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Optimization of an Alternative Methodology for Simultaneous Analysis of Nitrite and Nitrate in Water from urban stream by Capillary Electrophoresis under Direct UV Detection

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第7期3卷 484-490页

作者： Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira Denise do Carmo Soares Gláucia Soares Tostes Mara do Carmo Guimaraes Fernando Antonio Simas Vaz Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias ExatasUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaJuiz de ForaBrazil Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Juiz de ForaCidade UniversitáriaJuiz de ForaBrazil

An alternative methodology for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate by capillary zone electrophoresis using direct detection UV at 210 nm under reverse electrosmotic flow is proposed. The choice of the electrolyte composition has taken account: the mobility of the anion buffer and of the solutes;the low absorbance of the buffer in 210 nm;high base line stability and analysis time. The electrolyte optimized has consisted of 100 mmol.L–1 TRIS/HCl buffer and 0.15 mmol.L–1 CTAB at pH 8.2. The proposed method was applied successfully in the analysis of nitrite and nitrate in samples from urban stream in the absence of usual sample pretreatment.

关键词： Capillary Electrophoresis Nitrite Nitrate urban stream

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Influence of bed heterogeneity and habitat type on macroinvertebrate uptake in peri-urban streams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2010年第3期25卷 203-220页

作者： REID, H. E. BRIERLEY, G. J. BOOTHROYD, I. K. G School of Environment University of Auckland 10 Symonds St Auckland New Zealand Research Scientist Golder Associates LtD PO Box 33-849 Takapuna 0622 Auckland New Zealand

The role of geomorphic structure, referred to as physical heterogeneity, and its influence upon the colonization of habitat by macroinvertebrates was analysed in the peri-urban, Twin streams Catchment, in West Auckland, New Zealand. Using a cross-scalar approach, 4 riffle-run assemblages were analysed in each of 2 River Styles (a confined, low sinuosity, gravel bed river and a partly confined, low sinuosity, bedrock, cobble, and gravel bed river). Each of these 8 locations comprised 2 distinct sampling areas; the upstream zone had a more heterogeneous river bed with a high diversity of physical features and flow, whilst the downstream area had a more homogeneous structure. Microhabitat features sampled at each site included streambed material, bank margins, fine grained organic debris, wood, and boulders. Habitat mosaics and their associated macroinvertebrate relationships followed a semi-predictable but interrupted pattern, supporting the view that river systems are a patchy discontinuum. Homogeneous zones were more frequently characterised by higher proportions of Trichoptera than heterogeneous zones, whilst heterogeneous zones were frequently characterised by Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera. Diversity was maximised when the species pools from heterogeneous and homogeneous sites were combined for any given site. Functional habitats influenced macroinvertebrate assemblages in non-linear and complex ways. Wood and organic debris habitats were associated with high diversity, abundance, and sensitive species whereas streambed habitat was usually associated with low diversity. A diverse range of physical zones that approximates the ’natural range of behaviour’ for the given type of stream was considered to provide a more effective platform for rehabilitation planning than emphasising heterogeneity of physical structure in its own right.

关键词： Heterogeneity Functional habitat urban stream Rehabilitation Geomorphology Macroinvertebrates

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