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Landscape pattern and its effect on ecosystem functions in Seoul Metropolitan area:urban ecology on distribution of the naturalized plant species

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第2期15卷 199-204页

作者： Sun-Kee Hong In-Ju Song Hyun-Ok Kim Eung-Kyong Lee Environmental Planning Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul Development InstituteTechnical University BerlinEnvironmental Planning Institute Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Korea Seoul 100-250 KoreaGermanySeoul 151-742 Korea

During land transformation process in the human history, naturalized plants were introduced to several land use patterns by the different ways of plant itself. Including some naturalized plants that had been contribute to land restoration, many naturalized plants have been invaded to original habitat or landscape for native plants. Once the plants were colonized, they extend their area and population size. urban developed areas often give an important role of source habitat for naturalized plants and expanding their population size. In recent, this situation is appearing as one of environmental problems about the urban landscape management controlling the naturalized plants that invaded in the developed area and conserving the native vegetation. This paper is focusing on relationships between distribution of habitat of naturalized plants and landscape patch in urban area in Seoul. Gangdong-Gu, one of the administrative areas in Seoul was selected for this study. We examined the recent land use change using LANDSAT TM data and spreading of the representative naturalized plants (Robinia pseudoacacia and Eupatorium rugosum) by Seoul Biotope Mapping Project and field survey in 1999. As a result, these two species were often occurred in the same habitat and distributed in forest edge disturbed by man. Their distribution patterns were related to landscape indices (patch size and shape) in the forest edge.

关键词： biotope mapping ecosystem management human impact landscape pattern naturalized plants urban ecology

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urban health and ecology： the promise of an avian biomonitoring tool

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 205-212页

作者： Lea POLLACK Naomi R. ONDRASEK Rebecca CALISI Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

urban-dwelling birds have the potential to serve as powerful biomonitors that reveal the impact of environmental change due to urbanization. Specifically, urban bird populations can be used to survey cities for factors that may pose both public and wildlife health concerns. Here, we review evidence supporting the use of avian biomonitors to identify threats associated with urbanization, including bioaccumulation of toxicants and the dysregulation of behavior and physiology by related stressors. In addition, we consider the use of birds to examine how factors in the urban environment can impact immunity against communicable pathogens. By studying the behavior, physiology, and ecology of urban bird populations, we can elucidate not only how avian populations are responding to environmental change, but also how unintended consequences of urbanization affect the well-being of human and non-human inhabitants.

关键词： avian biomonitor pollutant bioaccumulation urban ecology zoonotic disease.

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Evolution and future of urban ecological science:ecology in,of,and for the city

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第7期2卷 4-20页

作者： Steward T.A.Pickett Mary L.Cadenasso Daniel L.Childers Mark J.McDonnell Weiqi Zhou Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies MillbrookNew York 12545 USA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavis1 Shields AvenueDavisCalifornia 95616 USA School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityWrigley HallPO Box 875402TempeArizona 85287 USA Australian Research Centre for urban ecology Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria c/o School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneVictoria 3010 Australia Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences18 Shuangqing RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100085 China

The contrast between ecology in cities and ecology of cities has emphasized the increasing scope of urban ecosystem research.ecology in focuses on terrestrial and aquatic patches within cities,suburbs,and exurbs as analogs of non-urban habitats.urban fabric outside analog patches is considered to be inhospi-table matrix.ecology of the city differs from ecology in by treating entire urban mosaics as social-ecolog-ical systems.ecology of urban ecosystems incorporates biological,social,and built components.Originally posed as a metaphor to visualize disciplinary evolution,this paper suggests that the contrast has conceptual,empirical,and methodological contents.That is,the contrast constitutes a disciplinary or“local”paradigm shift.The paradigm change between ecology in and ecology of represents increased complexity,moving from focus on biotic communities to holistic social-ecological systems.A third paradigm,ecology for the city,has emerged due to concern for urban sustainability.While ecology for includes the knowledge generated by both ecology in and ecology of,it considers researchers as a part of the system,and acknowledges that they may help envision and advance the social goals of urban sustainability.Using urban heterogeneity as a key urban feature,the three paradigms are shown to contrast in five important ways:disciplinary focus,the relevant theory of spatial heterogeneity,the technology for representing spatial structure,the resulting classification of urban mosaics,and the nature of application to sustainability.ecology for the city encourages ecologists to engage with other specialists and urban dwellers to shape a more sustainable urban future.

