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Recreational Attractiveness of urban parks and Implications for Their Management:A Case Study in Changchun,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第3期32卷 456-466页

作者： MAO Zhixia WANG Wenjie REN Zhibin ZHANG Dan HE Xingyuan Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystems and also provide recreational services for urban residents.However,it is still unclear how the recreational attractiveness of urban parks can be evaluated.In this study,12 typical parks in Changchun,China were selected for evaluation of their recreational attractiveness.We built a recreational attractiveness evaluation system based on the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to produce a composite evaluation index.This method included:1)the landscape quality of the parks;2)the recreational facilities;3)the conditions of the area;and 4)the accessibility of the parks.Our results showed that Nanhu Park,Children’s Park,Shengli Park,and Jingyuetan Forest Park had high recreational attractiveness,whereas Linyuan Park had the lowest attractiveness among the 12 parks.These results agreed with the information obtained from a field survey of the actual recreational and revisit rates,which showed that the evaluation index is reliable.Correlation analysis showed that the landscape quality and recreational facilities of parks had a direct effect on their recreational attractiveness.A negative correlation was found between the accessibility of a park and its recreational attractiveness.We conclude that if the scenery and facilities are not as good as a visitor expects,then they may choose to visit a different park,even if it takes a longer time to reach.

关键词： questionnaire survey analytic hierarchy process recreational attractiveness management implications perception of residents urban parks

Low-Density Microplastics in Recreational parks of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates: Abundance, Composition, and Potential Effects on Soil Health

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第2期15卷 109-123页

作者： Rener De Jesus Ahmed Abuibaid Bassam Al-Hindawi Ruwaya AlKendi Department of Biology College of Science United Arab Emirates University Al Ain UAE Department of Chemistry College of Science United Arab Emirates University Al Ain UAE

Microplastics (MPs) have been an emerging concern due to their harmful effects on the ecosystem and are ubiquitous in various habitats, from marine to terrestrial environments. However, studies on the presence of MPs in recreational areas are limited. One of the previous works has reported that urban recreational parks are considered “sinks” for plastic debris, including MPs. In this study, low-density MPs (LD-MPs) in soil samples collected from recreational parks of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) were isolated by density flotation method. Results showed that these parks have varying levels of LD-MPs caused by various anthropogenic activities, such as sludge use and application of reclaimed water from wastewater treatment facilities in those areas. These plastic particles were isolated in 87% of the soil samples, with an average concentration of 1550 ± 340 MPs/kg. Predominantly, these comprised large LD-MPs (300 - 5000 μm), with red and blue being the most common colors. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified possible synthetic polymers, including polyethylene and polypropylene. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between LD-MP concentration and soil pH and moisture content, indicating potential adverse effects on soil health. These findings highlight the need for monitoring and managing microplastic pollution in urban recreational areas to mitigate its ecological impacts.

关键词： Plastic Particles FTIR Analysis Microfibers Soil Pollutants urban parks

Modeling relationships between the network distance and travel time dynamics for assessing equity of accessibility to urban parks

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第3期24卷 509-526页

作者： Tahereh Ghaemi Rad Abbas Alimohammadi GIS Department Faculty of Geomatics EngineeringCenter of Excellence in Geospatial Information TechnologyK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran

Static models of accessibility are usually based on the fixed distance or Average Travel Time(ATT)models.Because of ignoring the traffic as a dynamic process affecting the accessibility through the change of Travel Time(TT),these models lead to unperceived temporal inequities.In contrast to the consideration of the temporal Variation of TT(VTT)in the previous studies,the variation of traffic-related TT and its relations with network distance has not been considered.In this study,relations between VTT and network distance to access urban parks in Tehran megacity has been modeled.Traffic maps at five times of day are used to produce TT maps of Traffic Analysis Zones(TAZs)to their 3-closest parks.Comparison of the Gini coefficients of accessibility show significant inequities of accessibility at different times of day.Relations between the distance,ATT,and TT_(max) are modeled by statistical analysis.Results show both TT and TTmax have significant positive relations with distance and traffic and reach their maximum at 6 p.m.Observation of significant relations between distance,ATT,TT_(max),and VTT provides interesting knowledge for the conversion of temporal measures of equity(TT)to a physical measure of equity(distance).A simple application of these findings for effective management of the spatiotemporal inequities is the definition of critical distances from public services.As an example,to decrease the TT_(max) of TAZs to less than 12 min,their maximum distance to the closest parks should be less than 4 km.The developed approach can be adopted for the accessibility evaluation of the other public services,particularly the health and education centers.

