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Seismic fragility assessment of load‐bearing soft‐brick unreinforced masonry piers

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第4期3卷 277-287页

作者： Jayaprakash Vemuri Tariq Anwar KVL Subramaniam Department Of Civil Engineering École Centrale School of EngineeringMahindra UniversityTelangana 500043India Department of Earth Science and Engineering(ErSE) King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology HyderabadTelangana 502285India

unreinforced masonry(URM)made with soft bricks comprises a large percentage of the building stock in devel-oping ***,the poor performance of URM piers during earthquakes has led to renewed interest in understanding their behavior under lateral *** experimental data is available on the seismic response,analysis,and design of URMs made of soft *** this study,the micro-modeling technique is used to simulate the in-plane behavior of load-bearing,soft-brick URM *** parameters required in the constitutive models are obtained from material tests and used to develop a calibrated numerical model of the URM *** with various aspect ratios subjected to various axial stresses are numerically modeled to obtain monotonic and cyclic responses,and their critical displacement limit states are *** in the failure modes of masonry piers with variations in the aspect ratio and axial stress are ***-bearing piers exhibit three distinct failure modes:bed sliding,diagonal shear cracking,and flexure,depending on the aspect ratio and axial *** seismic fragility of each pier failure type is examined using nonlinear time history *** results show that bed-sliding piers collapse at extremely low PGA *** failing through diagonal shear cracking also fail at low PGA *** piers can resist seismic forces up to a slightly higher PGA level and thus are the last to *** results also indicate that the effect of uncertainty in ground motions is more significant than the effect of variability in the masonry pier capacities.

关键词： unreinforced masonry Soft brick Micro-modeling Nonlinear time history analyses Synthetic ground motions Seismic fragility

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Distinct Element Modelling of unreinforced masonry Wall Under Seismic Loads with and without Cable Retrofitting

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2008年第B10期14卷 471-475页

作者： ZHUGE Yan School of Natural and Built Environments University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Adelaide Australia

To retrofit and strengthen existing unreinforced masonry (URM) structures to resist the potential earthquake damages has become an important issue in Australia. In order to secure the performance of URM under seismic loading in the future, a research project was carried out aimed at developing a simple and high strength seismic retrofitting technique for masonry structures. A series of experimental testing on URM walls retrofitted with an innovative technique by cable system have been conducted. The results indicated that both the strength and ductility of the tested speci-mens were significantly enhanced with the technique. An analytical model which is based on Dis-tinct Element Method (DEM) has also been developed to simulate the behaviour of URM walls be-fore and after retrofitting. The model is then further developed by applying a seismic wave to the wall to simulate the wall behavior under earthquake loads before and after retrofitting.

关键词： unreinforced masonry distinct element method earthquake loads in-plane shear retrofitting

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Confined masonry as practical seismic construction alternative-the experience from the 2014 Cephalonia Earthquake

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 270-290页

作者： Fillitsa KARANTONI Stavroula PANTAZOPOULOU Athanasios GANAS Department of Civil Engineering University of Patras Rio Achaia 26504 Greece The Lassonde Faculty of Engineering Deptartment of Civil Engineering York University Toronto M3J 1P3 Canada Institute of Geodynamics National Observatory of Athens Athens Greece

During August 1953 three strong earthquakes of magnitude ranging from 6.3 to 7.2 shook the Ionian Island of Cephalonia （Kefalonia）, Greece, and destroyed almost the entire building stock of the Island which consisted primarily of traditional unreinforced masonry （URM） houses. The authorities went on to restructuring of the building stock, using a structural system that is most like what is known today as confined masonry. They designed about 14 types of one- to two-storey buildings providing the engineers with detailed construction plans. These buildings are known as ＂Arogi＂ buildings （Arogi in Greek meaning Aid）. On the 24th of January and 3rd of February 2014, two earthquakes of magnitude 6.1 and 6.0 struck the island, causing significant soil damages, developing excessively high ground accelerations. Surprisingly, no damage was reported in the ＂Arogi＂ buildings. The seismic behavior of the buildings is examined by FEM linear analysis and it is compared to that of URM structures. Computed results illustrate that the displacements of identical URM buildings would be about twice the magnitudes observed in the corresponding ＂Arogi＂ ones, with the implication that the earthquake sequence of 2014 would have caused critical damage should the type of structure be of the URM type. Furthermore, it is illustrated that this low cost alternative method of construction is a very effective means of producing earthquake resilient structures, whereas further reduction of seismic displacement may be achieved in the order of 50% with commensurate effects on damage potential, when reinforced slabs are used to replace the timber roofs.

关键词： Cephalonia confined masonry comparative FEM analysis unreinforced masonry seismic damage

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Seismic safety evaluation methodology for masonry building and retrofitting using splint and bandage technique with wire mesh

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第4期16卷 478-505页

作者： Pravin Kumar Venkat Rao PADALU Yogendra SINGH Earthquake Engineering Research Center International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad(IIIT-H)Telangana 500032India Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee(IITR)Uttarakhand 247667India

The paper presents a seismic safety assessment of unreinforced masonry(URM)building using two *** first approach uses the‘Pier Analysis’method,based on the concept of equivalent lateral stiffness,where in-plane and out-of-plane actions are considered *** second approach is developed with the program SAP2000,where the linear response is evaluated using continuum‘finite element modelling’(FEM).Both methods are compared to evaluate the safety of wall piers and the differences in the outcomes under combined gravitational and lateral seismic *** analysis results showed that few wall elements are unsafe in in-plane and out-of-plane *** is also observed that the pier analysis method is conservative compared to FEM,but can be used as a simplified and quick tool in design offices for safety assessment,with reasonable *** safeguard the URM wall piers under lateral loads,a retrofitting technique is adopted by providing vertical and horizontal belts called splints and bandages,respectively,using welded wire mesh(WWM)*** study using the‘Pier Analysis’shows that the lateral load capacity of unsafe URM piers can be enhanced up to 3.67 times and made safe using the applied retrofitting ***,the retrofitting design methodology and recommendations for application procedures to on-site URM buildings are discussed in detail.

关键词： unreinforced masonry seismic in-plane and out-of-plane forces pier analysis finite element modelling splint and bandage technique with wire mesh

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