关键词： city complexity framework interdisciplinary paradigm social-ecological system spatial heterogeneity Special Feature:An ecology in,of,and for the City sustainability urban ecology

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Abundance of White-fronted Parrots and diet of an urban parrot assemblage(Aves:Psittaciformes)in a green Neotropical city

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 36-42页

作者： CristelAlvarez-Castillo Ian MacGregor-Fors Stefan LArriaga-Weiss Claudio Mota-Vargas Diego Santiago-Alarcon Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados Instituto de EcologíaA.C.-CONACYTXalapaMexico Biological and Environmental Sciences University of HelsinkiLahtiFinland División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoVillahermosaMexico Biología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaA.C.-CONACYTXalapaMexico Department of Integrative Biology University of South FloridaTampaUSA

urban ecosystems are evolutionarily recent novel environments acting as biodiversity filters.Psittacidae birds are considered successful urban adapters mainly due to their generalist feeding and opportunistic behavior,allowing them to occupy environments from cold temperate to dry xeric areas.Therefore,it is important to understand how these species interact in the urban environment.We studied the interannual(2013–2016)abundance of the White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons)in the Neotropical cities of Xalapa and Coatepec,in Central Veracruz,México.Additionally,we studied the feeding ecology during 13 months of 6 parrot species detected in the city of Xalapa.The abundance of the White-fronted Parrot was significantly higher in Xalapa than in Coatepec,and it was homogeneous across years.Non-native plants represented 30–41%of Psittacidae diets in Xalapa,where seeds were the most commonly consumed resource.We recorded the highest Psittacidae species richness and highest diet overlap among species by the end of the dry season(April–May).The White-fronted Parrot had the highest plant richness in its diet,followed by the Monk Parakeet(Myiopsitta monachus)and the Green Parakeet(Psittacara holochlorus);yet,the White-fronted Parrot had a specialized diet dominated by two plant species(Grevillea robusta and Ficus aurea).The diet overlap among the three above-mentioned parrot species was not significantly different to a null model,where the White-fronted Parrot and the Monk Parakeet overlapped during the months of February,April,June,and September.The White-fronted Parrot is an urban adapter that has successfully expanded its geographic range via natural means and by human activities.The invasive Monk Parakeet is currently restricted to one park in Xalapa,and it has remained in that stage for many years(i.e.,pre-expansion phase).Exotic plant species in Xalapa represent∼55%of the woody vegetation,some of which have longer flowering and fruiting periods that may have aided the successful establishment of parrot species in urb

关键词： Biological invasions Feeding ecology Population biology Psittacidae urban ecology

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urban invaders are not bold risk-takers: a study of 3 invasive lizards in Southern California

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 657-665页

作者： Breanna J.Putman Gregory B.Pauly Daniel T.Blumstein Department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA Department of Herpetology and urban Nature Research Center Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County900 Exposition BoulevardLos AngelesCA90007USA Department of Biology California State UniversitySan BernardinoCA 92407USA

Biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide,and therefore,understanding the traits of successful invaders could mitigate their spread.Many comm only invasive species do well in disturbed habitats,such as urban environments,and their abilities to effectively respond to disturbarices could con tribute to their invasiveness.Yet,there are non invasive species that also do well in disturbed habitats.The question remains whether urban invaders behave differently in urban environments than noninvaders,which could suggest an"urban-exploiting"phenotype.In Southern California,the co-occurrence of in vasive Italia n wall lizards Pod arc is siculus,brown anoles Anolis sagrei,and green anoles A.carolinensis,and native western fence lizards Sceloporus occidentalis offers an opportunity to test whether invasives exhibit consistent differences in risk-taking within human-altered habitats compared with a native species.We predicted that invasive lizards would exhibit more bold behavior by having shorter flight-initiation distances(FIDs)and by being found farther from a refuge(behaviors that would presumably maximize foraging in low-risk environments).Invasive populations had similar or longer FIDs,but were consistently found at distances closer to a refuge.Collectively,invasive lizards in urban habitats were not bolder than a native species.Relianee on nearby refuges might help species successfully invade urban habitats,and if a general pattern,may pose an added challenge in detecting or eliminating them.

