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Knowledge and practice of care-givers who have under-five diarrhoeal children:a quantitative cross-sectional study in Mataniko settlements in Honiara, Solomon Islands, 2016

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Global Health Journal 2017年第2期1卷 12-22页

作者： Ambrose Gali Keshwa N.Krishna Sabiha Khan John Lowry Tamara Mangum Masoud Mohammadnezhad Research Unit Department of Health PromotionMinistry of HealthP.O.Box 349HoniaraSolomon Islands Department of Environmental and Epidemiology Fiji National UniversityPrincess RoadTamavuaSuvaFiji Islands School of People Environment and PlanningMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand Department of Public Health Fiji National UniversityPrincess RoadTamavuaSuvaFiji Islands

Introduction:Diarrhoea remains the second most serious health problem among children below five years old in Solomon Islands and is one of the leading causes of infant mortality,which caused about one in every ten children dying before the age of five ***,around 6 million children (＜5 years) suffer from diarrhoea each *** of lack of previous studies,this study aims to assess the predictors of knowledge and practice of caregivers towards diarrhoea among under-five children in Mataniko informal settlements in Honiara,Solomon Islands,***:This quantitative study was conducted at three randomly selected settlements in Honiara,Solomon Islands from June to July *** study was conducted among both male and female caregivers who had children under five years of age,were aged 18 and over,live in Solomon Islands and were willing to participate in the study.A validated structured questionnaire was used to collect the data based on a 2-week recall of diarrhoea *** avoid double-counting,each surveyed household was geo-referenced using global positioning system (GPS).The collected data were entered and analysed using SPSS (version 23.0) and descriptive and analytical statistics.P＜0.05 was considered as statistically *** study was approved by relevant ethical ***:A total of 205 caregivers with at least one child under-five years participated in the *** mean ages of caregivers and the under-five children were (30.7+8.2) years and (2.6+1.5) years,*** 205 caregivers,94 of them had reported that their children (＜5 years) had suffered with at least one episode of diarrhoea within the last 2 weeks prior to the *** gave a prevalence rate of 45.9％.The caregiver's knowledge about the causes (99.0％) and prevention (98.0％) of under-five diarrhoea was extremely ***,less than half had regularly practiced essential hygiene *** factors which appeared to be significantly associat

关键词： diarrhoea knowledge and practice under-five children Solomon Islands

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Individual and Systemic Factors of under-five Mortality in Nigeria:A Cox Proportional Hazard Model

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Macro Management & Public Policies 2023年第3期5卷 16-33页

作者： Titus Kolawole Ojewumi Department of Demography and Social Statistics Faculty of Social SciencesObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife220003Nigeria

Despite considerable efforts to reduce under-five mortality nationwide,Nigeria has fallen short of achieving the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)target of 67 deaths per 1,000 live births by *** all the documented factors of under-five mortality,little evidence exists on the impact of systemic barriers and individual factors(maternal health-seeking behaviour)on under-five mortality in *** study used a nationally representative sample from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey(NDHS)2013 *** target population was 20,192 women aged 15-59 years who had given birth to 31,480 children five years before the *** software was used for data *** risk of death was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models and results are presented as hazards ratios(HR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).Findings from the overall Model I-IV revealed individual factors(maternal health-seeking indicators)as significant factors of under-five deaths(p<0.05).Children whose mothers received antenatal care coverage(ANC)outside health care facilities(HCF)(HR:1.60,CI:1.0-2.4,p<0.05);or delivered outside HCF(HR:1.02,CI:0.7-1.5,p<0.05)had elevated hazard risk of death before age ***,children who were presented for postnatal check within two weeks of delivery(HR:0.60,CI:0.5-0.8,p<0.05),or delivered within the longer birth interval(HR:0.67,CI:0.6-0.8,p<0.001)had significantly lower hazard risk of death before age *** part of systemic factors,children whose mothers were covered by health insurance scheme had significantly(HR:0.52,CI:0.2-1.2,p<0.001)lower risk of death when compared with their counterparts without health insurance *** study emphasized the need to revitalize strategies and programs to improve women health seeking behaviour and investment in the health sector through health insurance,infrastructure,and supplies.

关键词： Individual Systemic under-five Mortality Cox-proportional Hazards Model Nigeria

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Determinants of under-five Mortality in Bangladesh

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Open Journal of Statistics 2013年第3期3卷 213-219页

作者： Abdul Hamid Chowdhury Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh

This paper examines determinants of under-five mortality in Bangladesh. The study utilizes the data extracted from the 2007 Bangladesh demographic and health survey. Chi-square test for independence and multivariate proportional hazard analysis reflects that father’s education, place of residence, region of residence, number of children under five years of age, previous death of sibling, mother’s age and breastfeeding have significant influence on under-five mortality. The proximate determinants are found to have stronger influence on under-five mortality than the socioeconomic factors considered in the study do.

