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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Messalata Central Hospital, Libya

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第8期9卷 749-754页

作者： Mahmoud A.Mohammed Tarig MS Alnour Osama M.Shakurfo Mariam M.Aburass Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Medical Technologies-Messalata Almergib University Department of Food Hygiene and Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Medical Technologies-MessalataAlmergib University Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences University of Tabuk

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection among patients at Messalata Central Hospital, Libya, to identify the causative bacteria, and to explore their resistance pattern to antimicrobials. Methods: A total number of 1 153 urine samples were collected from patients, who attended daily to Messalata Central Hospital, Libya, in a study extended for one year. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and isolates typing were done using Phoenix BD(BD diagnostic). Resistance was confirmed manually using agar disk diffusion method. Results: Of the 1 153 urine samples tested, 160(13.9%) samples were positive, from which 17 different, solely Gram negative, uropathogens were identified. Escherichia coli were the most prevalent(55.6%) bacteria, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae(16.3%), Proteus mirabilis(6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(5.6%), Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca(2.5%, each), Citrobacter koseri and Providencia rettgeri(1.9%, each), Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus vulgaris(1.3%, each), and Aeromonas caviae, Citrobacter freundii, Cronobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter amnigenus biogroup 2, Pseudomonas putida and Serratia marcescens(0.6%, each). The isolated uropathogens showed increased levels of resistance ranged from 10.5% to 64.5%, with an overall resistance of 28.9%. Amikacin was the most effective antimicrobial followed by Imipenem and Meropenem(0%, 0.6% and 2.5% resistance, respectively); while, Cephalothin and Ampicillin were the least(80.6% and 90.0% resistance, respectively) effective. Conclusions: The obtained results emphasized the emergence of highly resistant bacteria to most of tested antimicrobials and raise the alarm for physicians to change their treatment pattern depending on antimicrobial susceptibility results.

关键词： Urinary tract infection(UTI) uropathogens Significant Bacteruria Antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST) Antimicrobial resistance Enterobacteriaceae

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Prevalence of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli among Adult Male Patients 40 Years and above with Haematuria and Impaired Kidney Attending General Hospitals in Benue State

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第12期13卷 588-601页

作者： Cornelius Iwodi Grace M. Gberikon Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna Emmanuel O. Agada Department of Microbiology College of Biological Sciences Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi Nigeria

Haematuria is the presence of red blood cells in urine. It is most often caused by urinary tract infections of which Escherichia coli is frequently implicated. Impairment of kidney functions could occur as a result of infection or other complications of the kidney. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli among adult male patients with haematuria and impaired kidneys attending a general hospital in Benue state. Three hundred and sixty-eight (368) samples of urine were collected from 368 male patients (≥ 40 years) attending the 23 general hospitals in Benue state. Each of the urine samples was divided into two parts for haematuria and isolation and identification of Escherichia coli. Blood samples (368) were also collected from the patients and used for quantitative determination of creatinine and estimation of glomerular filtration rate. The presence of haematuria was 45.1% and ranges from 12.5% to 100%. Prevalence of haematuria with respect to age shows that patients within the age group of 90 - 99 years had the highest rate (100%) and the least were those within the ages of 40 - 49 years (20.0%). Isolation rate of uropathogenic Escherichia coli was 16.3% and ranged from 6.3 to 37.5%. Patients within the age group of 90 - 99 years had the highest elevated impaired renal function of 4 (80%), followed by patients within the ages of 80 - 89 years [17 (77.3%)] and the lowest were those within the ages of 40 - 49 [6 (10.0%)]. The overall presence of haematuria in the patients was high (45.1%) with similar high Escherichia coli isolation rate and impaired renal function which could mean that acute or chronic kidney disease may set in.