关键词： antipredator boldness escape behavior invasion reptile urban ecology

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Nightlife in the city: drivers of the occurrence and vocal activity of a tropical owl

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Avian Research 2020年第2期11卷 92-105页

作者： Oscar Humberto Marín‑Gómez Michelle García‑Arroyo Camilo ESánchez‑Sarria JRoberto Sosa‑López Diego Santiago‑Alarcon Ian MacGregor‑Fors Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad Instituto de Ecología A.C.Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351El Haya91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali760044 CaliColombia Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca(CIIDIR) Instituto Politécnico NacionalOaxacaMexico Dirección de Cátedras Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología(CONACYT)Mexico CityMexico Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados Instituto de Ecología A.C91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico

Background:Cities differ from non-urban environments by the intensity,scale,and extent of anthropogenic pres-sures,which can drive the occurrence,physiology,and behavior of the organisms thriving in these settings.Traits as green cover often predict the occurrence patterns of bird species in urban areas.Yet,anthropogenic noise and artificial light at night(ALAN)could also limit the presence and disrupt the behavior of birds.However,there is still a dearth of knowledge about the influence of urbanization through noise and light pollution on nocturnal bird species ecology.In this study,we assessed the role of green cover,noise,and light pollution on the occurrence and vocal activity of the Mottled Owl(Ciccaba virgata)in the city of Xalapa(Mexico).Methods:We obtained soundscape recordings in 61 independent sites scattered across the city of Xalapa using autonomous recording units.We performed a semi-automated acoustic analysis of the recordings,corroborating all Mottled Owl vocalizations.We calculated two measures of anthropogenic noise at each study site:daily noise(during 24 h)and masking noise(mean noise amplitude at night per site that could mask the owl’s vocalizations).We further performed generalized linear models to relate green cover,ALAN,daily noise,and masking noise in relation to the owl’s occurrence(i.e.,detected,undetected).We also ran linear models to assess relationships among the beginning and ending of vocal activity with ALAN,and with the anthropogenic and masking noise levels at the moment of which vocalizations were emitted.Finally,we explored variations of the vocal activity of the Mottled Owl measured as vocalization rate across time.Results:The presence of Mottled Owls increased with the size of green cover and decreased with increases in both artificial light at night and noise levels.At the temporal scale,green cover was positively related with the ending of the owl’s vocal activity,while daily noise and ALAN levels were not related to the timing and vocal output(i.e.,number of vocalization

关键词： Anthropogenic noise Acoustic monitoring Nighttime ecology urban ecology urbanization Vocal activity

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Noisy environments:untangling the role of anthropogenic noise on bird species richness in a Neotropical city

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 258-264页

作者： Cecilia Odette Carral-Murrieta Michelle Garcia-Arroyo Oscar H.Marin-Gomez J.Roberto Sosa-Lopez Ian MacGregor-Fors Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad Instituto de EcologíaA.C.(INECOL)Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351El Haya91070 XalapaVeracruzMexico Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca(CIIDIR) Instituto Politécnico NacionalOaxacaMexico Dirección de Cátedras Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología(CONACYT)Mexico CityMexico

Background:Among urban stimuli,anthropogenic noise has been identified to be one of the behavioral drivers of species that rely on acoustic signals for communication.Studies have shown both species‑specific and assemblage responses to urban noise,ranging from the modulation of their acoustic frequencies and spatiotemporal adjustments to declines in species richness.In this study,we assessed the citywide relationship between two anthropogenic noise variables(noise levels recorded during bird surveys and daily average noise levels)and vegetation cover with bird species richness.Methods:This study was conducted in the city of Xalapa(Mexico)through a 114 citywide point‑count survey.We recorded bird communities at each sampling site.We measured noise levels using a sound level meter while performing point‑counts.Then,we generated a map of average daily noise of the city using an array of 61 autonomous recording units distributed across the city of Xalapa and calculated daily noise levels for the 114 points.We ran a linear model(LM)to assess potential relationships between both point‑count and daily(24 h)noise values and vegetation cover with bird richness.Results:Results from the LM show:(1)a negative relationship between maximum point‑count noise and avian species richness,(2)no relationship between 24 h noise and bird species richness,and(3)a positive relationship between vegetation cover and bird species richness.Conclusions:Results provide evidence that decreases in urban bird species richness do not necessarily imply the permanent absence of species,suggesting that birds can temporarily fly away from or avoid sites when noisy,become cryptic while noisy events are occurring,or be undetected due to our inability to record them in the field during noisy events.

