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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2017年第5期6卷 260-269页

作者： Mbokuyo Mosango Department of Botany Makerere University Kampala 7062 Uganda Laboratory of Natural Science Jean-Monnet French School Brussels 1180 Belgium

A phytosociological study of a weed community dominated by Hydrocotyle mannii and Centella asiatica was carried out in Kampala, the capital city of uganda.from 2000 to 2002. The Zurich-Montpellier School of Phytosociology method was used with special emphasis on floristic and synecological structure as well as on dynamic aspects. This community was found to grow on shady moist roadsides and is about 15 cm high. In total, 54 species were recorded; most of them are annual, anemochorous and widespread. The Hydrocotyle mannii and Centella asiatica community is described as a new weed association： Hydocotylo-Centelletum asiaticae Mosango ass. nova.. Hydrocotyle mannii, Centella asiatica, Dichondra repens and Sida veronicifolia have been recognized as the character species of this association. The Hydrocotylo-Centelletum is a pioneer association. It has been ascribed to the alliance Eleusinion indicae Leonard 1950 which includes plant communities growing on shady roadsides. In terms of ecological succession, it appears to be evolving to the Asystasia gangetica herbaceous fallow association which belongs to the alliance Panicion maximi. It belongs to the order Ruderali-Euphorbietalia Schmitz 1971 and the class Ruderali-Manihotetea Leonard in Taton 1949.

关键词： Hydrocotyle mannii and Centella asiatica community phytosociology ecology life forms dispersal chorology Kampala uganda.

Reverse Logistics Related to Waste Management with Emphasis on Developing CountriesmA Review Paper

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第9期1卷 1104-1118页

作者： Joel R. Kinobe Girma Gebresenbet Bjōm Vinneràs Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering School of Engineering College of Engineering Design Art and TechnologyKampala 7062 Uganda Department of Energy and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 7032 Sweden

This paper provides an overview of the state of art of reverse logistics and current status of waste management problems with special emphasis on developing countries. Logistics activities have been practiced and played a fundamental role in the global economic development for over 5,000 years. It has then been transformed into different logistics branches and elaborates the emergency of reverse logistics as one of the most important. The paper presents the evolution of logistics into reverse logistics and how it relates to waste management both in the developed and developing world. Reverse logistics is a relatively new phenomenon in the research area which is mainly referring to damaged goods, the take back of products that should be returned to the manufacturers or distributors. Reverse logistics is relatively more practiced in an organized way in the developed world than in the developing countries in that the latter provided less value additions on reversed products.

关键词： Logistics reverse logistics waste waste management recycling uganda.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight among Teenage Mothers in New Mulago Hospital： A Cross Sectional Study

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Journal of Health Science 2016年第4期4卷 192-199页

作者： Bayo Louis Buyungo Steven Nakiwala Margret Nabimba Ronald Luyinda Emmanuel Nsubuga Tadeo Imelda Namagembe Arabat Kasangaki Banura Cecily Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 7072 KampalaUganda Child Health and Development Centre School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 6717Kampala Uganda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 7072Kampala Uganda Department of Nursing School of Health Sciences Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 7072 Kampala Uganda Department of Dentistry School of Health Sciences Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 7072 KampalaUganda

The World Health Organization defines low birth weight （LBW） as a new born having a weight of less than 2,500 g at birth. Low birth weight is one of the major determinants of perinatal survival, infant morbidity and mortality as well as the risk of developmental disabilities and illnesses in future lives. WHO estimates that about 30 million low birth weight babies are born annually （23.4% of all births） and they often face short and long term health consequences. Whereas the global prevalence of LBW has slightly declined, the rate in many developing countries is still quite high. In uganda. low birth weight among teenage mothers is a problem. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and identify the factors associated with low birth weight among teenage mothers in New Mulago hospital. We conducted an analytical cross sectional study among teenage mothers who delivered from new Mulago Hospital Complex labour suite from August 2013 to August 2014. Trained interviewers, administered pre-tested questionnaires to consecutive mothers to obtain information on their socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history and child factors. Odds ratios and P-values were calculated to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. We also used descriptive statistics for the quantitative data. A total of 357 teenage mothers were enrolled on the study. Their mean age was 18 years （Range 13-19）, majority, 98.4% aged 15-19 years. The prevalence of LBW was 25.5%. Pre-term delivery （OR 3.3032, P = 0.0001） and multiple pregnancies （OR 0.165, P = 0.039） were associated with LBW. Malaria, young maternal age and ANC attendance were not associated with LBW. Child factors such as birth order, congenital anomalies and sex of the baby were also not associated with LBW. The prevalence of LBW is high among teenage mothers, pre-term delivery and multiple pregnancies were associated factors with LBW. Health professional＇s need to address teenage maternal health. Heal

关键词： Prevalence low birth weight teenage mothers Mulago uganda.

