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unintended pregnancy Determinants among Antenatal Clinic Attendees: A University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Experience

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 229-245页

作者： Ijeoma Chioma Oppah Terhemen Kasso Emmanuel Okwudili Oranu Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

An unintended pregnancy is a pregnancy that is either mistimed or unplanned. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancy as well as to document the determinant factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 215 women attending the antenatal clinic of UPTH from July to August 2022. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive history, desirability of the current pregnancy at the time of conception, knowledge and use of contraceptive methods were collected using a pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Chi-square test was used for test of associations with the level of significance set at P unintended pregnancy from the study was 16.28% (≈16%). The contraceptive awareness was very high (209, 97.21%), however, 101 (46.98%) participants had never used any form of contraceptives. Univariate analysis using Chi-square test showed a statistically significant association between age and unintended pregnancy (P = 0.042), level of education and unwanted pregnancy (P = 0.033) as well as parity and unintended pregnancy (P = 0.019). The prevalence of unintended pregnancy among women attending antenatal clinics was high, possibly due to low contraceptive usage. More efforts should be geared towards ensuring access to comprehensive contraceptive care and contraceptive methods, this will enhance uptake and reduce the rate of unintended pregnancy.

关键词： unintended pregnancy Determinants Prevalence Antenatal Attendees

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Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of unintended pregnancy among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Thyolo District, Malawi

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第5期10卷 7-24页

作者： Dennis Dennis Gwesere Mariam Namutebi Charles Osiganda Department of Nursing and Midwifery Malamulo College of Health Sciences Malawi Adventist University Thyolo Malawi Department of Nursing College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Background: unintended pregnancies remain a public health problem. unintended pregnancies continue to be a leading predisposing factor to the high total fertility rate, high maternal and child health morbidity and mortality. unintended pregnancies lead to unsafe abortion and poor health-seeking behavior, especially among young and poor women. Knowledge of associated factors can help to design and implement appropriate interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with unintended pregnancy among women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at Thyolo District Hospital in Malawi. Methodology: It was a quantitative cross-sectional study. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with 396 women using a questionnaire. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit study participants. STATA version 13 package was used for univariate descriptive statistics, and logistic regression for bivariate and multivariate data analysis. Results: Slightly over half (54%) of women attending the antenatal clinic at Thyolo District Hospital had an unintended pregnancy. unintended pregnancy was more likely to be reported among women of less than 20 years, education below secondary school level, marriage before 20 years, and polygamous relationships. In addition, families relying on farming alone other than employment or business were more likely to have an unintended pregnancy. Primgravidity and having no living child were also significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Conclusion: Prevalence of unintended pregnancy is a health burden in Thyolo. Strategies to keep the girl child in school and delay marriage could address this challenge. Increasing access to effective contraceptive methods for the youth could mitigate the problem.

关键词： unintended pregnancy Determinants Teenage pregnancy Mistimed pregnancy

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Analysis of unintended pregnancy and influencing factors among married women in China

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China Population and Development Studies 2023年第1期7卷 15-36页

作者： Hui Wang Yanhui Zou Hongyan Liu Xueqian Chen Social Medicine and Management of Public Health Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Population Research Department China Population and Development Research CenterBeijingChina Peking University BeijingChina Chinese Academy of Social Sciences BeijingChina China Population and Development Research Center BeijingChina Department of Sociology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

unintended pregnancy often ends with induced abortion,an outcome that affects a woman’s physical and mental health and consumes social resources.A national fertility survey conducted by the former National Health and Family Planning Com-mission in 2017,gathered data on pregnancies among married women aged 15-49 to analyze the changing circumstances of such pregnancies and the factors that influ-ence their *** analysis found that the incidence of unintended pregnan-cies among married women in China was 42.4‰in 2017,and that such pregnancies accounted for 22.9%of all pregnancies in China for the years *** all abortions,91.9%were used to terminate unintended pregnancies,and of unintended pregnancies,67.1%ended with induced *** incidence of unintended pregnancy and that of induced abortion to terminate the unintended pregnancy were higher among women living in an urban rather than a rural area,having previously given birth to a boy,having a large number of children,being at the older end of their childbearing years,or having a shorter interpregnancy *** 37.3%of women chose long-term contraceptive methods after an induced abortion caused by an unintended pregnancy;their sense of self-protection was not *** is neces-sary to strengthen education and advocacy,enhance women’s awareness of the pro-tection contraceptives offer,and improve the quality of and access to contraceptive services to reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancy,and reduce the incidence of induced abortion to terminate unintended pregnancy.

