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An introduction to the history of the library communication between China and the united States in the Republic of China period: Literature review, knowledge base and the division of historical periods

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Journal of Library Science in China 2018年 185-186页

作者： XIAO Peng 不详

The history of library communication between China and the united States in the Republic of China period is an important topic for understanding the origin of China’s librarianship and Library Science.

关键词： An introduction to the history the library communication between China the united States in the Republic of China period Literature review knowledge base and the division of historical periods China

Nationwide trends and predictors of inpatient mortality in 83884 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5780-5789页

作者： Edward Wolfgang Lee Andrew Kuei Sammy Saab Ronald W Busuttil Francisco Durazo Steven-Huy Han Mohamed M El-Kabany Justin P Mc Williams Stephen T Kee Department of Radiology Division of Interventional Radiology Ronald Reagan Medical Center at UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Medicine Division of Hepatology Pfleger Liver Institute University of California at Los Angeles Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center Pfleger Liver Institute Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles

AIM: To evaluate and validate the national trends and predictors of in-patient mortality of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) in 15 years.METHODS: Using the National Inpatient Sample which is a part of Health Cost and Utilization Project, we identified a discharge-weighted national estimate of 83884 TIPS procedures performed in the united States from 1998 to 2012 using international classification of diseases-9 procedural code 39.1. The demographic, hospital and co-morbility data were analyzed using a multivariant analysis. Using multi-nominal logistic regression analysis, we determined predictive factors related to increases in-hospital mortality. Comorbidity measures are in accordance to the Comorbidity Software designed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.RESULTS: Overall, 12.3% of patients died during hospitalization with downward trend in-hospitalmortality with the mean length of stay of 10.8 ± 13.1 d. Notable, African American patients(OR = 1.809 vs Caucasian patients, P < 0.001), transferred patients(OR = 1.347 vs non-transferred, P < 0.001), emergency admissions(OR = 3.032 vs elective cases, P < 0.001), patients in the Northeast region(OR = 1.449 vs West, P < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of inhospital mortality. Number of diagnoses and number of procedures showed positive correlations with in-hospital death(OR = 1.249 per one increase in number of procedures). Patients diagnosed with acute respiratory failure(OR = 8.246), acute kidney failure(OR = 4.359), hepatic encephalopathy(OR = 2.217) and esophageal variceal bleeding(OR = 2.187) were at considerably higher odds of in-hospital death compared with ascites(OR = 0.136, P < 0.001). Comorbidity measures with the highest odds of in-hospital death were fluid and electrolyte disorders(OR = 2.823), coagulopathy(OR = 2.016), and lymphoma(OR = 1.842).CONCLUSION: The overall mortality of the TIPS procedure is steadily decreasing, though the length of stay has remained relatively constant. Specific patient ethnicity, locatio

关键词： Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Mortality Inpatient united States National Inpatient S

Resources and international climate change policy gridlock

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2014年第3期12卷 199-209页

作者： Chandra Pandey Political Science and Public Policy University of Waikato

Few other policy zones are as complex as the issue of climate change.If the more pessimistic projections of climate change doom are correct,then the failure to address the issue is likely to be catastrophic and irreversible.The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted the potential extinction of many species and that the existence of small-island and other vulnerable countries will be threatened if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue.Climate change is a transboundary problem and requires unprecedented levels of cooperation between states and serious and sustained responses from major emitters.However,the growing demand and consumption of natural resources for continued energy security and cornucopian economic growth have undermined the outcomes of international climate change negotiations.It is argued here that there is a strong connection between the major emitters'positions at united Nations'climate talks,their possessions,dependence and consumption of natural resources,and the continued undermining of international climate change policy for unsustainable growth.This paper assesses the resource politics of the US,China,India,Canada,Russia,and Saudi Arabia and their positions at climate talks to show the link between lack of climate change policy progress and the positions of these main players.

关键词： resources climate change policy united States China India Canada Russia Saudi Arabia

ESTABLISHMENT OF TAI PIN DI COMPREHENSIVE PROTECTING FOREST SYSTEM

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干旱区资源与环境 1993年第Z1期7卷 321-322页

作者： Liu Tao Qu Zhiyi The Forestry Institute of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia

A multi-function protecting forest system was planed and arranged elaborately for im-provement of the local ecological conditions and high economical benefit. The system in-cludes level farmland shelter belt network, hillside farmland shelter belt network, stereoscop-ic sparse-wood pasture, erosion control fuel forest, fast growing commercial forest, eco-nomical forest, salt-soda controlling project and salt-soda protecting forest on salt-sodaland, ect..

关键词： Integrated Protected Forest System united Plan Elaborate Arrangement

China's Pesticide Formulations Exports in 2009

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China Chemical Reporter 2010年第5期21卷 48-48页

Several charts are presented that show the pesticide formulation exports in China in 2009 including export data for insecticide formulations, export data for fungicide formulations, and export data for disinfectants.

