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The Sendai Framework for Disaster risk Reduction at Five:Lessons from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2020年第2期11卷 167-178页

作者： Elizabeth Maly Anawat Suppasri International Research Institute of Disaster Science Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579.Japan

The Sendai Framework for Disaster risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) represents an inclusive approach to disaster risk reduction, linked to development and recovery. Building on previous international guidelines, the SFDRR promotes practical and measurable outcomes for reducing disaster losses, including indicators to measure progress towards seven specific global targets.Evaluated in the context of the priorities and global targets of the SFDRR, the article considers the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami of 2011 to illustrate advances and limitations in pre-disaster tsunami hazard engineering and post-disaster recovery. With respect to the targets set out in the Sendai Framework related to risk reduction and tsunami engineering, especially Priority 1,understanding disaster risk, there have been significant advances in hazard assessment and systems for tsunami detection and warning. Although the SFDRR emphasizes actions in the recovery phase through Priority 4, enhancing disaster preparedness with an emphasis on the concept of build back better, on its own this does not function as a clear directive for guiding recovery. However, the overall people-centered and inclusive approach of the SFDRR, as well as the global targets and several sub-priorities, can be a useful way to shape good practices in recovery and evaluate recovery progress.

关键词： Build back better Disaster recovery Great East Japan Earthquake Sendai Framework tsunami risk

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risk Assessment of tsunamis Along the Chinese Coast Due to Earthquakes

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 275-290页

作者： Chun Hui Lixin Ning Changxiu Cheng Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China National Tibetan Plateau Data Center Beijing 100101China

China’s coastal areas are densely populated,economically developed, and located in close proximity to several potential tsunami sources;therefore, tsunami risk cannot be ignored. This study assessed tsunami risk in coastal areas of China by developing a framework for tsunami risk assessment from the perspectives of hazards,vulnerability, and exposure. First, a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment(PTHA) model was applied to estimate the potential tsunami sources in both local crustal faults and circum-Pacific subduction zones based on numerical simulations. The output of the PTHA includes tsunami wave height distributions along the coast. Then, an indicator system reflecting exposure and vulnerability to tsunamis in the coastal areas of China was established by using the entropy method and analytic hierarchy process.The PTHA findings show that the tsunami wave height is close to 3 m on the southern coast of the Bohai Sea, the Pearl River Estuary, and the Yangtze River Delta and exceeds 2 m near the Taiwan Strait for the 2000-year return period. The results of the tsunami risk assessment show that the cities at the highest risk level(level I) include Tangshan, Yantai, and Hong Kong, while cities at the high risk level(level II) include Fuzhou, Xiamen, and Quanzhou near the Taiwan Strait and many cities on the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Estuary, and the southern coast of the Bohai Sea. Our findings can provide an understanding of differences in tsunami risk between Chinese coastal cities that may be affected by tsunamis in the future.

关键词： China coast Earthquakes Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment tsunami exposure tsunami risk Vulnerability

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