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A Reliable Stochastic Numerical Analysis for typhoid fever Incorporating With Protection Against Infection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2019年第6期59卷 787-804页

作者： Muhammad Shoaib Arif Ali Raza Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Rabia Fayyaz Mehvish Naz Umer Javed Department of Mathematics Air UniversityPAF Complex E-9Islamabad44000Pakistan Faculty of Engineering University of Central PunjabLahore54500Pakistan Department of Mathematics Comsats UniversityChak Shahzad CampusIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Comsats UniversityWah Campus47040IslambadPakistan

In this paper,a reliable stochastic numerical analysis for typhoid fever incorporating with protection against infection has been *** have compared the solutions of stochastic and deterministic typhoid fever *** has been shown that the stochastic typhoid fever model is more realistic as compared to the deterministic typhoid fever *** effect of threshold number T*hold in stochastic typhoid fever *** proposed framework of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme(SNSFD)preserves all dynamical properties like positivity,bounded-ness and dynamical consistency defined by Mickens,*** stochastic numerical simulation of the model showed that increase in protection leads to low disease prevalence in a population.

关键词： typhoid fever stochastic differential equations euler maruyama scheme stochastic euler scheme stochastic runge-kutta scheme stochastic NSFD scheme

Outcome of surgical treatment of intestinal perforation in typhoid fever

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第33期16卷 4164-4168页

作者： Aziz Sümer zgür Kemik Ahmet Cumhur Dülger Aydemir Olmez Ismail Hasirci Erol Kisli Vedat Bayrak Gulay Bulut etin Kotan Department of General Surgery Medical FacultyUniversity of YüzüncüY1l Department of Gastroenterology Medical FacultyUniversity of YüzüncüY1l Department of Pathology Medical FacultyUniversity of YüzüncüY1l

AIM:To represent our clinical experience in the treatment of intestinal perforation arising from typhoid ***:The records of 22 surgically-treated patients with typhoid intestinal perforation were evaluated ***:There were 18 males and 4 females,mean age 37 years(range,8-64 years).Presenting symptoms were fever,abdominal pain,diarrhea or *** cases were subjected to segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis,while 3 cases received 2-layered primary repair following debridement,one case with multiple perforations received 2-layered primary repair and end ileostomy,one case received segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis followed by an end ileostomy,and one case received segmental resection and end ileostomy with mucous fistula *** morbidity was seen in 5 cases and mortality was found in one ***:Intestinal perforation resulting from Salmonella typhi is an important health problem in Eastern and Southeastern *** management of this illness,early and appropriate surgical intervention is vital.

关键词： Intestinal perforation typhoid fever Treat- ment

typhoid intestinal perforation in developing countries: Still unavoidable deaths?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 1925-1931页

作者： Sandro Contini Department of Surgical Sciences University of Parma43123 ParmaItaly

typhoid fever is a public health challenge mostly concentrated in impoverished, overcrowded areas of the developing world, with lack of safe drinking and sanitation. The most serious complication is typhoid intestinal perforation(TIP), observed in 0.8% to 39%, with a striking rate difference between high-income and low-middle-income countries. Although the mortality rate consequent to TIP in resource-poor countries is improved in the last decades, it is still fluctuating from 5% to 80%, due to surgical-and not surgical-related constraints. Huge economic costs and long timelines are required to provide a short-to middle-term solution to the lack of safe water and sanitation. Inherent limitations of the currently available diagnostic tools may lead to under-evaluation as well as over-evaluation of the disease, with consequent delayed treatment or inappropriate, excessive antibiotic use, hence increasing the likelihood of bacterial resistance. There is a need for immunization programs in populations at greatest risk, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Uniform surgical strategies and guidelines, on the basis of sound or prospective surgical studies and adapted to the local realities, are still lacking. Major drawbacks of the surgical treatment are the frequent delays to surgery, either for late diagnosis or for difficult transports, and the unavailable appropriate intensive care units in most peripheral facilities. As a consequence, poor patient's conditions at presentation, severe peritoneal contamination and unsuitable postoperative care are the foremost determinant of surgical morbidity and mortality.