关键词： under-five Mortality Proportional Hazard Significance Determinant

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Current Status and Predictors of Diarrhoeal Diseases among under-five Children in a Rapidly Growing Urban Setting: The Case of City Administration of Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2015年第2期5卷 89-97页

作者： Molla Gedefaw Mengesha Takele Mekonnen Aychiluhem Molalign Tarekegn GAMBY College of Medical Sciences Bahir Dar Ethiopia Organization for Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara Bahir Dar Ethiopia

Background: Diarrhoeal disease in under-five children is a serious public health challenge especially in low income countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, several interventions are going on to reduce morbidity, and mortality of children. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhoeal diseases among under-five children in the City Administration of Bahir Dar. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample size of 667 mothers/caregivers having under-five children. Participants were selected through multistage sampling technique. Structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect data. It was analyzed using SPSS version 16 for windows. Logistic regression was applied to measure possible associations. Strength of association, and statistical significance was measured using odds ratio and confidence interval at 95% confidence level. Results: A total of 667 mothers/ caregivers with under-five children were included in the study. Two-week prevalence of diarrhoea was 21.6%. Households in rural part of the city (OR: 2.82, 95%CI: 1.66 - 4.81), monthly income ≤ birr 500 (OR: 2.27, 95%CI: 1.44 - 3.57, failure to use separate container for storing drinking water (OR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.17 - 2.70), presence of human excreta in the compound (OR: 1.88, 95% (1.15 - 3.06) were found to be predictors of childhood diarrhoea. Conclusion: Diarrhoeal diseases remain serious public health challenge in rural as well as urban set ups in Ethiopia with particular reference to Bahir Dar City, despite several interventions over decades. Therefore, interventions, and strategies applied so far to eliminate diseases of poverty including diarrhoeal diseases should be re-visited.

关键词： Diarrhoeal Diseases Prevalence under-five Children Urban Setting

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Social determinants of under-five mortality in Ethiopia: Event history analysis using evidence from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS)

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Health 2013年第5期5卷 879-884页

作者： Tariku Dejene Eshetu Girma Department of Epidemiology Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia

Background: under-five mortality is one of the indicators of the millennium development goals (MDGs) for the child mortality reduction goal. understanding the social determinants of under-five mortality is helpful to narrow the gap between different social classes. Therefore, this study focused on the social determinants of under-five mortality inEthiopiausing EDHS 2011 data. Methods: The data source for this analysis was the 2011 EDHS which was undertaken over a five-month period from 27 December, 2010 to 3 June, 2011. The sample was selected using a stratified, two-stage cluster design. Samples of 16,515 women of reproductive age were interviewed. The questionnaire used to collect information from these women who?had among other things such as?background characteristics of women, birth history of these women and the survival of each birth at the time of the interview. Births that had occurred to women in the last 10 years prior to the date of the?interview were extracted for the analysis. Descriptive statistical methods were used to describe the distribution of the characteristics of the data. Kaplan Meier plots and incidence rates per 1000 person years were used to compare survival across different categories of the risk factors. The effect of the risk factors on survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Data management and analysis were carried out using STATA 10. Results: A total of 23,581 under-five children were included in the study. The under-five mortality incidence rate in Ethiopia for the last ten years was 29.6 per 1000 person years. Maternal education beyond primary level of education reduced the risk of under-five mortality by about half. A significant reduction in risk of under-five mortality was observed among births to mothers residing in richest households. The hazard ratio (HR) was higher for under-five mortality among boys than daughters, twins than singleton, teen age mother than higher ages and short births than optimal.

关键词： under-five Mortality Social Determinants DHS Ethiopia

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Predictors of Malaria Prevalence and Coverage of Insecticide-Treated Bednets among under-five Children in the Buea Health District, South West Region, Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第2期8卷 25-40页

作者： Mohamed Isah Ngwa Fabrice Ambe Tanyi Pride Bobga Ateh Stanislas Ketum Misonge Kapnang Ivan Mentoh Ajem Abungwi Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Cameroon Nkafu Policy Institute of the Denis and Lenora Foretia Foundation Yaounde Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Cameroon Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Cameroon Health Organisation Welfare Yaounde Cameroon Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Cameroon