关键词： Avian ecology Bird communication Noise pollution Species richness urban ecology

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Exotic parrots breeding in urban tree cavities: nesting requirements, geographic distribution, and potential impacts on cavity nesting birds in southeast Florida

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 459-468页

作者： Joshua M.Diamond Michael S.Ross Florida International University Earth & Environment

Background:Exotic parrots have established breeding populations in southeast Florida,including several species that nest in tree cavities.We aimed to determine the species identity,nest site requirements,relative nest abundance,geographic distribution,and interactions of parrots with native cavity-nesting bird species.Methods:We searched Miami-Dade County,Florida,and nearby areas for natural cavities and holes excavated by woodpeckers,recording attributes of potential nest trees.We inspected all cavities with an elevated video inspection system to determine occupancy by parrots or other birds.We mapped nearly 4000 citizen science observations of parrots in our study area corresponding to our study period,and used these to construct range maps,comparing them to our nesting observations.Results:Not all parrots reported or observed in our study area were actively breeding.Some parrots were observed at tree cavities,which previous studies have suggested is evidence of reproduction,but our inspections with an elevated video inspection system suggest they never initiated nesting attempts.Several parrot species did successfully nest in tree cavities,Red-masked Parakeets(Psittacara erythrogenys)and Orange-winged Parrots(Amazona amazonica)being the most common(n=7 and 6 nests,respectively).These two parrots had similar nesting requirements,but Orange-winged Parrots use nests with larger entrance holes,which they often enlarge.Geographic analysis of nests combined with citizen science data indicate that parrots are limited to developed areas.The most common parrots were less abundant cavity nesters than the native birds which persist in Miami’s urban areas,and far less abundant than the invasive European Starling(Sturnus vulgaris).Conclusions:Exotic parrots breeding elsewhere in the world have harmed native cavity-nesting birds through interference competition,but competitive interference in southeast Florida is minimized by the urban affinities of parrots in this region.The relative abundance and geographic distribution s

关键词： Amazona Cavity nest webs Invasive species Parakeets Psittacara urban ecology

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Litter buffet:On the use of trash bins by birds in six boreal urban settlements

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 182-190页

作者： Michelle García-Arroyo Miguel A.Gomez-Martínez Ian MacGregor-Fors Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiNiemenkatu 73Lahti15140Finland Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada(INBIOTECA) Universidad VeracruzanaXalapa91090Mexico

Unintentional food resources in urban areas(street litter,food leftovers,overflowing trash bins)are dietary components of some urban-exploiter bird species.In this study,we report on 13 bird species in six southern Finnish cities using urban trash bins and describe differences in their activity when provided with food resources(i.e.,bait)in different bin types.We used generalized linear models(GLM)and classification and regression trees(CART)to test for associations between environmental variables and bird activity at the binscapes.Bird activity at the binscapes significantly differed among all cities and among types of bins and was significantly higher after placing bait in all cases.Bins with the largest opening had more activity as opposed to those with smaller openings or lids.Corvids and gulls had the highest activity,with corvids usually being present before the bait was placed and gulls increasing their activity thereafter.These differences show that trash bin foraging is highly malleable and thus susceptible to management preventing its occurrence.Suitable waste management measures could aid in reducing the number of species close to bins and their surroundings,benefiting both bird and human health.

关键词： Avian Behavior Binscape Food resources urban ecology

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Impacts of de-icing salt pollution on urban road greenspace： a case study of Beijing

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第5期8卷 747-756页

作者： Zhouyuan LI Yingmei LIANG Junhui ZHOU Xiao SUN College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Museum of Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Warwick Business School University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7ES United Kingdom

De-icing salt contamination of urban soil and greenspace has been a common issue of concern in many countries for years. In the 2009/2010 winter, Beijing experienced a contamination accident resulting from the overuse of deicing salt, reported as almost 30000 tons, which severely damaged urban vegetation alongside roadways. The methods of sampling and rating for both soil contamination and response of the plant populations were developed to rapidly assess this emergency environmental event. Results showed that the shrubs were more severely damaged than the arbors in terms of both degree and extent, as almost all of the surveyed shrubs were severely damaged from the salt contamination, while only about 1/4 of the recorded arbors were rated as ＂severely injured＂ according to the integral plant injury index. The rating of the injury level showed that the trees like Pinus bungeana, Sophora japonica, and the shrubs like Euonymus japonicus, Sabina vulgaris showed less tolerance to de-icing salt pollution. The patterns of vegetation damage demonstrated that the ever-green shrubs alongside roads and the deciduous arbors in the center of roads were most vulnerable to the salt damage.

关键词： de-icing salt environmental impact assessment urban ecology greenspace

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