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Naturally occurring trichogramma species in olive farms in Egypt

Insect Science 2005年第3期12卷 185-192页

作者： ESMATMOHAMEDHEGAZI ANNETTEHERZ SHERIFHASSAN ESSAMAGAMY WEDADKHAFAGI SANIASHWEIL AHMEDZAITUN SAFAAMOSTAFA MOHAMEDHAFEZ AHMEDEL-SHAZLY SOMAIAEL-SAID LAMIAABO-ABDALA NOHAKHAMIS SAMIAEL-KEMNY Faculty of Agriculture Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt Institute for Bological.Control DarmstadtGermany Faculty of Agriculture Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt Plant Protecion Research Institute SabahiaAlexandriaEgypt Central Laboratory of Pestcide CairoEgypt

A survey of two-year studies (2001-2003) was carried out in two olive groves sited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg E1-Arab farm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic trichogramma species on olive moth (Prays oleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a more practical and effective tool for collecting trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Four naturally occurring trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olive groves, where releases have never been conducted. T.bourarachae was collected exclusively from Burg El-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species, namely T. cordubensis, T. nr.pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. All of these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even at unfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occur naturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels.The excessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) are some factors that affect the performance of trichogramma wasps in olive farms.The presence of warm weather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or swains which may be appropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is required to determine the best “habitat-specific” species/strains of trichogramma for augmentative release of naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs. Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather and insecticides.The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred and emerged parasitoids were listed.

关键词：埃及橄榄鳞翅目害虫 trichogramma 卵捕食者生活史寄生性昆虫

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M-PCR： a powerful method for rapid molecular identification of trichogramma wasps （Hymenoptera： trichogrammatidae）

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Insect Science 2005年第2期12卷 77-85页

作者： XIANG-LIDANG SHUO-YANGWEN XIAO-FANGHE XIONG-FEIPANG LaboratoryofGeneDiversity DepartmentofEntomologySouthChinaAgriculturalUniversityGuangzhouChina

Two species-specific primers were designed depending on ITS2 sequence variation of 37 trichogramma wasps, and these primers were applied to establish an assay,multiplex PCR (M-PCR), for molecular diagnosis of two important trichogramma wasps,T. confusum and T. dendrolimi, in China. Multiplex-PCR results showed that only target species produced two PCR products, one product of ITS2 region species-specific amplification and one product of its ITS 1 region universal amplification, but other species produced only one ITS1 universal PCR product. Using this method, the target trichogramma species can be distinguished from other trichogramma species. Molecular identification based on M-PCR has particular value over morphological technology and other approaches, such as normal molecular and biochemical methods. Furthermore, because M-PCR assay can avoid false negative results, which frequently happen in PCR reaction, this method will be much more accurate and useful for trichogramma identification, and can be developed as an easy and rapid diagnostic kit applied in the identification and quality monitoring of trichogramma mass products both in the factory and in the field. Such an easy and rapid diagnostic kit will be valuable in the application of trichogramma species as a biological control.

关键词：膜翅目纹翅卵蜂科分子鉴定 PCR trichogramma

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Quality assessment of local trichogramma species (Hymenoptera, Tri- chogrammatidae) to control the olive moth Prays oleae Bern. (Lepidop- tera, Yponomeutidae)

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环境昆虫学报 2011年第4期33卷 429-435页

作者： Imen Blibech Unity of Plant Protection and Environment Olive Tree Institute

Assessment of quality of biological control agents is an important step for the success of any biocontrol program.Experiments were carried out to select candidate trichogramma species for use in biological control of the olive moth Prays oleae Bern(Lepidoptera,Yponomeutidae).Thirteen local strains were preselected on the basis of the geographical origin and the availability from mass production of the rearing host Ephestia kuehniella ZELL.(Lepidoptera,Pyralidae) under laboratory conditions.Selection tests were focusing on acceptance and preference for P.oleae eggs.In the acceptance test,a single parasitoid female was offered P.oleae eggs on "tricho-card" for 6 hours at 25°C,70% HR and L16:D9 and assessed for parasitism after 6 days.The preference was determined by offering the choice and observing contacts with eggs of the target pest P.oleae and eggs of the host E.kuehniella.Parasitism was therefore assessed 6 days after the experiment under similar laboratory conditions.In host acceptance test,most eggs of P.oleae were parasited by strains belonging to the species T.oleae,T.bourarachae and T.cacoeciae.These strains also showed a high number of contacts with olive moth eggs in preference tests.However,a small number of T.bourarachae observed ovipositions resulted in successful parasitism.Therefore,T.oleae and T.cacoeciae were selected as candidates for further experiments.

