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Current understandings of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes:Genetics to environment

World Journal of diabetes 2020年第1期11卷 13-25页

作者： Adebola Matthew Giwa Rizwan Ahmed Zahra Omidian Neha Majety Kagan Ege Karakus Sarah M Omer Thomas Donner Abdel Rahim A Hamad Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins Medical CenterBaltimoreMD 21287United States Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins Medical CenterBaltimoreMD 21205United States School of Medicine Koc UniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205United States

type 1 diabetes(T1D)is an autoimmune disease that usually strikes early in life,but can affect individuals at almost any *** is caused by autoreactive T cells that destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the *** studies estimate a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States with an increasing incidence of 2%-5%annually *** daily responsibility,clinical management,and vigilance required to maintain blood sugar levels within normal range and avoid acute complications(hypoglycemic episodes and diabetic ketoacidosis)and long term micro-and macro-vascular complications significantly affects quality of life and public health care *** the expansive impact of T1D,research work has accelerated and T1D has been intensively investigated with the focus to better understand,manage and cure this *** advances have been made in the past decades in this regard,but key questions remain as to why certain people develop T1D,but not others,with the glaring example of discordant disease incidence among monozygotic *** this review,we discuss the field’s current understanding of its pathophysiology and the role of genetics and environment on the development of *** examine the potential implications of these findings with an emphasis on T1D inheritance patterns,twin studies,and disease *** a better understanding of this process,interventions can be developed to prevent or halt it at early stages.

关键词： type 1 diabetes genetics type 1 diabetes epigenetics Role of genetics in type 1 diabetes diabetes prevention type 1 diabetes environment type 1 diabetes twin studies type 1 diabetes concordance type 1 diabetes discordance

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