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Reservoir volume optimization and performance evaluation of rooftop catchment systems in arid regions: A case study of Birjand, Iran

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 125-133页

作者： Zinat Komeh Hadi Memarian Seyed Mohammad Tajbakhsh Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment University of Birjand Birjand 97175 Iran

This study evaluated the performance of rooftop catchment systems in securing non-potable water supply in Birjand, located in an arid area in southeastern Iran. The rooftop catchment systems at seven study sites of different residential buildings were simulated for dry, normal, and wet water years, using 31-year rainfall records. The trial and error approach and mass diagram method were employed to optimize the volume of reservoirs in five different operation scenarios. Results showed that, during the dry water year from 2000 to 2001, for reservoirs with volumes of 200-20000 L, the proportion of days that could be secured for non-portable water supply was on average computed to be 16.4%-32.6% across all study sites. During the normal water year from 2009 to 2010 and the wet water year from 1995 to 1996, for reservoirs with volumes of 200-20000 L, the proportions were 20.8%-69.6% and 26.8%-80.3%, respectively. Therefore, a rooftop catchment system showed a high potential to meet a significant portion of non-potable water demand in the Birjand climatic region. Reservoir volume optimization using the mass diagram method produced results consistent with those obtained with the trial and error approach, except at sites #1, #2, and #5. At these sites, the trial and error approach performed better than the mass diagram method due to relatively high water consumption. It is concluded that the rooftop catchment system is applicable under the same climatic conditions as the study area, and it can be used as a drought mitigation strategy as well.

关键词： Mass diagram analysis Non-potable water demand Reservoir volume optimization Rooftop catchment Rainwater harvesting

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The utility of point-of-care ultrasound in the assessment of volume status in acute and critically ill patients

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第4期10卷 232-238页

作者： Ali Pourmand Matthew Pyle David Yamane Kazi Sumon Sarah E.Frasure Department of Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:volume resuscitation has only been demonstrated to be effective in approximately fifty percent of *** remaining patients do not respond to volume resuscitation and may even develop adverse outcomes(such as acute pulmonary edema necessitating endotracheal intubation).We believe that point-of-care ultrasound is an excellent modality by which to adequately predict which patients may benefi t from volume *** RESOURCES:We performed a search using PubMed,Scopus,and *** following search terms were used:fluid responsiveness,ultrasound,non-invasive,hemodynamic,fluid challenge,and passive leg *** was given to clinical trials and review articles that were most relevant to the topic of assessing a patient’s cardiovascular ability to respond to intravenous fl uid administration using ***:Point-of-care ultrasound can be easily employed to measure the diameter and collapsibility of various large vessels including the inferior vena cava,common carotid artery,subclavian vein,internal jugular vein,and femoral *** parameters are closely related to dynamic measures of fluid responsiveness and can be used by providers to help guide fluid resuscitation in critically ill ***:Ultrasound in combination with passive leg raise is a non-invasive,costand time-effective modality that can be employed to assess volume status and response to fluid *** sonographic studies have focused on the evaluation of large veins such as the inferior vena cava,and internal jugular vein.A number of recently published studies also demonstrate the usefulness of evaluating large arteries to predict volume status.

关键词： Stroke volume Fluid responsiveness Ultrasound Non-invasive Hemodynamic

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Influence of uncertainties: A focus on block volume and shape assessment for rockfall analysis

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第9期15卷 2250-2263页

作者： Gessica Umili Battista Taboni Anna Maria Ferrero Department of Earth Sciences University of Turinvia Valperga Caluso 3510125TurinItaly

Block size and shape depend on the state of fracturing of the rock mass and,consequently,on the geometrical features of the discontinuity sets(mainly orientation,spacing,and persistence).The development of non-contact surveying techniques applied to rock mass characterization offers significant advantages in terms of data numerosity,precision,and accuracy,allowing for performing a rigorous statistical analysis of the *** fact is particularly evident when dealing with rockfall phenomena:uncertainties in spacing and orientation data could significantly amplify the uncertainties connected with in situ block size distribution(IBSD),which represents a relation between each possible value of the volume and its probability of not being *** addition to volume,block shape can be considered as a derived parameter that suffers from *** attempts to model the possible trajectories of blocks considering their actual shape have been proposed,aiming to reproduce the effect on *** authors proposed analytical equations for calculating the expected value and variance of volume distributions,based on the geometrically correct equation for block volume in the case of three discontinuity *** quantify and discuss the effect of both volume and shape variability through a synthetic case ***,a fictitious rock mass with three discontinuity sets is assumed as the source of *** IBSDs obtained considering different spacing datasets are quantitatively compared,and the overall uncertainty effect is assessed,proving the correctness of the proposed ***,block shape distributions are obtained and compared,confirming the variability of shapes within the same ***,a comparison between trajectory simulations on the synthetic slope is reported,aiming to highlight the effects of the propagation of uncertainties to block volume and shape *** benefits of an approach that can quantify the uncertainties are discussed

