on sulphur deleadization were carried out under vacuum. The influences of amount of sulphur, distillation temperature, vacuum degree and distillation time on deleadization were investigated and an optimal technical condition was achieved. The content of lead in refined bismuth can be decreased from 30 μg/g to 0.21 μg/g, which has reached the level of “5N” high-purity bismuth. Other impurities in refined bismuth can be also removed effectively under certain conditions.

关键词： vacuum distillation sulphur deleadization refined bismuth high-purity bismuth

Pretreatment of metallurgical sewage via vacuum distillation driven by low-temperature exhausted gas from steel plants

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2018年第3期25卷 291-297页

作者： Lian-yong Wang Chao Liu Zhu Ye Wen-qiang Sun Department of Thermal Engineering NortheasternUniversity Shenyang 110819 Liaoning China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry Northeastern University Shenyang 110819Liaoning China Shenyang Branch of China Aluminum International Engineering Co. Ltd. Shenyang Aluminum & Magnesium Engineering & Research Institute Co. Ltd.Shenyang 110001 Liaoning China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819 Liaoning China

The metallurgical sewage has very complex component and a significant environmental perniciousness and needs high treatment costs. In addition, too much low-temperature waste heat is emitted owing to the lack of suitable users. Considering these concerns, a low-temperature-driven pretreatment method via vacuum distillation was proposed to treat the sewage from the metallurgical production. It uses the sensible heat carried by low-temperature exhausted gases to drive the distillation of sewage. The distilled water can be reused into the process as new water supply, while the enriched wastewater is discharged into the sewage treatment center for subsequent treatment. Converter dust removal sewage was chosen to perform an experimental observation. The variations of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, suspended solids, electrical conductivity, and pH of the condensate under different vacuum degrees and evaporation rates were mainly investigated. It can be found that the quality of the condensate gets better under certain conditions, which validates the feasibility of the proposed approach. Furthermore, by comprehensively analyzing the water quality indices and their influencing factors, the optimal vacuum degree was suggested to be controlled between 0.07 and 0.09 MPa, and the best evaporation rate was between 40 and 60%.

关键词： Metallurgical sewage vacuum distillation Low-temperature waste heat Steel plant

Use of various MgO resources for high-purity Mg metal production through molten salt electrolysis and vacuum distillation

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第2期11卷 562-579页

作者： Hyeong-Jun Jeoung Tae-Hyuk Lee Youngjae Kim Jin-Young Lee Young Min Kim Toru HOkabe Kyung-Woo Yi Jungshin Kang Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 124 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34132South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University1 Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeoul 08826South Korea Department of Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34113South Korea Korea Institute of Materials Science 797 Changwondae-roSeongsan-guChangwonGyeongnam 51508South Korea Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo4-6-1 KomabaMeguro-kuTokyo 153-8505Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National University2 Busandaehak-roGeumjeong-guBusan 44241South Korea

A green and effective electrolytic process was developed to produce high-purity Mg metal using primary and secondary resources containing Mg O as a feedstock. The electrolysis of various Mg O resources was conducted using a Cu cathode in MgF2– LiF – KCl molten salt at 1043 K by applying an average current of 1.44 A for 12.5 h. The electrolysis of calcined North Korean magnesite and seawater Mg O clinker yielded Mg alloys of MgCu2and(Cu) phases with current efficiencies of 89.6–92.4%. The electrolysis of oxidized Mg O-C refractory brick, aged ferronickel slag, and ferronickel slag yielded Mg alloys of MgCu2and(Cu) phases with current efficiencies of 59.3–92.3%. The vacuum distillation of Mg alloys obtained was conducted at 1300 K for 10 h to produce high-purity Mg metal. After vacuum distillation, Mg metal with a purity of above 99.994% was obtained. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the production of high-purity Mg metal from various Mg O resources using a novel electrolytic process with a Cu cathode, followed by vacuum distillation.

关键词： High-purity magnesium Magnesium oxide resources Electrolytic process Metal cathode vacuum distillation

Pretreatment of lead anode slime with low silver by vacuum distillation for concentrating silver

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第3期20卷 615-621页

作者：李亮田阳刘大春周厚军戴永年杨斌 National Engineering Laboratory for vacuum Metallurgy (Kunming University of Science and Technology) State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization Key Laboratory for Nonferrous vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province

The feasibility of separation of lead anode slime with low silver by vacuum distillation was analyzed theoretically. The volatilization rates and mass fractions of elements, influenced by distillation temperature, heat preservation time and material thickness, were investigated under laboratory conditions. The experimental results indicate that almost all of lead and bismuth can be separated from silver-contained multicomponent alloy at 1 223 K for 45 min when the chamber pressure maintains at 10-25 Pa. Silver can be easily enriched in the residue and its mass fraction increases from 3.6% to 27.8% when the distillation temperature is between 1 133 K and 1 373 K. Due to the forming ofintermetallic compounds Cu2Sb, Cul0Sb3 and Ag3Sb, the antimony could not be evaporated completely during the vacuum distillation. EDS analysis indicates that the condensate has a columnar crystal structure.

