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Investigating Unsafe behaviours in traffic conflict situations:An observational study in Nigeria

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2019年第5期6卷 482-492页

作者： Chinebuli Uzondu Samantha Jamson Frank Lai Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK Department of Transport Management Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri Owerri Nigeria

Although road users are aware of the possible risks of engaging in Unsafe behaviours while driving,they continue to do so.These behaviours often contribute to traffic incidents and crashes involving them and other road users.This study set out to analyse the effect of road user type,location and time of day on Unsafe driving behaviours observed in traffic conflict situations.Data were collected by road side observation at three different locations in the eastern part of Nigeria using the traffic conflict technique(TCT).This approach was adopted to overcome the inherent problems associated with reliable,inadequate and accessible crash data in Nigeria.In total 946 traffic conflicts were observed and statistical testing showed that drivers were involved in one or more Unsafe behaviours prior to these conflicts.Of all Unsafe behaviours observed,the incorrect use of indicators(13.3%) and tailgating(11.3%) were found to be the most prevalent,while road user type,location and time of day were found to be statistically associated with passenger scouting and other Unsafe behaviours.Tricycle drivers were significantly more likely to engage in Unsafe behaviours than vehicle drivers.Drivers are also more likely to engage in Unsafe behaviours on straight roads.Additionally,a greater number of these Unsafe behaviours were observed during the peak periods.It is recommended that better road infrastructure,more effective regulations and enforcement,and proper road safety education could help improve traffic safety in Nigeria.

关键词： Unsafe behaviour Traffic conflict Traffic safety Crash data

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Process and Modeling of Unsafe Behaviors Early Warning in Metro Construction

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2020年第1期25卷 12-18页

作者： XIE Yi LIU Bingrui BAI Jinyu LIU Jia School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha 410076HunanChina School of Information and Safety Engineering Zhongnan University of Economics and LawWuhan 430073HubeiChina

Safety accidents occure frequently during metro construction, which are mainly caused by human factors, and the incidence of accidents can be increased due to the overlap of human factors and physical factors. The human factors are taken as breakthrough to make early warning for the human insecurity factors in the metro construction, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of safety accidents. This paper proposes the principle of total monitoring and early-warning management. The Unsafe behaviors in metro construction when approaching the hazardous area and non-standard safety prevention measures are analyzed to design and model the early warning process of Unsafe behaviors in metro construction. Finally, the model is analyzed and verified using actual examples.

关键词： metro construction Unsafe behavior early warning modeling

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LARCs after Unsafe abortion in Libreville (Gabon): Women accept quickly but the time interval for the insertion is longer than that of injectable contraceptives

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第1期4卷 23-27页

作者： Sosthène Mayi-Tsonga Jacques Bang Ntamack Boniface Sima-Ole Pamphile Assoumou Obiang Ulysse Minkobame Doris Ngouafo Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of University Hospital of Libreville Gabon Africa Faculty of Health Sciences of Libreville Gabon Africa

Objectives: To determine the percentage of women who accepted a LARC after abortion, specify the interval time for the insertion of the LARC and compare such interval time with that of injectable and oral contraceptives. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive and comparative study conducted in Libreville (Gabon), from February 1, 2013 to August 31, 2013. After receiving post-abortion care (PAC), all patients with stable general states were counseled about three types of contraceptive methods: combined oral contraceptive pills, LARCs (Jadelle? implants, Copper IUDs) and injectable Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA). Results: 231 women received PAC and among them 215 (93%) wanted to use one of the three proposed contraceptive methods. At the end of the study, only 193 women (89.7%) used contraception and 22 others (10.3%) abandoned their intentions. LARCs were used by 31 (16.0%) women. The average period for the insertion of LARCs was 15.4 ± 15.5 days with extremes of 1 to 53 days. This period for the insertion of LARCS was significantly longer than that of other methods (p < 0.001). LARCs were inserted more often after the 2nd day than immediately (same day) with a highly significant difference (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: LARCs could constitute an appropriate approach to reducing unintended pregnancies in Gabon. However, in order to increase their rates of use, it is necessary to improve women awareness.

关键词： Unsafe Abortion Contraception LARC Period for the Insertion of LARCs Gabon

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Risk assessment method of major Unsafe hydroelectric project

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第9期51卷 1345-1352页

作者： WU ZhongRu SU HuaiZhi GUO HaiQing College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Hohai University Nanjing 210098China National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety Nanjing 210098China

Based on the characteristics of major Unsafe hydroelectric projects and the data from field detection, in situ monitoring, and regular safety inspection, the funda-mental principles of operation risk assessment are proposed in this paper. Mean-while, a three layer hierarchical system is constructed, and an improved analytical hierarchical process combining genetic algorithm and analytical hierarchical process is established, with corresponding program. The operation risk of some Unsafe dam was assessed with the principles, method and program presented in this paper and the major factors which would affect the operation of the dam were pointed out.

