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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2007年第2期1卷 202-207页

作者： GAO Sujun ZHANG Daijia SUN Yaqin XIU Zhilong Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Environmental and Biological Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

The separation of 1,3-propanediol from the glycerol-based fermentation broth of Klebsiella pneumoniae plays an important role during the microbial production of 1,3-propanediol.In this paper,the separation of 1,3-propanediol from fermentative broth by a combination of ultrafiltration and alcohol dilution crystallization was investi-gated.The broth was first filtered by ultrafiltration,and 99%of cells,89.4%of proteins and 69%of nucleic acids were removed.The obtained broth was further condensed by vacuum distillation,and then alcohol was added.The macro-molecular impurities,such as nucleic acids,polysaccharides and proteins,were precipitated,and inorganic and organic salts were crystallized.The optimal volume ratio of alcohol added to the condensed fermentation broth was determined to be 2:1.As a result,proteins,nucleic acids and electric conduc-tivity decreased by 97.4%,89.7%and 95.8%,respectively,compared with the fermentative broth.The influences of pH and water content in condensed broth on alcohol precipi-tation and dilution crystallization were also investigated.The experimental results indicated that alcohol precipitation and dilution crystallization was feasible and effective for the separation of 1,3-propanediol from actual fermentation broth.

关键词： 1 3-propanediol alcohol precipitation and dilution crystallization glycerol fermentation ultrafiltration Klebsiella pneumoniae

Perfusionist strategies for blood conservation in pediatric cardiac surgery

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World Journal of Cardiology 2010年第2期2卷 27-33页

作者： Yves Durandy Perfusion and Intensive Care Unit Pediatric Cardiac SurgeryInstitut Hospitalier Jacques CartierMassy 91300France

There is increasing concern about the safety of homologous blood transfusion during cardiac surgery,and a restrictive transfusion practice is associated with improved outcome.Transfusion-free pediatric cardiac surgery is unrealistic for the vast majority of procedures in neonates or small infants;however,considerable progress has been made by using techniques that decrease the need for homologous blood products or even allow bloodless surgery in older infants and children.These techniques involve a decrease in prime volume by downsizing the bypass circuit with the help of vacuumassisted venous drainage,microplegia,autologous blood predonation with or without infusion of recombinant(erythropoietin),cell salvaging,ultrafiltration and retrograde autologous priming.The three major techniques which are simple,safe,efficient,and cost-effective are:a prime volume as small as possible,cardioplegia with negligible hydric balance and circuit residual blood salvaged without any alteration.Furthermore,these three techniques can be used for all the patients,including emergencies and small babies.In every pediatric surgical unit,a strategy to decrease or avoid blood bank transfusion must be implemented.A strategy to minimize transfusion requirement requires a combined effort involving the entire surgical team with pre-,peri-,and postoperative planning and management.

关键词： Autologous blood predonation Blood conservation Cardiopulmonary bypass Cell-salvage Microplegia Pediatric open-heart surgery Prime volume reduction Retrograde autologous priming ultrafiltration Vacuum-assisted venous drainage

Peritoneal dialysis for chronic cardiorenal syndrome:Lessons learned from ultrafiltration trials

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World Journal of Cardiology 2015年第7期7卷 392-396页

作者： Amir Kazory Division of Nephrology Hypertensionand Renal TransplantationUniversity of Florida

The current models of cardiorenal syndrome(CRS) are mainly based on a cardiocentric approach; they assume that worsening renal function is an adverse consequence of the decline in cardiac function rather than a separate and independent pathologic phenomenon. If this assumption were true,then mechanical extraction of fluid(i.e.,ultrafiltration therapy) would be expected to portend positive impact on renal hemodynamics and function through improvement in cardio-circulatory physiology and reduction in neurohormonal activation. However,currently available ultrafiltration trials,whether in acute heart failure(AHF) or in CRS,have so far failed to show any improvement in renal function; they have reported no impact or even observed adverse renal outcomes in this setting. Moreover,the presence or absence of renal dysfunction seems to affect the overall safety and efficacy of ultrafiltration therapy in AHF. This manuscript briefly reviews cardiorenal physiology in AHF and concludes that therapeutic options for CRS should not only target cardio-circulatory status of the patients,but they need to also have the ability of addressing the adverse homeostatic consequences of the associated decline in renal function. Peritoneal dialysis(PD) can be such an option for the chronic cases of CRS as it has been shown to provide efficient intracorporeal ultrafiltration and sodium extraction in volume overloaded patients while concurrently correcting the metabolic consequences of diminished renal function. Currently available trials on PD in heart failure have shown the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic modality for patients with chronic CRS and suggest that it could represent a pathophysiologically and conceptually relevant option in this setting.

