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Water quality impacts of small-scale hydromodification in an urban stream in Connecticut, USA

Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 106-115页

作者： Bin Zhu Daniel S.Smith Anthony P.Benaquista Dylan M.Rossi Betsy M.Kadapuram Man Lok Yu Andrew S.Partlow Nathan R.Burtch Department of Biology University of Hartford200 Bloomfield AvenueWest HartfordCT 06117USA College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University1 James Cook DriveTownsvilleQLD 4811Australia Department of Geography and Environmental Planning Towson University8000 York RoadTowsonMD 21252USA

Introduction:Construction activities in and along urban streams increase the sediment input into surface waters,causing an overall decline in water quality and aquatic *** this case study,we investigate the water quality impacts of local hydromodification in an urban stream(discharge 0.4 m^(3)/s).At the site of interest,workers removed a stream crossing consisting of an embankment with culverts and replaced it with a small bridge(single span of 25 m)in an effort to improve flow ***:Water samples were taken at four sites along the North Branch Park River in Connecticut,Northeastern United *** and dissolved oxygen(DO)were measured in situ,and nitrate and total phosphorus(TP)were measured in the *** macroinvertebrate samples were also collected and analyzed for taxon richness and Shannon-Weaver species *** were compared between upstream and downstream sites and before,during,and after *** used one-way ANOVA combined with the post hoc Turkey test to derive statistical ***:During construction,turbidity increased temporarily by 60.9%[from 2.48 Nephelometric Turbidity Units(NTU)over ambient to 4.00 NTU].Once construction was completed,DO increased locally from 11.0 to 13.0 mg/*** macroinvertebrate taxon richness and species diversity declined by 61.6 and 32.6%respectively,with no recovery observed in the year following *** quality was only affected within 50 m *** and TP concentrations were ***:Small-scale hydromodification temporarily increased the turbidity as a result of increased sediment input,approaching the maximum level for clean water(5 NTU).Benthic macroinvertebrate communities declined in the immediate downstream vicinity of construction but are expected to recover soon given that turbidity recovered to pre-construction levels,and DO *** outcomes emphasize that environmental assessment is important not

关键词： urban streams Pollution Hydrologic services Water quality Benthic macroinvertebrates North Branch Park River

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Hydrologic Time Scale:A Fundamental Stream Characteristic

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1291-1297页

作者： Robert E.Criss Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO63130USA

A new,fundamental catchment attribute called the hydrologic time scaleτgoverns the rate of delivery of runoff to a particular site,and is equal to∫Qdt/∫|dQ|,where Q is discharge and t is *** value ofτfor any gauged site is readily calculated from tabulated discharge data by replacing the integrals with *** quantity,coupled with the square root of catchment area,√A,form a coordinate pair that embodies the characteristic time and length scales for any catchment,which govern its flow *** fitting constants used in several unit hydrograph models are simple multiples ofτ,so knowledge ofτallows rapid calibration of these models for the particular site,facilitating flow prediction from rainfall *** ofτreflect many different landscape attributes,but for multiple sub-basins in watersheds with homogeneous land use and lithologic conditions,they correlate linearly with √*** ratio √A/τprovides a characteristic velocity that is high for channelized,floodprone rivers,for flashy urban streams with high impervious cover,and for sites downstream of hydropower *** with low velocities are resistant to flooding,as their landscapes have a greater ability to delay the delivery of runoff by retention,detention,and infiltration into the groundwater system.

关键词： unit hydrograph time constant flash floods impervious cover urban streams flashiness hydrogeology

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