关键词： major Unsafe hydroelectric project operation risk analysis method

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Morbi-Mortality Linked to Unsafe Abortions—Difficulties in Accessing Safe Abortions in Cameroon: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第2期13卷 342-359页

作者： Florent Ymele Fouelifack Mosman Anyimbi Ofeh Jenny Ornella Manewoun Nsen Abeng Christophe Saha Lontsi Mvong Vendeline Amaelle Goretti Guy Sadeu Wafeu Robinson Enow Mbu Department of Surgery and Specialties at the Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom Yaoundé Cameroon Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Maga District Hospital Maga Cameroon Public Health of Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom Yaoundé Cameroon CIVITAS Cameroon Human Rights and Humanitarian Action Yaoundé Cameroon Public Health Option Epidemiology Yaoundé Cameroon Information Communication and Technology American University Yaoundé Cameroon Centre for the Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPSH) National Coordinator of Building Medical Research in Africa (BMR Africa) Yaoundé Cameroon Family Health Ministry of Public Health Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Unsafe abortions are one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, especially in developing countries. In Cameroon, the maternal mortality rate remains high, and the scarcity of data on abortions leads to a lack of solid evidence to advocate on the extent of the abortions related complications. Our objective was to evaluate the Unsafe abortions related complications, and to assess the difficulties of accessing safe abortions in our setting. Methods: We carried out a meta-analytic and systematic review in the biomedical databases MEDLINE (Pubmed), Google Scholar and African Journal Online concerning Unsafe abortions and/or difficulties in accessing safe abortions in Cameroon. The keywords used for the search are seen in table I. Selection of studies was simultaneously done by two authors. Data were extracted through a form designed on Google Form. We used a random-effect model for proportion estimation, and The I2 and Q statistics to assess the extent of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 430 studies were identified, from which 28 were included and analysed. About 5% (95% CI: 3 - 7) of Unsafe abortions leads to death. The contribution of Unsafe abortions in maternal deaths was 23% (95% CI: 20 - 27). The rate of severe bleeding and/or anemia were 40% (95% CI: 18 - 63) and the rate of infection was 17% (95% CI: 7 - 28), dominated by pelvic infections, pelviperitonitis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Case reports described uterine perforations, uterine rupture during the following pregnancy. Abortion was performed in the practitioner’s or patient’s home in 41.4% of cases, in a health center in 35.1% of cases, in a private clinic in 21.2% of cases, drugs selling places and in traditional healer clinics. The restriction of abortion laws, the stigma surrounding abortion and its consequences at any level of the society, lead to the underreporting of Unsafe abortions and a deep reluctance to advocate for safe abortion services. Conclusion: The strengthening of awareness campaigns for provider b

关键词： Morbi-Mortality Unsafe Difficulties Access Safe Abortion Cameroon

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Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among male students who have sex with men in three Northern regions of China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第14期132卷 1639-1644页

作者： De-Chuan Zhang Zun-You Wu Sarah Robbins Scott Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui 230032China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Background:Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) has previously been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Male students who have sex with men (SMSM) are at increased exposure to experience UAI.The aim of this study was to investigate the status of UAI and related factors among SMSM in three northern regions of China.Methods:From November 2018 to January 2019,SMSM,18 years or older,studying or living in Beijing,Tianjin,or Shijiazhuang,who had anal sex in the past 6 months were recruited by community-based organizations to participate in an unmatched,casecontrol study.Detailed demographic and behavioral information were collected via self-administrated electronic questionnaires and factors related to UAI were assessed using uni-and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results:Among the 511 SMSM included in the study,210 (41.1%) reported UAI in the past 6 months.SMSM who had sexual partners at least 10 years older than themselves (odds ratio [OR]=2.277,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.380-3.756),used vacant capsules before sexual activity (OR =3.858,95 % CI:1.472-10.106),had a self-perceived moderate-HIV risk (OR =2.128,95 %CI:1.403-3.227),and unprotected,first anal intercourse (OR =2.236,95 % CI:1.506-3.320) had increased odds of UAI.Contusions:Factors associated with increased odds of engaging in UAI in the past 6 months among SMSM included having older sexual partners,using vacant capsules,having a self-perceived moderate risk of HIV,and unprotected,first anal intercourse.Continuing education on risk reduction,including improving condom decision making in age-discordant relationships could help address the sexual risk behaviors among SMSM.

关键词： Students Men who have sex with men Unsafe Sex China

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Risk Index Prediction of Civil Aviation Based on Deep Neural Network

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2019年第2期36卷 313-319页

作者： NI Xiaomei WANG Huawei CHE Changchang College of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Safety is the foundation of sustainable development in civil aviation.Although catastrophic accidents are rare,indicators of potential incidents and Unsafe events frequently materialize.Therefore,a history of Unsafe data are considered in predicting safety risks.A deep learning method is adopted for extracting reactions in safety risks.The deep neural network(DNN)model for safety risk prediction is shown to extract complex data characteristics better than a shallow network model.Using extended Unsafe data and monthly risk indices,hidden layers and iterations are determined.The effectiveness of DNN is also revealed in comparison with the traditional neural network.Through early risk detection using the method in the paper,airlines and the government can mitigate potential risk and take proactive measures to improve civil aviation safety.