关键词： Cardiorenal syndrome Peritoneal dialysis Heart failure ultrafiltration

Biodegradability enhancement of municipal landfill leachate

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Water Science and Engineering 2008年第4期1卷 89-98页

作者： Pi Kewu Gong Wenqi School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China

The method of enhancing the biodegradability of landfill leachate via air stripping followed by coagulation/ultrafiltration （UF） processes is introduced. In this study, the air stripping process obtained a removal efficiency of 88.6% for ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N）, at an air-to-liquid ratio （A/L） of 3 300 （pH = 11） and after 18 h of stripping. The single coagulation process increased the BOD （biological oxygen demand）/COD （chemical oxygen demand） ratio by 0.089 with a FeCl3 dosage of 570 mg/L, at pH 7.0, and the single UF process increased the BOD/COD ratio from 0.049 to 0.311. However, the combination of coagulation and UF increased the BOD/COD ratio from 0.049 to 0.423, and the final BOD, COD, NH3-N, and colour of the leachate were 1 023 mg/L, 2 845 mg/L, 145 mg/L, and 2 056, respectively, when a 3 kDa molecular weight cut-off （MWCO） membrane was used at an operating pressure of 0.7 MPa. In the ultrafiltration process, the average solution flux （Jv）, concentration multiple （Mc）, and retention rate （R） for the COD were 107.3 L/（m^2·h）, 6.3, and 84.2%, respectively.

关键词： landfill leachate air stripping coagulation ultrafiltration biodegradability

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Hemodialysis

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2015年第2期5卷 54-60页

作者： Imen Gorsane Madiha Mahfoudhi Fathi Younsi Imed Helal Taieb Ben Abdallah Internal Medicine A Department Charles Nicolle Hospital Tunis Tunisia

The prevalence of hypertension in iterative hemodialysis (HD) remains high and was associated with a high morbidity and mortality. It was a single-center retrospective study including 124 pa-tients on chronic HD in our unit. The prevalence of hypertension was determined from blood pressure (BP) monitoring in beginning, middle and end of dialysis. We defined hypertension as systolic BP (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mmHg on at least two measures. We have established a comparative study between the group of hypertensive dialysis and those not hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension was 69.35% (86/124). The mean age was 57.15 years with a sex ratio of 1.2. Echocardiograms, performed in 64.5% of patients, showed a high prevalence of cardiac consequences of hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy in 80% of patients and an average ejection fraction of 62%. Diabetes, dialysis one session per week and the non-compliance with lifestyle and dietary rules were significantly associated with hypertension in HD in our study. The effect of HD on BP is dose-dependent. The reduction of BP allows a lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality in hypertensive patients.

关键词： Hemodialysis Blood Pressure Hypertension ultrafiltration Volume Expansion

Fouling mechanisms of the extract of traditional Chinese medicine in ultrafiltration

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Fouling mechanisms of the extract of traditional Chinese med...

Systematic analysis of α-glucosidase inhibitors from flavonoids of Radix scutellariae using ultrafiltration UPLC-UV-ESI-TripleTOF-MS/MS and system pharmacology

海峡两岸膜法水处理院士高峰论坛暨第六届全国医药行业膜分...

作者： LIU Hongbo ZhishuTang CUI Chunli SUN Chen ZHU Huaxu LI Bo GUO Liwei Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional Medicine Compound Separation Engineering Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine

The fouling mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） extract produced by ultrafiltration（UF） have been investigated.A laboratory scale crossflow membrane filtration unit was used to conduct the experimental study.The rejection of the four types of macromolecules present in TCM extract are more than 80%and the transmittances of the active ingredients are more than 70%.Two models were applied to quantify and analyze the fouling mechanism.A resistance-in-series model was applied to determine the main factor responsible for fouling resistance.The experimental results showed that reversible fouling resistance mechanisms,including concentration polarization and cake layer resistance,were the principal causes of the membrane fouling.A filtration-blocking model was also utilized to analyze the predominant fouling mechanism.The results showed that the flux decline during UF of the TCM extract could be well described by the combined cake-complete model.The model fit well to data measuring the permeate volume as a function of time under a wide range of operating conditions.This fit analysis indicatesthat the development of membrane fouling was a dynamic process that started with pore blocking at the initial stage of filtration and followed by continuous cake layer formation.

关键词： extract of traditional Chinese medicine ultrafiltration fouling mechanism resistance-in-series model blocking filtration model

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Systematic analysis of α-glucosidase inhibitors from flavon...