Introduction: Cameroon is a hyperendemic country to malaria where it remains a major public health concern, especially amongst children under-five. Insecticide-treated bednets (ITBNs) is the main control strategies. This study aimed at determining the predictors of malaria prevalence and coverage of ITBNs among under-five children in the Buea Health District (BHD), South West Region of Cameroon in other to reduce the morbidity and mortality of malaria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the BHD which is a malaria-hyperendemic area. Every head (female/male) of the household who was present at home at the time of data collection was randomly interviewed using a structured questionnaire. under-five children were ascertained for malaria using microscopy, with a temperature of ≥37.50°C. Results: Out of 391 children (mean age = 19.7 month, SD = 2.5) who were selected and ascertained for malaria, the overall malaria prevalence was 13.04% (95% CI: 10.04 - 16.78). In a multivariate analysis after adjusting for confounders, female parents/guardians (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29 - 0.91) was associated with low risk of malaria while parents/guardians with no formal/primary educational (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.76 - 4.04) and children who did not use ITBN (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08 - 2.51) were associated with an increased risk of malaria. Out of the selected children, 84.4% possessed ITBN (95% CI: 80.4 - 87.7) while 72.6% (95% CI: 67.9 - 76.8) used ITBN. In a multivariate after adjusting for confounders, Bova health area showed a significantly lower usage of ITBNs (χ 2 = 14.053, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The findings indicate that increased ITBN usage, increased parents/guardians’ educational level and good knowledge of ITBN is required to lower the risk of under-five children being infected with malaria. Health area of residence greatly influences the direct relationship between bednets possession and usage. These, therefore, indicates the possession of ITBN doesn’t

关键词： Malaria Prevalence Bednets Children under-five

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Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria among under-five Children: A Systematic Review

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Health 2020年第4期12卷 378-395页

作者： Ndukaku Nwakwue Mary Achi Mgbekem Alberta David Nsemo Margaret Armon Regina Ella Ifreke Willie Akpan Pricilla Adrew-Bassey Department of Nursing Science University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Nigeria.

Most uncomplicated malaria dominated countries have embraced the recommended first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Artemisinin-based combination therapies such as Artemether-Lumefantrine, Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine have shown to be effective with Artemether-Lumefantrine and considered the most effective and approved by WHO. The study collected and reviewed recent randomized controlled trials for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria under five children. Eligibility criteria for the selected studies were based on the use of tools such as PICO (T) and data extraction tools such as REPOSE guidelines, PRISMA statement and eligibility criteria. This study includes only RCTs on the treatment of uncomplicated malaria under 5 s. Data was analyzed through comparative-narrative analysis. This study found 8 studies. Selected studies had a total of 10,682 participants within the age range of 0 - 59 months with the diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria and an MCP range of 2000 - 200,000 treated with different antimalarial drugs. Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine drugs were found to be consistent in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria under 5 s within three days. Findings show that Artemether-Lumefantrine, Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine were the best drugs of choice due to their fast rate in fever reduction and parasite clearance. The efficacy of Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine is comparable to Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine. The study concludes that Artesunate + Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine can also be drugs of choice along with the well-known and utilized Artemether-Lumefantrine combination because of the fever reduction and parasite clearance within the first three days duration.

关键词： Malaria under-five Antimalarial Treatment Uncomplicated Malaria ACTs

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Teenage pregnancy and implications on child survival amongst mothers attending a clinic in the East-End, Freetown, Sierra Leone

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2013年第4期3卷 294-299页

作者： Tamramat I. Runsewe-Abiodun Sahr F. Bondi Ola during Children’s Hospital Freetown Sierra Leone

Introduction: Every year it is estimated that about 14 million adolescent girls give birth globally with the highest rate (143 per 1000 girls aged 15 - 19 years) in the sub-Saharan Africa. Babies born to adolescent mothers are at greater risk and are far more likely to die than those born to older women. This study therefore sets out to describe the health care seeking behaviors in a cohort of teenage mothers attending an under-five Clinic in a densely populated section of Freetown, Sierra Leone with a view of determining the impact of their behavior on the survival of their children. Methodology: This is a descriptively cross sectional and prospective study that involved four hundred and six mothers attending the under-five Clinic in the Eastern end of Freetown using semiclosed ended questionnaire which were interviewers administered between 1st and 29th July 2011. Result: The age of the study population ranged between 12 and 45 years, with a mean of 24.8 ± 6.3 years. Of the four hundred and six, eighty nine (21%) were teenagers (less than 20 years) with a majority (60.6%) of them being between 18 and 19 years old. Concerning the 89 teenage mothers in the study population, the majority (95.5%) did not possess the secondary school education, 42.7% were petty traders and more than a half of them (61.8%) were married. The mothers were rated low in all the activities geared towards child survival except immunization. In addition there was a delay in the initiation of complementary feeds which were also of poor quality. Fewer percentages of the mothers who had antenatal care in the hospitals delivered there. Conclusion: This study has revealed that early marriage is still common in Sierra Leone. Also the teenage mothers did not engage fully in a majority of activities that have been proven to contribute to the survival of babies in the Tropics thereby making their children vulnerable to malnutrition, measles and diarrhoeal diseases. It was recommended that the country s

关键词： Teenage Pregnancy under-five Mortality Freetown

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