关键词： typhoid bacterial resistance typhoid fever typhoid intestinal perforation Developing countries Low-Middle-Income Countries Postoperative care typhoid vaccination

Antioxidant activity of dichloromethane fraction of Dichrocephala integrifolia in Salmonella typhi-infected rats

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第6期17卷 438-445页

作者： Gaetan Olivier Fankem Michel Archange Fokam Tagne Paul Aime Noubissi Angèle Foyet Fondjo Idrice Kamtchouing Adela Ngwewondo Henri Wambe Joseph Ngakou Mukam Rene Kamgang Animal Physiology Laboratory Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéI237Cameroon Department of Biological Science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Ngaoundéré237Cameroon Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Buea237Cameroon Department of Applied Sciences for Health Higher Institute of Applied SciencesUniversity Institute of Gulf of Guinea237Cameroon Laboratory of Endocrinology and Radioisotopes Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies(IMPM)Yaoundé237Cameroon Department of Biological Science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Dschang237Cameroon

Objective: Infectious diseases such as typhoid fever lead to the formation of free radicals which can damage the body. Many medicinal plants have antioxidant molecules that neutralize free radicals. The present work evaluated the antioxidant activity and histopathological effects of the dichloromethane fraction of Dichrocephala integrifolia in Salmonella typhi-infected ***: The S. typhi-infected rats concurrently received daily doses of D. integrifolia extract at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight or ciprofloxacin(5 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days. Body temperature was measured daily during infection and treatment periods. At the end of treatment period, the animals were sacrificed and biological responses including hematological parameters, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and glutathione, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations were ***: The elevated body temperature induced by infection was significantly decreased in animals treated with 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg of the extract. Platelet levels decreased slightly in infected rats, while treatment with the dichloromethane fraction of D. integrifolia significantly increased platelet levels;this response was greater than that elicited by ciprofloxacin. The doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of the dichloromethane fraction of D. integrifolia notably decreased monocyte and neutrophil values. Activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and levels of glutathione in the tissues of treated animals were increased significantly(P < 0.01), while malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were significantly decreased(P < 0.01), following treatment with the dichloromethane fraction of D. ***: The results of this study show that the dichloromethane fraction of D. integrifolia has protective effects against a series of pathological conditions initiated by oxidation and tissue damage in the course of a S. typhi infection.

关键词： typhoid fever Salmonella typhi Dichrocephala integrifolia Antioxidant stress Hematology

Isolation of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) <i>Salmonella typhi</i>from Blood Samples of Patients Attending Tertiary Medical Centre in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第9期11卷 488-498页

作者： Oshin Ghurnee Amit Kumar Ghosh Maruf Abony Shahrin Akhter Aurin Aneeka Nawar Fatema Avijit Banik Zakaria Ahmed Department of Microbiology Primeasia University Dhaka Bangladesh Microbiology Department Technology Wing Bangladesh Jute Research Institute Dhaka Bangladesh

Objective: Almost all year round occurrence of typhoid fever remains a major public health issue in Bangladesh. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of multi-drug resistance Salmonella typhi in Dhaka city. The major objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of multi-drug and Extended drug-resistant patterns of typhoidal Salmonella typhi among the patients attending a tertiary medical center by conventional culture and serologic test. Materials and Methods: Blood was collected by syringe and equally divided between aerobic & anaerobic BacT Alert bottle, 10 mL for paediatrics. Post isolation Salmonella strains were identified and were tested for antibiotic resistance. Results: A total of 600 blood samples of typhoid suspected patients were tested, where 32.5% came out positive, which were identified as Salmonella typhi. These isolates were susceptible to carbapenem drugs but highly resistant to Fluoroquinolones and Aminoglycosides antibiotics. Discussion: It was seen that 73.23% of isolates among male patients were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) meaning that isolates were sensitive against only one or two antibiotics while in the female it was 58.46%. Isolates from Female patients showed higher multi-drug resistant (MDR) (26.15%) isolates resistance to multiple antibiotics in comparison to isolates from the male (16.54%). 87.19% of the strains showed high drug resistance (XDR and MDR). Conclusion: The emergence of XDR and MDR strains of S. typhi in recent years is becoming a significant threat. Although no PAN-Drug resistance (resistant against all tested drugs) was observed in the current study, a high level of XDR and MDR isolates are indicating that the scenario might take place sooner than later.

关键词： MDR XDR S. typhi Blood Samples typhoid fever Bangladesh