Concentration of Pumpkin Polysaccharides Using ultrafiltration under Ultrasonic Field and Electric Field

中国化学会第十二届全国天然有机化学学术会议

作者： Le Wang Nana Tan Wenbo Diwu Xiaoling Wang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBaoji University of Arts and Sciences

Natural α-glucosidase inhibitors present viable alternatives to the treatment of T2 D .The present study aimed at developing a systematic method to screen and explore the underlying biological mechanisms of α-glucosidase inhibitors from flavonoids of Radix scutellariae(RS),using ultrafiltration UPLC-UV-ESI-TripleTOF-MS/MS coupled with network pharmacology .As a result,32 flavonoids were identified from the n-butanol extract of RS.The n-butanol extract of RS showed a stronger α-glucosidase inhibition activity(IC=0.551 mg/mL).A total of 17 flavonoids exhibited protein binding activity with boving serum albumin(BSA),and that 13 of them were screened as α-glucosidase inhibitors,including Oroxylin A,Tenaxin I,and so on.A compound-target-pathway network was constructed.Degree analysis showed that chrysin,wogonin,and 5,8,2’-Trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone were the main active constituents for the α-glucosidase inhibition effect of RS.A pathway-based protein association network(Figure 1) was built for targets of the α-glucosidase inhibitors,and that MAPK3,MAPK1,and PIK3 R1 were considered as key targets with high centrality values(Figure 2).Moreover,a core network analysis revealed a potential synergistic effect between the three main active constituents.This study provides a novel strategy for the screening and mechanism research of natural products.

关键词： Radix scutellariae α-Glucosidase inhibitors ultrafiltration System pharmacology

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Concentration of Pumpkin Polysaccharides Using Ultrafiltrati...

The use of diuretics in acute heart failure: Evidence based therapy?

广东省生物物理学会2013年学术研讨会

作者： Bing Li Siyuan Liu Xiaoqin Fu Zhenbo Xu Jianyu Su Xiaoxi Li Ling Chen Lin Li College of Light Industry and Food Sciences South China University of Technology

Considered to be a major active component of pumpkin,pumpkin polysaccharides play a significant role in regulating blood sugar level and blood lipid level,as well as in anti-cancer effects.However,its extraction and purification still remain a challenge for further application of pumpkin polysaccharides.In this study,raw pumpkin polysaccharides were concentrated by ultrafiltration under the physical fields such as ultrasonic field and electric field.Under only ultrasonic field,the effect of ultrafiltration time,temperature,ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency on the membrane flux of pumpkin polysaccharides was investigated.When electric filed was applied,the electric power and pulse frequency mostly influenced the flux.The flux increased with the increasing of electric power,and it reached the maximum at the pulse frequency of 600 Hz.The flux was greatly improved while the combination of ultrasonic field and electric field was applied.In conclusion,extraneous physical fields had been demonstrated to significantly reduce membrane fouling degree and improve membrane flux recovery rate,thus may further offer a solution t

关键词： Pumpkin Pumpkin polysaccharides ultrafiltration electric field ultrasonic field

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2013年第2期3卷 25-34页

作者： Ali Vazir Martin R. Cowie Cardiology and Critical Care (HDU) Royal Brompton Hospital National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK Cardiology Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London London UK

The evidence base for the use of diuretics in acute heart failure is limited, with no large double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trials. However, their use as a first line treatment of acute heart failure is firmly established in clinical practice, and endorsed in clinical guidelines. Loop diuretics are typically the first line diuretic strategy for the treatment of acute heart failure. For patients with considerable fluid retention, there is some evidence that initial treatment with continuous infusion or boluses of high dose loop diuretic is superior to an initial lower dose strategy. In patients who are diuretic resistant, the addition of an oral thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic to induce sequential nephron blockade can be beneficial. Intravenous low-dose dopamine has also been used to assist diuresis and preserve renal function in such circumstances, but trials are underway to confirm the clinical value of this agent. Mechanical ultrafiltration has been used to treat patients with heart failure and fluid retention, but the evidence base is not secure, and its place in clinical practice is yet to be established.

关键词： Acute Heart Failure Diuretics Diuretic Resistance ultrafiltration

Influences of Natural Colloid in Seawater on the Growth of a Microalga

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2002年第2期9卷 131-135页

作者： ZHAO Xin huai,LI Tie jing (College of Food Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang,150030,PRC) College of Food Science Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang150030PRC

Colloid concentrates were obtained by employing a cross flow filtration system to ultrafiltrate seawater(which was pre filtrated by 0 45 μm acetate cellulose membrane) sucessively with three membranes.The retentions (colloid concentrates) and control sample(in which colloid was removed)were then inoculated with a microalga and cultivated in vitro.After continuously monitoring cell content during cultivation,it was found that colloid had an obvious beneficial effect on the growth of microalga.Although colloids with different sizes influenced microalga's growth in different extent and ways,a brief conclusion could be draw from experiments that colloid might be a potential nutrition source for microalga's growth.

关键词： colloid microalga seawater ultrafiltration