关键词： Unsafe events risk index neural network denoising auto encoder

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Towards safe injection practices for prevention of hepatitis C transmission in South Asia: Challenges and progress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5837-5852页

作者： Naveed Zafar Janjua Zahid Ahmad Butt Bushra Mahmood Arshad Altaf Clinical Prevention Services British Columbia Centre for Disease Control School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Service Delivery and Safety World Health Organization

AIM: To summarize the available information about injection use and its determinants in the South Asian region. METHODS: We searched published and unpublished literature on injection safety in South Asia published during 1995-2016 using the keywords "injection" "Unsafe injection" and "immunization injection" and combined these with each of the countries and/or their respective states or provinces in South Asia. We used a standardized questionnaire to abstract the following data from the articles: the annual number of injections per capita, the proportion of injections administered with a reused syringe or needle, the distribution of injections with respect to prescribers and providers and determinants of injection use. RESULTS: Although information is very limited for certain countries(i.e., Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka), healthcare injection use is very common across South Asia, with cross-country rates ranging from 2.4 to 13.6 injections/person/year. Furthermore, recent studies show that 5% to 50% of these injections are provided with reused syringes, thus creating potential to transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Qualified and unqualified practitioners, especially in the private sector, are the major drivers behind injection use, but patients also prefer injections, especially among the rural, poor or uneducated in certain countries. According to available data, Pakistan and India have recently taken steps towards achieving safe injection. Potential interventions include the introduction of reuse prevention devices, and patient-, community- and patient/community and provider-centered interventionsto change population and practitioner behavior. CONCLUSION: Injection use is common in South Asian countries. Multilevel interventions aiming at patients, providers and the healthcare system are needed to reduce injection use and reuse.

关键词： Unsafe injections Hepatitis C Hepatitis B South Asia Prescription practices

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Voluntary Induced Abortion in Cameroon: Prevalence, Reasons, and Complications

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第9期5卷 475-480页

作者： Jean Dupont Kemfang Ngowa Humphry Tatah Neng Joel Fokom Domgue Christiane Jivir Nsahlai Jean Marie Kasia Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit Yaoundé General Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Ya-oundé Cameroon

In Cameroon, induced abortion is permitted when a woman’s life is at risk, to preserve her physical and mental health and on the grounds of rape or incest. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, reasons and complications of voluntary induced abortion among women attending the obstetrics and gynecology services in an urban area, Yaoundé and in a rural area, Wum in Cameroon. Methods: We carried out a cross sectional study, with 509 women recruited between August 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011 in three health facilities in Cameroon. We appreciated the frequency, complications and reasons for Voluntary induced abortions. Results: The prevalence of voluntary induced abortion was 26.3% (134/509) globally;25.6% (65/254) in urban area and 27.1% (69/255) in rural area. One hundred and eleven (83%) cases of induced abortions were carried out in a health structure and 23 (17%) cases in private homes. Medical doctors and nurses were the most frequent abortion providers in both urban (84.7%) as well as rural setting (77.2%). The three main reasons for induced abortion were to pursue their studies (34.3%), not yet married (22.6%) and fear of parents (13.9%). Complications were reported by 20% (27/134) of respondents who had carried out voluntary induced abortion. Excessive bleeding was the most reported complication (70.4%). Conclusion: Despite its illegality in Cameroon, the prevalence of voluntary induced abortion was high in this study.

关键词： Induced Abortion Unsafe Abortion Voluntary Abortion Voluntary Induced Abortion

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利用Visual C#处理数字图像

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闽江学院学报 2006年第5期27卷 96-101页

作者：翁功平闽江学院软件工程学院福建福州350108

Visual C#GDI+虽然提供了许多基本的图像对象和方法功能,但要进行比较复杂的图像处理,需要结合图像处理算法才能实现．这里利用C#语言的GDI+原理,论述怎样使用颜色矩阵和Unsafe不安全代码类两种方法,对数字图象进行处理,包括图像的亮度... 详细信息

Visual C#GDI+虽然提供了许多基本的图像对象和方法功能,但要进行比较复杂的图像处理,需要结合图像处理算法才能实现．这里利用C#语言的GDI+原理,论述怎样使用颜色矩阵和Unsafe不安全代码类两种方法,对数字图象进行处理,包括图像的亮度处理、灰度处理、透明处理等．用Unsafe方法实现类似C指针原理,对图像进行逐个象素处理,功能强大;用颜色矩阵方法实现简单,只要对不同的图象处理定义不同的颜色矩阵,但有部分图象处理功能无法定义出矩阵．

关键词：颜色矩阵 Unsafe 透明度颜色矢量

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