关键词： Rockfall In situ block size distribution(IBSD) Block volume Shape Uncertainty

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A SING ULAR PARAM ETERIZED FINITE volume METHOD FOR THE ADVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATION IN IRREGULAR GEOMETRIES

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2019年第5期37卷 579-608页

作者： Chang Yang Meng Wu Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Mathematics Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230026China

Solving the advection-diffusion equation in irregular geometries is of great importance for realistic simulations. To this end, we adopt multi-patch parameterizations to describe irregular geometries. Different from the classical multi-patch parameterization method, C 1- continuity is introduced in order to avoid designing interface conditions between adjacent patches. However, singularities of parameterizations can’t always be avoided. Thus, in this paper, a finite volume method is proposed based on smooth multi-patch singular parameterizations. It is called a singular parameterized finite volume method. Firstly, we present a numerical scheme for pure advection equation and pure diffusion equation respectively. Secondly, numerical stability results in L2 norm show that the numerical method is not suffered from the singularities. Thirdly, the numerical method has second order accurate in L2 norm. Finally, three numerical tests in different irregular geometries are presented to show efficiency of this numerical method.

关键词： Finite volume method Smooth multi-patch singular parameterizations The advection-diffusion equation Irregular geometries

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ON THE TOPOLOGY,volume,DIAMETER AND GAUSS MAP IMAGE OF SUBMANIFOLDS IN A SPHERE

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2004年第2期25卷 207-212页

作者： WUBINGYE DepartmentofMathematics ZhejiangNormalUniversityJinhua321004ZhejiangChina.

In this paper, the author uses Gauss map to study the topology, volume and diameter of submanifolds in a sphere. It is proved that if there exist ε, 1≥ε > 0 and a fixed unit simple p-vector a such that the Gauss map g of an n-dimensional complete and connected submanifold M in Sn+p satisfies (g, a) ≥ε, then M is diffeomorphic to Sn, and the volume and diameter of M satisfy εnvol(Sn) ≤vol(M) ≤ vol(Sn)/ε and επ ≤diam(M) ≤ π/ε, respectively. The author also characterizes the case where these inequalities become equalities. As an application, a differential sphere theorem for compact submanifolds in a sphere is obtained.

关键词： Gauss map volume Diameter Differential sphere theorem

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Does prostate-specific antigen (PSA)mass or free PSA mass improve the accuracy of predicting total prostate volume in relation to obesity in men with biopsy-proven benign prostatic hyperplasia?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第1期21卷 86-91页

作者： Jin-Woo Jung young Dong Yu Young Ju Lee Jung Jun Kim Hak Min Lee Jong Jin Oh Sangchul Lee Sang Wook Lee Sang Eun Lee Seong Jin Jeong Department of Urology Catholic Kwandong Univerisity International St.Mary's HospitalIncheon 22711Korea Department of Urology Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam 13620Korea Department of Urology Kangwon National University School of MedicineChuncheon 24341Korea

We evaluated whether the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)mass or free PSA (fPSA)mass (i.e.,absolute amount of total circulating PSA or fPSA protein,respectively),versus serum PSA or fPSA concentration,improves the accuracy of predicting the total prostate volume (TPV)in relation to *** men whose multicore (≥12)transrectal prostate biopsy was negative,586 who had a PSA of <10 ng ml^-1 and underwent the fPSA test prior to biopsy were *** PSA mass or fPSA mass (pg)was calculated by multiplying the serum level by plasma *** each TPV cut-off point (30 ml,40 ml,and 50 ml),the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCs)of each variable were compared in obesity-based *** of fPSA and fPSA mass for predicting TPV were significantly larger than those for PSA and PSA mass by 8.7%-12.1%at all cut-off points. Subgroup analyses based on obesity showed that,although PSA mass and fPSA mass enhanced accuracy by 4%(P =0.031)and 1.8%(P =0.003),respectively,for determining TPVs of ≥30 ml and ≥50 ml in obese and overweight men,they did not improve the accuracy in most other combinations of the degrees of obesity with TPV cut-off ***,compared with serum PSA or fPSA,the absolute amount of PSA or fPSA protein mass improved the accuracy of predicting TPV in obese men very minimally and only for certain TPV cut-off ***,these indicators may not provide clinically meaningful improvement in predicting TPV in obese men.

