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Implications from γ-globulin adsorption onto cation exchangers fabricated by sequential alginate grafting and sulfonation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第1期34卷 121-125页

作者： Xianxiu Li Yan Sun Xiaoyan Dong Department of Biochemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology(Ministry of Education) Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Our previous work proved that high adsorption capacity and uptake rate of lysozyme were achieved on alginate(Alg)-grafted re sin with an ionic capacity(IC) of 240 mmol·L^(-1)(Alg-FF-240).Moreover,the salt-tolerant feature of Alg-FF-230 was improved by using sequential alginate grafting and sulfonation strategy.Inspired by the enhanced adsorption performance of lysozyme,we have herein proposed to investigate the static and dynamic adsorption behaviors of γ-globulin on a series of Alg-grafted resins with different grafting densities and sulfonation degrees.The adsorption ca pacity of γ-globulin decreased with increa sing alginate-grafting density(IC) from 160 to 230 mmol·L^(-1) at 0 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl because of the steric hindrance caused by the alginate-grafting layer.Effects of ionic strength(IS) indicated that the adsorption capacities of the resins with the IC value of 230-370 mmol·L^(-1) were much higher than CM Sepharose FF at 50-100 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl,and the uptake rate of Alg-FF-230 was about twice as much as that of CM Sepharose FF.This work demonstrated the important effects of alginate-grafting layer and IS in γ-globulin adsorption behavior,which would be helpful in the design of Alggrafted resins and the selection of proper IS condition for protein purification.

关键词： Alginate Sulfonation γ-Globulin Adsorption capacity uptake rate

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Camouflaged uptake Following Incidental Focus-on-Form Episodes

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Journal of Linguistics and Education Research 2020年第1期3卷 1-10页

作者： Zahra Gholami Leila Gholami Department of Education Kharazmi UniversityTehranIran Department of English Arizona State UniversityArizonaUnited States

The efficacy of focus-on-form(FonF)within the context of communicatively-oriented language activities is measured via uptake.uptake is defined as learners’verbal responses immediately following either preemptive or reactive FonF instruction(Loewen,2004).The present study investigated what is(not)meant and(not)measured through this definition of uptake.Drawing on the audio-recorded analysis of 20 hours of communicatively–oriented interactions in an intermediate IELTS class with two teachers,this study investigates the frequency of preemptive and reactive incidental FonF,and the subsequent occurrence of uptake in an English as a foreign language context.This study also provided an in-depth qualitative analysis of these classes through field notes,learner notes,and video-recorded data to explore the instances of uptake moves that were not captured through audio-recorded data.The quantitative findings of this study demonstrated a very low and disappointing uptake rate.Furthermore,the study did not find a significant difference between reactive and preemptive FonF in terms of uptake rate.Nonetheless,the qualitative data revealed a myriad of uptake instances not observable via the initial data analysis.Based on these findings,a new definition of uptake is suggested,which includes camouflaged uptake and learners’immediate oral responses to FonF.Since uptake is used to gauge the efficacy of incidental FonF in primarily meaning–oriented classes,it is concluded that audio-recorded data just show the tip of the iceberg as far as the uptake rate is concerned.Thus,second language acquisition researchers are recommended to employ multiple indices to examine the effectiveness of FonF instruction.

关键词： Camouflaged uptake rate EFL Incidental focus on form Reactive FonF Preemptive FonF uptake rate

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Phytoavailability of Copper,Zinc and Cadmium in Biosolid-amended Calcareous Soils in Pot and Field Experiment

Phytoavailability of Copper,Zinc and Cadmium in Biosolid-ame...

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中国地理学会百年庆典

作者：李琼首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院

＜正＞The pot and field experiments were carried out to investigate the phytoavailability of trace elements in soils amended with biosolids.The results from pot experiments showed that the phytoavailability of Zn and Cu in biosolids for tomato and maize was lower than corresponding water-soluble metal from salts,and equivalent from 54.8%to 80.9%of the phytoavailability from water-soluble metal salts.The results from field experiments indicated that the rate of Zn,Cu and Cd accumulation in soils increased with increased application of biosolids:the metal concentrations in soils could exceed maximum allowable concentrations with heavy or repeated applications.There was a significant linear relationship between the concentrations of Zn in crop grains and the biosolid application rates in soils. The values of bioconcentration factor for Cu,Zn,and Cd in biosolid amended soils were found to be 0.546,0.297 and 0.204 for wheat grains and 0.357,0.0876 and 0.036 for maize grains,respectively.Also the values bioconcentration factor for wheat and maize grain were: Zn＞Cu＞Cd,while for wheat and maize straw were:Cd＞Cu＞Zn.The results suggested that wheat and maize did not bioaccumulate heavy metals from biosolid-amended soils in their aerial parts.From the results,it was estimated that about 220 t/ha biosolids （366.3 kg zinc,52.4 kg copper and 0.33 kg cadimum in biosolids） could be applied in order to ensure the metals in grains below the maximum permitted concentration.

关键词： biosolids soil phytoavailability trace elements（heavy metal） bioconcentration factor uptake rate grain straw zinc copper cadmium

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