关键词： uropathogens Haematuria Escherichia coli General Hospital Impaired Kidney Function

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Epidemiological Study of Rapidly Emerging uropathogens Isolated from Urinary Catheter and Its Influential Demographic Factors Responsible for Contamination

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Advances in Microbiology 2020年第12期10卷 713-729页

作者： Anjali A. Tiwari Niraj Ghnawate Yogesh Khalshinge Department of Microbiology Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati India

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are very common in all the developed as well as developing countries in which the majority of infections are catheter associated. Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) is one of the major causes of hospital acquired infections. The aim of this study is to investigate influential demographic factors responsible for contamination associated with the rate of CAUTI, while taking into account type of urinary catheter used, the most common organisms found, patient diagnosis, age, gender, and comparison with other studies. During the study, 22 uropathogenic species were isolated from the different segments of urinary catheter samples of the patients collected from 12 different hospitals of Amravati city, Maharashtra, India from January 2015 to 2018. Gram negative organisms were the most frequent isolates, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.08%) being the most common followed by Escherichia coli (10%) and Candida albicans accounted for almost 11% of all the uropathogens. It was found that the majority of uropathogens were isolated from the section A (Catheter segment inside the bladder) and section E (Catheter segment connected to drainage tube) of the urinary catheter. The duration of the catheterization plays the major role in the contamination and further infection to continue. It was observed that the female catheterized patients are more prone to the contamination and infection as compared to male catheterized patient. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern indicates that MAR (Multiple Antibiotic Resistance) index was more than 0.2 for almost all the uropathogens tested concluding that there is antibiotic stress on uropathogens and rate of resistance increased rapidly. Also it was found that there was a statistically significant association between the duration of catheterization, type of disease, age of patient and type of catheter with respect to gender.

关键词： CAUTI uropathogens Urinary Tract Infection Urinary Catheter Contamination

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections： a central military hospital study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第23期127卷 4150-4151页

作者： Jaroslav Timko Faculty of Health Care Catholic University in Ruzomberok Institute of Clinical Microbiology of Central Military Hospital - Faculty Hospital Ruzomberok Slovakia

Urinary tract infection （UTI） remains one of the most common bacterial infections seen in hospitalized patients of all ages. Prevalence of UTIs increases with age and is often accompanied by higher resistance rates. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of resistance of most common enterobacterial uropathogens isolated from patients at Central Military Hospital and compare this resistance with the results found by the North America and Europe Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends （SMART） study during 2009-2010.

关键词： urinary tract infection uropathogens Escherichia coli resistance ampicillin-sulbactam

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Prevalence and antibiogram of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections at Dessie Health Research Laboratory,Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第2期4卷 164-168页

作者： Mulugeta Kibret Bayeh Abera Department of Biology Science CollegeBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79 Bahir Dar.Ethiopia Department of Microbiology.Parasitology and Immunology.College of Medicine and Health Sciences Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia

Objective:To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria from suspected urinary tract infections.Methods:A retrospective analysis of Imcterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility was done on urine samples at Dessic Regional Laboratory in the period 2003 to 2010.Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using disc diffusion technique as per the standard of Kirby-Bauer method.Results:The male to female ratio of the patients was 1:1.96.Of the total 1404 samples..119(22.7%,were culture positive.Escherirhia coli was the dominant isolate(63.6%) followed by Klebsiella spp.(8.5%) and Proteus spp.(8.2%).The overall resistance rates to erythromycin,amoxycillin,and tetracycline were 85.6%,88.9%and 76.7%,respectively,The three most frequently isolated bacteria had resistance rates of 80.1%-90.0%to.amoxycillin,and tetracycline and sensitivity rates of 0to 25%to nitrofurantoin,ciprofloxacin and genlamiein.Antibiogram of isolates showed that 152i47.85%isolates were resistance to two and more antimicrobials.Conclusions:In the study area resistance rates to erythromycin,amoxycillin and tetracycline were high.Since most isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and gentamicin.they are considered as appropriate antimicrobials for empirical treatment urinary tract infections.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance bacteria Ethiopia uropathogens