Evaluating the Impact of Adoption of Improved Maize Varieties on Yield in uganda. A Propensity Score Matching Approach

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第3期2卷 368-377页

作者： Margaret Nabasirye Barnabas Kiiza George Omiat Department of Agricultural Production Makerere University P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda Oepartment of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics Makerere University P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adopting improved maize varieties on crop yield in uganda.using propensity score matching （PSM） algorithms to control for hidden selection bias. The study employed cross-sectional household data collected in 2005/2006 by the uganda.Bureau of Statistics （UBOS） across the country. Data were divided into two parts; the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample （those that cultivated less than 5 acres or 2 Hectares of maize in 2004 and 2005）. Then estimation was made of the difference in yields between the adopters and non adopters, the average treatment effect on the treated （ATT） for the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample. Matching methods were used to control for hidden selection bias and the standardized bias measure was used to check for the quality of matching. The results indicate that adoption of improved maize seed had a robust positive and significant effect on yields obtained by farmers. The results were consistent for both the full and smallholder farmer sub-samples. Sensitivity analysis using Rosenbaum bounds indicated that the ATT results were fairly robust to hidden selection bias. That is, the results were not sensitive to unobserved selection bias. Therefore it is confidently asserted that the estimated average difference in maize yields between the adopters and non-adopters was due to the effect of planting improved maize seed.

关键词： Adoption impact evaluation improved maize seed propensity score matching uganda.

Countermeasures for and Experiences in Seismic Hazard Mitigation in uganda

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Earthquake Research in China 1999年第1期13卷 87-94页

作者： I.Tumwikirize uganda.National Seismological Network Geological Survey and Mines Department P.O. Box 9 Entebbe Uganda

For earthquake-prone countries of the world, it is crucial to develop countermeasures and to share experiences in seismic hazard mitigation. The measures for seismic hazard mitigation are related to many factors, e.g., social, economic, and political. Research focused on modern science and technology paves the way for a better understanding of the earthquake phenomenon and helps to plan against its effects in seismically active *** this paper, we consider some of the events that occurred in earthquake-prone countries, both developing and developed, which caused devastation to the society and economy. These are mainly major events that have affected a considerable portion of the gross domestic product of these *** to mitigate seismic hazard are stressed and suggested. In addition, experiences in seismic hazard mitigation in uganda.and the rest of the world are discussed in general terms. Attention is given to geotectonic settings as well as the work of seismic hazard and disaster

关键词： Countermeasures seismic hazard mitigation uganda.

Physical Effectiveness of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in Drought Prone Areas of Western and Central uganda

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2015年第8期5卷 523-529页

作者： Everline Komutunga Wilberforce Tushemereirwe Jerome Kubiriba Priver Namanya Kevin John Oramngye David Akodi Choice Agaba Elizabeth Ahumuza and Daphine Kamusingize National Agricultural Research Laboratories-Kawanda P.O. Box 7065 Kampala Uganda

The effect of soil and water conservation （SWC） practices on controlling surface runoff and soil loss was studied in drought prone banana growing areas of uganda. during the two major rainy seasons of 2014. The study was conducted at two sites-- Ntungamo （Southwest） and Sembabule （Central）, with comparable slopes of about 13%-25%. The treatments included mulch, manure, manure ＋ mulch and a control with no conservation. Results indicated that conservation practices of mulch and manure ＋ mulch significantly reduced surface runoff and soil loss by about 72%-85%, when compared to farmers＇ up-and-down cultivation practice （control）. It was also observed that significantly greater amounts of soil loss occurred from manure and control plots than the ones with mulch. Thus, the combination of manure and mulch is recommended for uptake by crop farmers in the study areas, if they are to overcome drought stress and adapt to changes in climate. More research is needed to quantify nutrient losses resulting from runoff under the different SWC techniques. Modeling such effects is essential in assessing the impacts of SWC practices on soil and crop productivity.

关键词： Runoff soil loss SWC drought area uganda.

Economic Evaluation of Grain Amaranth Production in Kamuli District, uganda

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第2期2卷 178-190页

作者： Roland Ainebyona Johnny Mugisha Norman Kwikiriza Dorothy Nakimbugwe Dorothy Masinde Richard Ombui Nyankanga Department of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Food Science and Technology Makerere University Kampala Uganda Volunteer Efforts for Development Concerns （VEDCO） Kampala Uganda Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection University of Nairobi NairobL Kenya

In uganda. grain amaranth is relatively new and has generally not been considered as an important crop compared to other grain crops and legumes. This study was therefore conducted to determine factors affecting adoption of grain amaranth growing, factors affecting production, and economic returns on investment of its production. The study was carried out in Kamuli district where a total of 174 grain amaranth farmers and 90 non-grain amaranth farmers were randomly selected and interviewed. Using descriptive statistics, regression analysis （logit model and a Cobb-Douglas type production function） and profitability ratios, it was found that grain amaranth is produced on a small scale and yields are low. Farmer adoption of the crop was favoured by age, gender （female）, education of the farmer, and source of income. The output was positively affected by the amount of labour and manure used in production, while a negative relationship existed between output and male farmers. The crop was most viable under small acreages （0.02-0.04 ha） with positive returns to investment of 0.016. Its production should therefore be encouraged because of its income generation potential and since it requires small land.