关键词： unintended pregnancy Induced abortion Influenced factor Married women

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Correlates of Mistimed pregnancy and Unmet Need for Family Planning among Women of Reproductive Age in Sandema, Ghana

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第2期12卷 125-140页

作者： Elvis Junior Dun-Dery Elijah Yendaw Frederick Dun-Dery Lawrence Bagrmwin Menaal Kaushal Department of Population and Health Research Research Web Africa Sunyani Ghana Department of Governance and Development Management Faculty of Planning and Land Management Simon Diedong Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies Wa Ghana University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta Canada Lambussie Polyclinic Ghana Health Service Lambusie Upper West Region Ghana Department of Public Health Lekma Hospital Ghana Health Service Accra Ghana

Background: Globally, an estimated 80 million unintended pregnancies comprising both mistimed and unwanted pregnancies are recorded yearly. Yet only half of the women at risk of mistimed pregnancy use contraceptives. In developing countries, over 100 million females have unmet need, and national surveys in Ghana indicate 23% unmet need rate. Methods: Using a cross-sectional community-based approach, a sample size of 300 women of reproductive age were selected using multi-step cluster sampling techniques. The study was quantitative, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: Two-third (66%) of the women in reproductive age still had unmet need, 71% were currently pregnant, and more than a third (36%) confirmed ever having a mistimed pregnancy. Fifty-three percent (53%) of the women confirmed never communicating with their partners on family planning issues, a little below half (45%) took their own health care decisions. Seventy nine percent (79%) ever received family planning services from a health professional. Factors related to unmet needs included mistimed pregnancy, level of education, preferred birth/pregnancy interval, communication between partners and the autonomy to spend self-earnings. Conclusion: Considering that high rates of unmet need results in mistimed pregnancy, improved policies around the influence of unmet need on mistimed pregnancies are needed.

关键词： Contraception Family Planning Mistimed pregnancy Ghana unintended pregnancy

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Determinants of emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh: An analysis of national survey data

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2022年第2期11卷 62-69页

作者： Md.Rahman Mahfuzur Md.Rashed Alam Md Arif Billah Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development University of RajshahiRajshahi 6205Bangladesh Department of Social Work and Counselling Faculty of BusinessEconomic and Social DevelopmentUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu21030 Kuala NerusTerengganuMalaysia

Objective:To examine the determinants of emergency contraceptive pill use in ***:Data for this cross-sectional study came from 2017-2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health *** of 906 reproductive age women who were potential candidates for using emergency contraceptive pill were analysed in this *** were analysed using univariate and multivariate *** binary logistic regression was employed as multivariate ***:Only 10.9%candidates were found to ever use emergency contraceptive *** odds of using emergency contraceptive pill for women visited by family planning field worker was significantly higher than that for those who were not visited by family planning field worker[odds ratio(OR)1.94;95%confidence interval(CI)1.19–3.17;P=0.008],while the odds of using emergency contraceptive pill for women with high socioeconomic status was higher than that for those with low socioeconomic status(OR 3.10;95%CI 1.61–5.97;P=0.001).Additionally,having some media access was linked to an increase in the odds of using emergency contraceptive pill(OR 3.01;95%CI 1.33–6.83;P=0.008).Women empowerment related factors did not show any significant effect on emergency contraceptive pill ***:The findings indicate that family planning programme has a great opportunity of playing an important role in increasing emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh by increasing the knowledge and awareness of women about emergency contraceptive pill.

关键词： Emergency contraceptive pill unintended pregnancy Abortion Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey Bangladesh

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Urgent need to change clinical practices about postpartum contraception

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第3期4卷 52-57页

作者： Crystal Goldsmith Anita L Nelson Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Southern California Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at Harbor-UCLA

In the United States, maternal mortality and unintended pregnancy rates are increasing. There are growing disparities in maternal health between indigent, minority women and Caucasian women of higher socioeconomic status. Family planning has long been viewed as a solution to these problems. As reliance on permanent contraception has diminished, timely access to highly effective contraceptive methods, namely long acting reversible contraceptives, which includes the contraceptive hormonal implant and intrauterine device- has become even more important. For women in the United States and abroad, the time of delivery is the one reliable opportunity for women to receive medical care. Consistently, research has shown that providing contraception in the immediate postpartum period is safe, effective, feasible and cost effective. However, misperceptions, lack of supplies, and reimbursement issues combine to defeat attempts to provide the most effective methods of contraception during that hospitalization. We believe that it is time to tackle the problem of unintended and rapid repeat pregnancy using an evidence-based, patient-centered paradigm and to eradicate systemic barriers blocking access to contraceptive methods during hospital stay. This editorial will outline some of the more compelling evidence supporting this move and will provide insights from successful programs.