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The Bacterial Isolates and Plasmid Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producers Causing Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women in Uyo, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第7期3卷 25-30页

作者： Ifeanyi Abraham Onwuezobe Florence Effiong Orok Department of Microbiology University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that compromise the efficacy of all beta-lactams and are spread by plasmids. They are of public health importance the world over;however, in Nigeria in general and Uyo in particular, tests for their detection are not routinely done in hospital laboratories despite increase in treatment failures observed for common clinical conditions like urinary tract infection. Objective: To isolate ESBLs producing uropathogens and the plasmid underlying their resistance to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Three hundred urine specimens (n = 300) were collected from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at St. Lukes Hospital, Anua, cultured and incubated according to accepted standard. Identification of isolates was done using Microbact 24E (Oxoid, UK) system. The predominant bacterial pathogens were Escherichia coli (42%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (21%), Klebsiella oxytoca (12%), Citrobacter spp. (5%), Proteus mirabilis (7%), Enterobacter spp. (12%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (1%). The isolated bacteria were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility using Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommended disc diffusion method. A Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) and Phenotypic Disk Confirmatory Test (PDCT) were performed to determine ESBL production. Chromagar ESBL was also used to test for the presence of ESBL producing isolates. The plasmid content of ESBL producing isolates and their participation in drug resistance were investigated. Results: Of the 80 bacterial isolates causing urinary tract infection in these women, the ESBL producers were found to be 16 (20%). Out of these 16 ESBL producing urogenital isolates Klebsiella pneumonia (8, 50%) was the most prevalent. Others include Escherichia coli (38%), Klebsiella oxytoca (6%) and Enterobacter cloacae (6). Plasmid content of ESBL producing isolates was found to be 87.5%. Conclusion: The Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase producing uropathogens mainly of plasmid origin are increasingly res

关键词： ESBL Plasmid Content uropathogens

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Incidence and Etiology of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection among Admitted Patients at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital, South Western Uganda

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2019年第3期9卷 183-196页

作者： Benson Musinguzi Immaculate Kabajulizi Moses Mpeirwe Joseph Turugurwa Taseera Kabanda Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Allied Health Sciences Kampala International University Bushenyi Uganda

Introduction: Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection is the most common hospital acquired infection worldwide. Urinary Tract Infections among catheterised patients are on rise regardless of antibiotic use and this is due to erratic use of antibiotics, treatment failure, antimicrobial resistance and emergency of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing bacteria leading to patient distress, increased healthcare costs, long hospital stay and poor patient response to antibiotics. In Uganda, no previous studies have sought to study the burden of CAUTI among catheterized patients, the bacterial pathogens involved and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns yet there is upsurge in antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens. The effective management of patients suffering from Catheter Associated Urinary Tract infection (CAUTI) relays on the identification of uropathogens that cause CAUTI and the selection of an effective antibiotic agent to the uropathen in question. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine incidence, etiology and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among the uropathogens causing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections among patients with indwelling catheters at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: Using a descriptive prospective observational hospital-based study, the study was conducted on 150 catheterized patients recruited from Emergency, Obstetrics and gynecology, Medical, Maternity and Surgical wards at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital between April and May 2019. The urine samples from study participants were processed in Kabale RRH microbiology laboratory as per standard operating procedures. After isolation and identification, all the isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing for commonly used antibiotics. Results: Following the urine culture from 150 catheterized patients, urine from 23 (15.3%) patients showed significant growth. The common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli 12 (52%), followed by the Klebsiella pneumoniae 6 (26%), St

关键词： Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection(CAUTI) ESBL uropathogens Urinary Tract Infection Incidence

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Clino-Pathological Features of Urinary Tract Infection in Rural India

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2015年第4期5卷 132-139页

作者： Rutuja Raval R. J. Verma Hiten Kareliya Department of Zoology Gujarat University Ahmedabad India Global Baroda Hospital Vadodara India Narhari Hospital Vadodara India