关键词： Spatiotemporal equity accessibility travel time variability Gini coefficient Lorenz curve urban parks Tehran megacity

Planting design for urban parks： Space syntax as a landscape design assessment tool

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2015年第1期4卷 35-45页

作者： Ayman Hassaan Mahmoud Reham H. Omar Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza 12211 Egypt The Canadian International College Egypt

Trees are a major factor in defining the spatial qualities of outdoor spaces. This study investigates the influence of spatial configuration produced by the proposed tree planting design on the visual fields of an urban park using space syntax theory. Space syntax theory assumes that an urban area can be represented as a matrix of connected spaces. The quantitative properties of this matrix in the form of syntactic measures can be measured using computer simulations. This research investigates how space syntax techniques can help assess the effect of tree configurations on the social structure of a small-scale garden in an urban park. Such techniques are assumed useful in predicting the social structure of the proposed space and in assessing design alternatives. An experimental study using three different planting design proposals for an urban park is conducted. Data are analyzed using space syntax techniques. Results reveal a significant effect of planting configurations on syntactic measures across the three proposals. This study suggests that space syntax techniques may have a significant value in the assessment of schematic planting design, especially at the pedestrian movement level.

关键词： Landscape desisn Space syntax Plantins urban parks Cairo

Many public urban parks, but who profits from them? The example of Tabriz, Iran

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Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 72-86页

作者： Jürgen Breuste Akbar Rahimi Research Group for urban and Landscape Ecology Department of Geography and GeologyUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria Department of Landscape Engineering University of TabrizBolvare 29 BahmanTabrizIran

Introduction:Public urban parks are accessible to everyone in a city.The time people need to reach a public park influences the accessibility of the park.parks far away from home are less accessible because of time to spend to reach them than those in the neighborhood.Good green urban infrastructure aims to provide different types of parks(by size and structure)to all urban dwellers.The network of parks should allow all inhabitants to have access to parks within close proximity to their residences.Methods:This paper aims to investigate the accessibility of parks as related to the social status of the inhabitants.This was investigated using the example of a clearly socially stratified city(Tabriz,Iran),in which a part of the urban society(by total number and social status)has better or worse access to urban parks.The example of urban parks shows which services are supplied on site and who the potential users are within an accessible distance.The services are qualified by structural park indicators and quantified by the quantity of these indicators.The distances are calculated on the basis of the size of the parks.Different distance circles around the parks indicate from where most of the users are coming,depending on park category.A quantification of population as related to potential users by social status in different distances to the parks shows the accessibility of parks for different quantities of inhabitants and different social strata.The classification of social status(high,middle,and low)was carried out by General Census of statistical center in 2005,informal settlement project data,statistical blocks data,land price in Tabriz municipality,and master and detailed plan reports.Results:Many households do not enjoy government recommended levels of access to public green spaces in Tabriz,and the results highlight the social segregation in park distribution and their accessibility.Conclusions:The best parks are located in the high social status areas,and the accessibility is the best among all societal levels.

关键词： Ecological services urban parks Social status Park accessibility

Research on the Protection of the Public Trust Doctrine on urban parks

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学术界 2016年第12期 291-297页

作者： Wang Lingbo College of Political Science and Law Jiangxi Normal University

The public trust doctrine is based on the belief that certain common properties-such as running water,the seashore,and air-perpetual use was dedicated to the public,government to accept the people’s trust is entitled to the ownership of the property.urban parks as the public trust property would impose restriction on attempts by governments to transfer the possession of parks held in trust or to devote it a private use.It could even impose restriction on the capability of government to divert parks from park use to another.