关键词： autonomous 经绝 Australia Thailand Canada united

Attitudes and diagnostic practice in low back pain:A qualitative study amongst Greek and British physiotherapists

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第9期7卷 561-569页

作者： Evdokia Billis Christopher J McCarthy John Gliatis Charalampos Matzaroglou Jacqueline A Oldham Department of Physical Therapy Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust St Mary’s Hospital Department of Orthopaedic University Hospital of Patras University of Manchester Manchester:Integrating Medicine and Innovative Technology

AIM To explore current diagnostic practice and attitudes of Greek and united Kingdom physiotherapists(PTs)on assessing low back pain(LBP)patients.METHODS Three focus groups were undertaken,followed by a structured questionnaire-type survey comprising 23 health professionals and a random stratified sample of 150 PTs,respectively.Twenty-nine themes relating to LBP diagnostic practice emerged.These were then given to 30 British PTs assessing their level of agreement with their Greek counterparts.Analysis was performed by percentage agreements andχ2 tests.RESULTS The survey was divided into three subsections;PTs’attitudes on LBP assessment,patients’attitudes and diagnostic/healthcare issues,each constituting 14,7 and 8 statements,respectively.Over half of the statements fell within the 30%-80%agreement between Greece and united Kingdom whereas,5 statements reported low(90%)PT percentage agreement.Similarities across British and Greek PTs were detected in history taking methods and in the way PTs feel patients perceive physiotherapy practice whereas,re-assessment was undertaken less frequently in Greece.Diagnosis according to 91%of the Greek PTs is considered a“privilege”which is exclusive for doctors in Greece(only 17%British PTs agreed)and is accompanied with a great overuse of medical investigations.Forty percent of Greek PTs(compared to 0%of British)consider themselves as“executers”,being unable to interfere with treatment plan,possibly implying lack of autonomy.CONCLUSION Although similarities on history taking methods and on patients’attitudes were detected across both groups,gross differences were found in re-assessment procedures and diagnostic issues between Greek and British physiotherapists,highlighting differences in service delivery and professional autonomy.

关键词： Diagnostic practice Low back pain united Kingdom Greek Physiotherapists

Improving Maternal Mortality: Comprehensive Reporting for All Pregnancy Outcomes

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017年第8期7卷 162-181页

作者： James Studnicki John W. Fisher Charles A. Donovan David A. Prentice Sharon J. MacKinnon Charlotte Lozier Institute Washington DC USA

Objective: To demonstrate the impact of inadequate standardization and population coverage on the ability to measure and improve maternal mortality in the united States. Data Sources: The CDC Wonder system for the years 2000-2015 using the following definitions of maternal mortality and associated ICD-CM-10 codes: 1) Maternal deaths up to 42 days after delivery (A34, O00-O99, except O96-O97);2) Maternal deaths within one year after delivery (A34, O00-O99, except O97);3) All maternal deaths (A34, O00-O99). Study Design: For each year between 2000-2015, we provided maternal deaths, live births, and calculated maternal mortality ratios (MDR). For deaths within 42 days, we also calculated adjusted mortality ratios (ADR). Principal Findings: Maternal mortality comparisons which utilize inconsistent definitions and apply non-validated statistical adjustments produce specious results. Conclusions: Variation and inconsistency in definitions, coding, and other reporting anomalies render the current aggregated vital statistics on maternal mortality inadequate for accurate trending and service impact studies. The definition of maternal mortality must be expanded to all outcomes of pregnancy: births, induced abortions, and natural fetal losses.

关键词： Maternal Mortality Maternal Mortality/Trends Pregnancy Complications/Mortality Public Health Surveillance/Methods united States/Epidemiology

The Origin,Obstacles and Prospects of Sino-US Space Cooperation

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Contemporary International Relations 2018年第6期28卷 123-134页

作者： Guo Xiaobing the Institute of Arms Control and Security Studies China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations

Space is an important part of the Sino-US relationship. It reflects the general direction of bilateral relations, yet has its own development trajectory. As Sino-US relations had their ups and downs in the 1990 s, space cooperation between the two countries was relatively consistent and stable. But as economy and trade became more and more deeply intertwined in the 21 st century, space cooperation lost its momentum. This paper intends to explore the reasons behind this strange development trajectory by analyzing the security, political, legislative and economic factors affecting bilateral space cooperation. It also tries to analyze the prospect of Sino-US space cooperation in President Trump's term.

关键词： China the united States space cooperation space security

Effects of USPSTF guidelines on patterns of screening and treatment outcomes for prostate cancer

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World Journal of Translational Medicine 2014年第2期3卷 112-118页

作者： Vindya Gunawardena Jeanny B Aragon-Ching George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology George Washington University Medical Center

The updated united States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) for prostate cancer in 2012 recommends against prostate-specific antigen(PSA) based screening for men of all ages. Prostate cancer is the second most common and second most deadly cancer in American men. PSA screening for prostate cancer has been present since 1994 leading to an over diagnosis and over treatment of low volume disease. There is an overall agreement of men towards the guidelines but even with the understanding of the USPSTF, these men tend to follow more personal beliefs that have been influenced by their knowledge of the disease process and physician influence. Physicians also followed the directions of the patients and opted not to change their current practice of PSA screening despite the new guidelines. Time, legal, and ethical issues were some of the barriers that physicians faced in tailoring their practice towards screening. The importance of informed consent is highlighted by both the patients and the physicians and clearly more effective when the patient was pre-informed of the disease processand prompted the physicians to initiate conversation of informed screening. Younger patients were inclined towards aggressive treatment and older patients opted towards watchful waiting both with emphasis on the importance of evidence-based information provided by the physician. Decision aids were useful in making informed decisions and could be used to educate patients on screening purposes and treatment options. However, even with well-created decision aids and physician influence, patients' own belief system played a major part in healthcare decision making in either screening or treatment for prostate cancer.

关键词： Prostate cancer screening united States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines Prostate cancer treatment outcomes