关键词： Adoption grain amaranth logit model return on investment uganda.

A Limited Dependent Variable Analysis of Integrated Pest Management Adoption in uganda

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第10期2卷 1162-1174页

作者： Jackline Bonabana-Wabbt Daniel Blaine Taylor Department of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24060USA

Integrated Pest Management （IPM） technologies can reduce pest damage to crops by emphasizing non-chemical control methods thereby reducing potential negative effects of chemicals on the environment while preserving profitability. This study investigates the adoption of eight IPM practices including intercropping, crop rotation, two improved varieties, incorporating a ＂striga chaser＂ in sorghum production, changing planting dates, altering planting density and fertilizer use. Explanatory variables include economic factors, social factors, management factors, and institutional factors. Results were consistent across logit and ordered logit analyses. Most factors affecting adoption across all crops and technologies are economic factors, including labor availability, technology resource requirements, technology complexity, and the level of expected benefits. Social factors are generally less associated with IPM technology adoption than either market or institutional factors. Results indicate that the evaluated technologies were scale-neutral and that farmer age and education level did not affect technology adoption.

关键词： IPM logit cumulative logit adoption uganda.

Evaluation of Control Strategies for Cymbopogon nardus in Grazing Areas of uganda

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第9期3卷 656-660页

作者： Gilbert Steven Byenkya Gadi Gumisinza Howard Kasigwa National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute Mbarara Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Entebbe Uganda

Cymbopogon nardus is an invasive grass weed in the grazing lands of uganda.affecting growth of desirable species and impeding movement of livestock. Farmers have for long used manual removal with a hand hoe to control the weed to allow growth of palatable species. In order to reduce on the drudgery associated with the hand hoe, a trial was set up to evaluate removal with a hand hoe, use of fire and spraying the weed with glyphosate herbicide to control Cymbopogon nardus. Eight treatments associated with the different control strategies were replicated on four sites in the land use system. Both manual removal with a hand hoe and spraying with glyphosate herbicide were effective in controlling Cymbopogon nardus with 95% and 92% kill of Cymbopogon tussocks, respectively. The differences between the two control methods were not significant. Plant species biodiversity recovery was faster in the manually controlled plots than in those sprayed with glyphosate, but the number of species was not significantly different. The frequency of occurrence of species was however significantly different with manually controlled plots registering a higher frequency of the species. Fire had no effect as a control strategy, but instead increased the number of tussocks, growth vigour of the re-growth, flowering and hence seed setting. After three seasons, no significant difference was observed in species biodiversity between manual and herbicide control. These results suggest that herbicides could effectively be used to control Cymbopogon nardus to cut on costs and avoid the drudgery normally associated with manual control.

关键词： Cymbopogon control fire glyphosate manual biodiversity uganda.

Constraints of Municipal Solid Waste Management： A Case Study of Mbarara Municipality

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2014年第1期3卷 15-18页

作者： Sam Gidudu Pheonah Kesiime Marion Katusiime William Wasswa William Edema Stephen Aeko Joseph Emuron John Martin Kewaza Aggrey Butoto Charles Okalebo Grace Rugunda Lejju Julius Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Medicine and Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Development Studies Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Computer Sciences Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Biology Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda

Despite the presence of bye-laws, solid waste management continues to be an issue in Mbarara municipality with households and businesses continuing to dump solid waste on open plots, low-lying areas, public spaces and rivers, or simply burning it in their backyards. This qualitative study aimed at establishing reasons as to why there was still improper solid waste management in Mbarara municipality and also establishing its constraints. Tools used included semi-structured questionnaires, observation and photographs. Two hundred and ninety-four participants （24 solid waste collectors, eight municipal council members and 262 community members） participated in the study. The study revealed both insufficient budget （87.5%） and insufficient equipment （50%） as the most common policy challenges in implementing proper solid waste management. Solid waste collectors not being comfortable with their salaries （79.2%）, limited sensitization regarding solid waste management （66%） and limited necessary tools （58.3%） as other challenges faced by solid waste management policy makers and implementers and finally, community members having limited awareness about laws governing solid waste management （61.1%）. In conclusion, insufficient budget, insufficient equipment, poor motivation and inadequate sensitization were found to be the major reasons as to why there was still improper solid waste management in Mbarara municipality, western uganda.

关键词： Solid waste management Mbarara municipality uganda.