关键词： urban parks the public trust doctrine the case of Overton Park public trust property public forum

Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) Using Space Syntax: A Case Study of urban parks in the South of Brazil

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2020年第11期14卷 609-616页

作者： Alcindo Neckel Laércio Stolfo Maculan Anaise Breda Daniela Maroni Edilaine Cristina Becker Isabelle Risson Laura Pasa Cambrussi Michele Bianchini Julian Grub Postgraduate Program in Architecture and urbanism(PPGArq-IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility(NEPMOUR)Passo Fundo/RS99070-220Brazil Postgraduate Program in Architecture and urbanism(PPG Arq e Urb—UNISINOS) São Leopoldo/RS93022-750Brazil

This study is based on strategies for reading and representing the environment,associated with the theory of social logic of space(space syntax).The general objective of this study is to understand and compare the use of space syntax in relation to connectivity,integration and choice of axial routes of the urban parks of Porto Alegre,in the state of Rio Grande do Sul,south of Brazil.The method applied was the capture of georeferenced images for data analysis by using the Theory of Space Syntax(TSE).Thus,three variables were considered for interpretation:choice,connectivity and integration,and they were correlated to statistical data on urban morphology.The results demonstrated the possibility of obtaining significant improvements in the studied urban parks due to the need to create guidelines related to connection and integration that directly impact users'choice strategies when they move around the city.

关键词： Walkability choice connectivity integration urban parks space syntax

Seasonal Influence in Traffic-Related Air Pollutants Concentrations in urban parks from Porto Alegre,Brazil

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2019年第4期8卷 96-107页

作者： Bruna Marmett Roseana Boek Carvalho Fernanda Ramos Rhoden Cláudia Ramos Rhoden Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Graduate Program in Health ScienceFederal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre(UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazil

Traffic-related air pollution is an alarming source of pollutants exposure and consequently to the development of several adverse health effects. Otherwise, green spaces are reported to improve health status. Although, in an urban scenario most of these areas are located near air pollutants sources, as vehicle fleet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine, during one year, the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) in the main parks from Porto Alegre—Brazil. This study focused on three urban parks: Germania, Moinhos de Vento and Marinha do Brasil Park. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone measurements were accessed by passive monitoring in four campaigns including all seasons and performed at distances of 0 m, 15 m, 30 m, 45 m, 60 m and 75 m from the main road at each park. NO2 and O3 concentration among the parks was not different (p > 0.05), as well as the mean concentration of NO2 and O3 of all parks in the six sites did not differ (p > 0.05). However, season 1 and 3 showed increased NO2 and O3 concentration. Temperature were decreased in season 1 and 3 (p p > 0.05). Traffic flow was higher in Moinhos de Vento Park and Marinha do Brasil Park compared to Germania Park (p 2 and O3 concentration in urban parks from Porto Alegre.

关键词： Air Pollution Environmental Monitoring urban parks Seasonal Variation

Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on urban park visitation:a global analysis

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 553-567页

作者： Dehui(Christina)Geng John Innes Wanli Wu Guangyu Wang Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 33 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths globally,as of 1 October 2020.During the lockdown and restrictions placed on public activities and gatherings,green spaces have become one of the only sources of resilience amidst the coronavirus pandemic,in part because of their positive effects on psychological,physical and social cohesion and spiritual wellness.This study analyzes the impacts of COVID-19 and government response policies to the pandemic on park visitation at global,regional and national levels and assesses the importance of parks during this global pandemic.The data we collected primarily from Google’s Community Mobility Reports and the Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker.The results for most countries included in the analysis show that park visitation has increased since February 16th,2020 compared to visitor numbers prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.Restrictions on social gathering,movement,and the closure of workplace and indoor recreational places,are correlated with more visits to parks.Stay-at-home restrictions and government stringency index are negatively associated with park visits at a global scale.Demand from residents for parks and outdoor green spaces has increased since the outbreak began,and highlights the important role and benefits provided by parks,especially urban and community parks,under the COVID-19 pandemic.We provide recommendations for park managers and other decision-makers in terms of park management and planning during health crises,as well as for park design and development.In particular,parks could be utilized during pandemics to increase the physical and mental health and social well-being of individuals.

关键词： COVID-19 COVID-19 response policies parks visitation Stepwise regression analysis urban parks