关键词： Ag-contained multicomponent alloy vacuum distillation separation intermetallic compounds

Application of molecular interaction volume model in separation of Sn-Zn alloy by vacuum distillation

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第12期20卷 3372-3378页

作者：孔令鑫杨斌李一夫徐宝强韩龙刘大春戴永年 National Engineering Laboratory for vacuum Metallurgy (Kunming University of Science and Technology) State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization (Kunming University of Science and Technology) Key Laboratory for Nonferrous vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province (Kunming University of Science and Technology)

The activity of components of Sn-Zn binary alloy system was predicted based on the molecular interaction volume model （MIVM）. The calculated values are in good agreement with available experimental data of activities, which indicates that this model is of stability and reliability because the MIVM has a good physical basis. The vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of Sn-Zn alloy system in vacuum distillation was calculated as a function of the activity coefficient. The results show that the content of Sn in vapor phase is 4.2x 10-7 （mass fraction） while in liquid phase it is 90% （mass fraction） at 1 073 K, and the content of Sn in vapor phase increases with increasing the melt temperature and content of Sn in liquid phase. vacuum distillation experiments were carried out on Sn-Zn alloy for the proper interpretation of the results of the MIVM in the temperature range of 973-1 273 K under pressures of 15-200 Pa. The experimental results show that the content of Sn in vapor phase is 5x 10 6 （mass fraction） while in liquid phase it is 90% （mass fraction） under the operational condition of 1 073 K, 100 rain and 15 Pa. The experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values of the MIVM for Zn-Sn binary alloy system.

关键词： vacuum distillation molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) separation

Purification of indium by vacuum distillation and its analysis

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第2期20卷 337-341页

作者：李冬生戴永年杨斌刘大春邓勇 National Engineering Laboratory for vacuum Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization inYunnan Province Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology

High purity （99.999% or 5N, mass fraction） indium （In） was obtained through vacuum distillation using a 2N （99%） In as input material under a dynamic vacuum of 5 Pa. The glow discharge mass spectrometry （GDMS） was applied for the analysis of input material and the distilled indium. The results indicate that high-volatile impurities namely Cd, Zn, T1 and Pb can be removed from the indium matrix at the low fraction stage of 1 223 K for 120 min; Low-volatile impurities such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Sn can be reduced at the high fraction stage of 1 323 K for 120 min. The separation coefficient ,8i and activity coefficient Yi of impurities are calculated according to the experiments to fill the inadequate data of the thermodynamics.

关键词： vacuum distillation indium separation refining

Improving cold flow properties of palm fatty acid distillate biodiesel through vacuum distillation

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第1期7卷 43-51页

作者： Siew Ping Yeong Yen San Chan Ming Chiat Law Jordy Kim Ung Ling Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University MalaysiaCDT 25098009 MiriSarawakMalaysia Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University MalaysiaCDT 25098009MiriSarawakMalaysia

Palm fatty acid distillate(PFAD),a by-product of refining process of crude palm oil can be used as a potential feedstock for biodiesel ***,the application of palm oil-based biodiesel is often hinder by its poor cold flow properties(CFP).Biodiesel fuel with poor CFP may crystallize and result in clogging of fuel lines,filters and injectors that cause engine operability *** that,a vacuum distillation method was designed and its feasibility and efficiency in improving the CFP was examined.A total of 13.60wt%of total saturated fatty acid methyl esters were successfully removed from the PFAD biodiesel,resulting in the improvement of the cloud point(CP),cold filter plugging point(CFPP)and pour point(PP)of PFAD biodiesel from 20℃,19℃,and 15℃to 13℃,11℃,and 9℃,*** is remarkable that the improved CFPP satisfied the requirements for grade C summer biodiesel for temperate climates in EN 14212 ***,Sarin(U FAME)empirical correlation was evaluated and it was found to have a good prediction of CFP for PFAD biodiesel,with lower than 2℃deviation.

关键词： Biodiesel Cold flow property Methyl palmitate Palm fatty acid distillate(PFAD) vacuum distillation

THEORETIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF NONFERROUS METALS BY vacuum distillation

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 1996年第1期6卷 44-46页

作者： Liu Rixin Wu Hua Dai Yongnian Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Beijing 100044 Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093

The expressions of heat of evaporation for metals at different temperatures were deduced from Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the total change of *** of Pb,Cd and Zn were *** showed that theoretic energy consumption decreased a little with the decrease of e-vaporation temperature,which can be used to determine the energy demand while these metals are distilled at different process temperatures and pressures.

关键词： energy consumption heat of evaporation vacuum distillation