关键词： Biological control trichogramma Prays oleae Ephestia kuehniella preference tests

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Effect of Insecticides on trichogrammaParasitoids Used in Biological Control against Prays oleaeInsect Pest

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2015年第3期5卷 362-372页

作者： Imen Blibech Mohieddine Ksantini Taieb Jardak Mohamed Bouaziz Laboratory of Genetic Resources Improvement and Protection of Olive Tree Olive Tree Institute Sfax Tunisia Electrochemistry and Environment Laboratory National School of Engineers of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

This study investigated the direct effect of the insecticides deltamethrin and spinosad on three egg parasitoids species: trichogramma oleae, T. cacoeciae and T. bourarachae. The parasitoid pupae were exposed to pesticide residues on fresh olive tree leaves at recommended concentrations (RC) at different time intervals: 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after pesticide applications. Parasitism viability (% emergence from parasitized eggs) and adult emergence time (developmental time from pupa to adult emergence) were evaluated. Regarding to the International Organization of Biological Control (IOBC) guidelines, results of toxicity effects of insecticides show that: Deltamethrin was moderately harmful to all trichogramma species at RC (Decis®100 milliliters·ha−1), however, spinosad was harmless to moderately harmful at RC (Tracer®20 milliliters·ha−1). trichogramma species revealed differences with regard to adult emergence time and exhibited significant changes in parasitism viability with increasing time after pesticide treatment. While deltamethrin residues affected parasitism viability 31 days after the product application, spinosad displayed similar viability for almost species 24 days after the application. The usefulness of trichogramma parasitoids used as biological control agents, in olive tree ecosystem, was discussed in integrated pest management programs for Prays oleae control when parasitoid species were exposed during pupal stage to the insecticide residue.

关键词： Insecticide Effect trichogramma Species Olive Tree Parasitism Viability Emergence Time

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Assessment of Two trichogrammaSpecies with Bacillus thuringiensisvar. krustaki for the Control of the Tomato Leafminer Tuta absolutaMeyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Iran

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Open Journal of Ecology 2017年第2期7卷 112-124页

作者： Ghazwan Alsaedi Ahmad Ashouri Reza Talaei-Hassanloui Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran

In this study, we investigated the efficiency of T. brassicae and T. embryophagum in combination with bacterial suspension of B. thuringiensis against the tomato leafminer T. absoluta eggs in cage inside greenhouse (semi field) experiments. Four treatments were used (T. brassicae or T. embryophagum + T. absoluta) (T1), (B. thuringiensis + T. absoluta) (T2), (T. brassicae or T. embryophagum + B. thuringiensis + T. absoluta) (T3) and control (T4). The lowest number of T. absoluta mines (6.1, 0.5 mine per plant) were recorded in T3 for T. brassicae and T. embryophagum were significantly lower than those of all other treatments which were followed by T1 and T2, while the highest number of mines per plant (50.70) were recorded in control (T4). In addition, the parasitism rate, adults’ emergence, the number of females and adult longevity of two parasitoids were investigated. According to the obtained results, the highest parasitism rate was obtained for T. embryophagum when treated with Bt reared in the T. absoluta eggs (31.18%). However, no significant differences were detected between T. brassicae and T. embryophagum in mortality and adult emergence rates were found when they were treated with/ without Bt reared in the T. absoluta eggs in cage inside greenhouse. Also, the longevity of T. embryophagum was significantly better than T. brassicae p = 0.000. This is the first study to investigate T. embryophagum in cage inside greenhouse for parasitizing the eggs of T. absoluta and results of present study suggested that T. embryophagum with Bt could be more efficient for biocontrol of T. absoluta.

关键词： Tuta absoluta Natural Enemies trichogramma brassicae trichogramma embryophagum Biological Characteristics Bacillus thuringiensis Semi Field

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Infection of Wolbachia in trichogramma cacoeciae

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第6期2卷 634-638页

作者： WANG Wei-hua, GONG Peng and SHEN Zuo-rui(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology , China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094 , P. R. China) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P. R. China

Wolbachia is a symbiotic bacterium that alters reproductive behavior of numerous arthropods. It is the most advanced way to study phytogeny and classification based on sequences of the wsp gene. The presence of Wolbachia in a lab strain of the thelytokous trichogramma cacoeciae was firstly identified based on amplification and sequencing part of the wsp gene. Aligned the resulting sequence with the published ones, the phylogenetic relationships among Wolbachia which was found in T. cacoeciae, T. dendrolimi and other insects were established. The Wolbachia that found in T. cacoeciae and in T. dendrolimi belong to the Kue group and the Pip group, respectively.

关键词： Wolbachia trichogramma wsp gene Phylogeny

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The Utility of Specific Markers Based on ITS2 Sequences for Molecular Identification and Detection of trichogramma spp.

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第9期1卷 998-1005页

作者： LI Zheng-xi and SHEN Zuo-rui(Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094 , P.R.China) Department of Entomology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P. R . China

The technology based on specific PCR amplification using internal transcribed spacer 2 of nuclear ribosomal DNA for molecular identification and detection of trichogramma species was studied. Firstly the ITS2s of six trichogramma species were cloned and sequenced, and the interspecific sequence variation was analyzed. Secondly the ITS2 regions of six geographical populations of T. dendrolimi were cloned and sequenced, and the intraspecific sequence identity was analyzed. The results show that the interspecific variation and intraspecific similarity of ITS2 sequences are very suitable for designation of specific primers at species-level. Screening of specific primers for T. dendrolimi leads to final sensitive and stable diagnostic primers. This system lets non-specialists can not only identify adults (males and females), but also identify eggs in parasitized hosts rapidly and accurately, which is impossible by conventional methods. Further development of this protocol can create a complete set of specific primers for different species of the whole genus trichogramma .