关键词： Postpartum contraception Long actingreversible contraception Subdermal contraceptiveimplant Intrauterine device unintended pregnancy

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Geographic Access to Working Family Planning Centers and unintended Pregnancies among Married Women: A Community Based Nested Case Control Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2016年第1期6卷 95-108页

作者： Sumera Aziz Ali Sarah Saleem Neelofar Sami Mir Shabbar Muhammad Ahmed Shafquat Rozi Robert L. Goldenberg Margo S. Harrison Omrana Pasha Department of Community Health Sciences Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Willows Foundation Karachi Pakistan Department of Urban and Infrastructure Engineering NED University Karachi Pakistan Department of OB/GYN Columbia University Medical Center New York USA

Background: unintended pregnancies pose substantial risk to mothers and children. In Pakistan, unintended pregnancies account for 46% of all pregnancies. Lack of geographic access to open and well-supplied family planning (FP) centers may be related to the occurrence of such pregnancies, particularly in rural areas. Objective: The objective of this analysis is to determine if geographic access to family planning centers in the Thatta district of Pakistan is related to unintended pregnancy rates among married women. Methods: We conducted a community-based, nested case-control study of 800 pregnant women identified from the database of an active surveillance system, which registers and follows all pregnant women in the catchment area of Thatta district. Women were enrolled during the first trimester;those that reported their pregnancy to be unintended were selected as cases (n = 200), and those whose pregnancies were intended served as controls (n = 600). We defined geographic access as including both the distance of a family planning center from the woman’s home, and availability of personal transportation. Logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: In the multivariate model, neither distance [OR = 1.0;95% CI (0.95 - 1.05)] nor availability of transportation [OR = 1.14;95% CI (0.78 - 1.67)] were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. In fact, women with unintended pregnancies were more likely to be aware of family planning [OR = 2.21;95% CI (1.23 - 3.97)] and more likely to have been using a contraceptive method before conceiving their index pregnancy [OR = 3.59;95% CI (1.83 - 7.06)]. Other factors related to unintended pregnancy were older maternal age [OR = 1.13;95% CI (1.08 - 1.17)], having already had at least one son [OR = 3.13;95% CI (1.93 - 5.07)];spousal opposition to contraceptive use, [OR = 3.24;95% CI (1.89 - 5.56)] and low spousal education level [OR = 1.85;95% CI (1.08 - 3.18)] as compared to women with intended pregnancy. Conclusio

关键词： unintended pregnancy Geographic Access Family Planning

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Sexuality and Emergency Contraceptive Practice among Female Undergraduates in Lagos, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第6期10卷 836-854页

作者： Yusuf Abisowo Oshodi Fatimat Motunrayo Akinlusi Akaninyene Akan Uduosoro Joy Onyinyechi Agbara Kabiru Afolarin Rabiu Oluwarotimi Ireti Akinola Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja Nigeria

Background: Young people, especially those in tertiary institutions are vulnerable to unplanned and unprotected sexual intercourse which predisposes them to unintended pregnancies and subsequently unsafe abortions. One of the key interventions for reduction of unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions is effective use of emergency contraceptives. Objectives: To assess the sexuality, perception, attitude towards and determinants of usage of emergency contraception among female undergraduates in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: Cross-sectional survey conducted in June 2016 among 805 female students of the Lagos State University. Data were collected through structured self-administered questionnaire by obtaining information on demography, sexual and contraceptive history, perception, attitude towards and use of emergency contraceptives. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Chi-square and logistic regression models were applied to variables to test for significance that predicts

关键词： Sexuality Unprotected Intercourse unintended pregnancy Emergency Contraceptives Practice

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Chinese Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Female Contraceptive Methods

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2018年第4期2卷 208-223页

作者： Li-Nan Cheng Wen Di Yan Ding Guang-Sheng Fan Xiang-Ying Gu Min Hao Jing He Li-Na Hu Ke-Qin Hua Wei Huang Li Jin Bei-Hua Kong Jing-He Lang Jin-Hua Leng Jian Li Cai-Xia Liu Guan-Yuan Liu Lei Song Xiao-Ye Wang Shang-Chun Wu Min Xue Hui-Xia Yang Qing Yang Shu-Zhong Yao Zhen-Yu Zhang Ying-Fang Zhou Lan Zhu Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research ShanghaiChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityÜrümqiChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Department of Family Planning Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina Department of Obstetrics Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina Department of Family Planning Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina Research Institute of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China BeijingChina Department of Gynecology The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University First HospitalBeijingChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

unintended pregnancy is a global issue, with approximately 85,000,000 women around the world having unintended pregnancy annually. The contents of clinical application of women’s contraceptive methods are very wide, involving multiple areas. This consensus deeply discusses the specific contraceptive needs at different statuses, combined with gynecological diseases, postabortion contraception, and postpartum family planning, ensuring the correct use of contraceptive methods under the corresponding status. The top priority of the consensus is the specific contraception consensus section for women combined with gynecological diseases because medical treatment effect as well as side effects should be weighed carefully. The consensus is to make high-efficiency and individual contraceptive strategy for different groups based on multidisciplinary(gynecology, obstetrics, and family planning) and multidimensional aspects, which can provide uniform guidance for medical and health organizations under the condition as relevant global guidance or consensus is still lacking.

关键词： Contraceptive Methods Gynecological Disease Postabortion Contraception Postpartum Family Planning unintended pregnancy

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