关键词： benign prostatic hyperplasia obesity prostate volume prostate-specific antigen mass

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Hydrogen bonding interactions between ethylene glycol and water:density,excess molar volume,and spectral study

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Science China Chemistry 2008年第5期51卷 420-426页

作者： ZHANG JianBin ZHANG PengYan MA Kai HAN Fang CHEN GuoHua WEI XiongHui Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry&Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHuhhot 010051China

Studies of the density and the excess molar volume of ethylene glycol (EG)-water mixtures were carried out to illustrate the hydrogen bonding interactions of EG with water at different temperatures. The re-sults suggest that a likely complex of 3 ethylene glycol molecules bonding with 4 water molecules in an ethylene glycol-water mixture (EGW) is formed at the maximal excess molar volume,which displays stronger absorption capabilities for SO2 when the concentration of SO2 reaches 400×10?6 (volume ratio) in the gas phase. Meanwhile,FTIR and UV spectra of EGWs were recorded at various EG concentra-tions to display the hydrogen bonding interactions of EG with water. The FTIR spectra show that the stretching vibrational band of hydroxyl in the EGWs shifts to a lower frequency and the bending vibra-tional band of water shifts to a higher frequency with increasing the EG concentration,respectively. Furthermore,the UV spectra show that the electron transferring band of the hydroxyl oxygen in EG shows red shift with increasing the EG concentration. The frequency shifts in FTIR spectra and the shifts of absorption bands in UV absorption spectra of EGWs are interpreted as the strong hydrogen bonding interactions of the hydrogen atoms in water with the hydroxyl oxygen atoms of EG.

关键词： hydrogen bond ethylene glycol water density excess molar volume

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Assessing gray matter volume in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第5期14卷 868-875页

作者： Xian-Hua Han Xiu-Ming Li Wei-Jun Tang Huan Yu Ping Wu Jing-Jie Ge Jian Wang Chuan-Tao Zuo Kuang-Yu Shi PET Center Huashan Hospital Fudan University Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital Fudan University Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Fudan University Department of Nuclear Medicine Technical University Munich

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(iRBD) is often a precursor to neurodegenerative disease. However, voxel-based morphological studies evaluating structural abnormalities in the brains of iRBD patients are relatively rare. This study aimed to explore cerebral structural alterations using magnetic resonance imaging and to determine their association with clinical parameters in iRBD patients. Brain structural T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 19 polysomnogram-confirmed iRBD patients(male:female 16:3; mean age 66.6 ± 7.0 years) and 20 age-matched healthy controls(male:female 5:15; mean age 63.7 ± 5.9 years). Gray matter volume(GMV) data were analyzed based on Statistical Parametric Mapping 8, using a voxel-based morphometry method and two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. Compared with controls, iRBD patients had increased GMV in the middle temporal gyrus and cerebellar posterior lobe, but decreased GMV in the Rolandic operculum, postcentral gyrus, insular lobe, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, rectus gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. iRBD duration was positively correlated with GMV in the precuneus, cuneus, superior parietal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum posterior lobe. Furthermore, phasic chin electromyographic activity was positively correlated with GMV in the hippocampus, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, cuneus, inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, and cerebellar posterior lobe. There were no significant negative correlations of brain GMV with disease duration or electromyographic activity in iRBD patients. These findings expand the spectrum of known gray matter modifications in iRBD patients and provide evidence of a correlation between brain dysfunction and clinical manifestations in such patients. The protocol was approved by the Et

关键词： nerve regeneration idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder synucleinopathies magnetic resonance imaging gray matter volume statistic parametric mapping voxel-based morphometry structure Parkinson’s disease neurodegenerative diseases neural regeneration

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Fuel combustion test in constant volume combustion chamber with built-in adaptor

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第4期53卷 1000-1007页

作者： JEONG DongSoo CHO GyuBack CHOI SuJin LEE JinSoo Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials

Combustion tests of pre-mixture of methane and air in constant volume combustion chamber(CVCC) have been carried out by means of flame propagation photo and gas pressure measurement,the effects of CVCC body temperature,intake pressure of pre-mixture of methane and air,equivalence ratio and location of the built-in adaptor have been *** whole combustion chamber can be divided into two parts,*** upper combustion chamber and the lower combustion chamber,by the built-in adaptor with through *** to the built-in adaptor with through hole,jet ignition or compression ignition(auto-ignition) phenomena may occur in the lower combustion chamber,which is helpful to getting higher flame propagation velocity,higher combustion peak pressure,low cycle-to-cycle variation and more stable combustion process.

关键词： constant volume combustion chamber(CVCC) built-in adaptor gas pressure measurement flame propagation photo methane

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Study of the Synergistic Effect Between Corrosion Inhibitors by Using Fractional Free volume

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2019年第6期35卷 1046-1051页

作者： LU Yuan ZHANG Chen WANG Wei ZHAO Jingmao College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029P.R.China Sinopec Marking South China Company Guangzhou 510620P.R.China Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029P.R.China

The fractional free volumes(FFVs)of the adsorption films formed with different ratios of dipropargyl methoxythiourea imidazoline(DPFTAI)and pyridine quaternary ammonium salt(16BD)were calculated by simulation to determine their synergistic corrosion inhibition *** results suggest that the composite corrosion inhibitor at the molar ratio between DPFTAI and 16BD of 4:1 gives the best corrosion inhibition *** simulation method to predict the synergistic effect between corrosion inhibitors was further validated by mass loss and electrochemical *** finding delivers valuable understandings of inhibition mechanism of corrosion inhibitors.

关键词： CO2/H2S corrosion Imidazoline Corrosion inhibitor Synergistic effect Fractional free volume

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