The study was aimed to understand the clino-pathological characteristics of urinary tract infection along with the techniques used in diagnosis and treatment of the presenting infection. The study takes into consideration the various risk factors such as age, sex, and diabetes mellitus which can precipitate a urinary tract infection. The study was conducted at the Global Baroda Hospital, Vadodara and Narhari Hospital, Vadodara in the duration from January to March 2012, under the supervision of Dr. Hiten Kareliya. A questionnaire was prepared in accordance to evaluate risk factors of urinary tract infection. The patients under study were chosen according to specific inclusion criteria. The uropathogens were isolated with the help of biochemical testing. E. coli (38%) was found to be the most prevalent organism followed by Klebsiella and Candida albicans (both 10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9%), Staphylococcus (7%).

关键词： Urinary Tract Infections Bacteremia uropathogens E. coli Antibiotic Sensitivity Aminoglycoside Carbapenem Catheterization Diabetes Calculi Urosepsis

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Detection of Biofilm Forming Bacterial Communities from Urinary Catheter of Patients with Change in Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Triclosan Effect from Different Hospitals of Amravati City Maharashtra, India

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2017年第3期7卷 51-66页

作者： Anjali A.Tiwari Niraj Ghnawate Department of Microbiology Sant Gadge Baba Amravati UniversityAmravatiIndia

Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization at rates of per day with virtually all of those who undergo long-term catheterization becoming infected. Also antibiotics results in the adaptation and development of resistance leading to treatment failure, prolonged hospitalization, increased costs of care, and increased mortality. Methods: In the present study total 200 used urinary catheters were studied from the different hospitals of Amravati city in 2015-2016. Different bacterial uropathogens were isolated by conventional method and biofilm formation was studied by tissue culture plate (TCP). Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) of triclosan was determined by TCP. Results: Out of total samples 93% are contaminated. Around 59% urinary catheters contain mixed consortia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the strong biofilm forming and multidrug resistant organism. The most effective drug over seven bacteria isolates were chloramphenicol. Triclosan was used to test against the strong and moderate biofilm forming isolates the MIC of triclosan ranged between 1.5 and 1000 μg/ml and MBEC was between 800 and 3200 μg/ml Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that female are more prone to be infected with catheter associated infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be deadly caused of infection, as it is highly resistant to antibiotics. Also triclosan showed effective result on the bacterial uropathogens.

关键词： CAUTI Biofilm uropathogens Antibiotic Susceptibility Triclosan

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Prevalence and current antibiogram trend of bacterial isolates of urinary tract infections in outpatients at Helping Hands Community Hospital,Kathmandu,Nepal

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第10期4卷 813-815页

作者： Sunil Pandey Bivek Timalsina Department of Medical Microbiology Nobel CollegePokhara UniversitySinamangalKathmanduNepal

Objective:To ascertain the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria from urinary tract infections.Methods:A retrospective analysis of bacterial pathogens and antibiogram was done in Helping Hands Community Hospital Laboratory from August to November,2014.Results:The prevalence of bacterial isolates was higher among females(44.70%)than males(31.34%)(P<0.001).The most common bacteria were Escherichia coli 35(59.32%),followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 5(8.47%),Salmonella enterica 4(6.78%),Proteus mirabilis 2(3.39%),Proteus vulgaris 2(3.39%),Klebsiella pneumoniae 2(3.39%),Salmonella typhi 2(3.39%),Pseudomonas species 2(3.39%),Staphylococcus aureus 2(3.39%),Citrobacter species 2(3.39%),Acinetobacter baumannii 1(1.69%),Acinetobacter species 1(1.69%),Proteus vulgaris 1(1.69%).Conclusions:Most Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin,gentamycin and norfloxacin,and they are considered as appropriate microbials for empirical treatment of urinary tract infections.

关键词： Escherichia coli Antimicrobial resistance Nepal uropathogens

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