关键词： Specific marker ITS2-rDNA Molecular identification trichogramma

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中国的赤眼蜂属trichogramma记述

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昆虫学报 1974年第4期17卷 441-454页

作者：庞雄飞陈泰鲁广东农林学院中国科学院北京动物研究所

在赤眼蜂的应用上,选择良好的蜂种,是一个重要的问题。我们根据现有材料整理,主要依据雄性外生殖器的形态特征,重新描述了我国已有记载的四个种:广赤眼蜂trichogramma evanescens Westwood,澳洲赤眼蜂T.australicum Giraulf,松毛虫赤眼... 详细信息

在赤眼蜂的应用上,选择良好的蜂种,是一个重要的问题。我们根据现有材料整理,主要依据雄性外生殖器的形态特征,重新描述了我国已有记载的四个种:广赤眼蜂trichogramma evanescens Westwood,澳洲赤眼蜂T.australicum Giraulf,松毛虫赤眼蜂T.dendrolimi Matsumura,稻螟赤眼蜂T.japonicum Ashmead;记述了我国分布新纪录的两个种:暗黑赤眼蜂T.euproctidis(Giraut),微突赤眼蜂T.raoi Nagaraja;和描述了六个新种:舟蛾赤眼蜂T.closterae sp.nov.,凤蝶赤眼蜂T.sericini sp.nov.,毒蛾赤眼蜂T.ivelae sp.nov.,舌突赤眼蜂T.lingulatum sp.nov.,玉米螟赤眼蜂T.ostriniae sp.nov.,粘虫赤眼蜂T.leucaniae sp.nov.并附检索表以供应用。

关键词：赤眼蜂属臀角缘毛内突阳茎侧缘纹翅卵蜂科 trichogramma 澳洲赤眼蜂稻螟赤眼蜂中突中华人民共和国

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赤眼蜂属trichogramma Westwood的触角和前翅特征的补充描述

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华南农业大学学报 1985年第1期 25-32页

作者：王野岸黄静玲庞雄飞广东省昆虫研究所华南农业大学

本文补充描述赤眼蜂属的触角和前翅的形态特征。在赤眼蜂属雌性触角中,过去一般描述为由6节组成,即柄节1节、梗节1节、环状节1节、索节2节、锤节1节。通过电镜观察,认为应有2个环状节,称为第1环状节及第2环状节,第2环状节楔形,与第1索... 详细信息

本文补充描述赤眼蜂属的触角和前翅的形态特征。在赤眼蜂属雌性触角中,过去一般描述为由6节组成,即柄节1节、梗节1节、环状节1节、索节2节、锤节1节。通过电镜观察,认为应有2个环状节,称为第1环状节及第2环状节,第2环状节楔形,与第1索节基部紧密相连。在赤眼蜂属雄性触角中,过去一般描述为由4节组成,即柄节1节、梗节1节、环状节1节、棒节1节,其棒节由相应于雌性触角的两索节及锤节愈合而成。通过电镜观察,认为亦存在第2环状节。第2环状节更紧密地镶入第1索节的基部,仅在外侧面观才易于发现。同时,相当于雌性触角的第1索节及第2索节的位置上,在腹面及两侧可见第1索片及第2索片。这两索片显示雄性触角棒节的不完全分节,同样显示雄性触角与雌性触角在形态结构上的联系。本文同时重新描述前翅上的翅脉于前翅表面及底面的毛列,并给予相应的名称。触角及前翅毛列的补充描述可能有助于该属的分类及种间区别的进一步研究。

关键词：环状节 trichogramma 赤眼蜂属棒节索节前翅柄节坛形感器梗节松毛虫赤眼蜂

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提高赤眼蜂(trichogramma)防除农业害虫效率的方法

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昆虫学报 1954年第4期 447-458页

作者： М.Ф.柯瓦列娃刘崇乐关汉光乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国农业部

赤眼蜂能消灭农作物中许多主要害虫的卵,对於防除各种夜蛾是最有效的。赤眼蜂寄生在害虫卵中,就这样完全防止了农作物的损失,并且它随着农田受虫害程度的增长,有提高它的活动力的特性。农田上害虫卵的密度愈高,也就是害虫的危险性愈大,... 详细信息

赤眼蜂能消灭农作物中许多主要害虫的卵,对於防除各种夜蛾是最有效的。赤眼蜂寄生在害虫卵中,就这样完全防止了农作物的损失,并且它随着农田受虫害程度的增长,有提高它的活动力的特性。农田上害虫卵的密度愈高,也就是害虫的危险性愈大,赤眼蜂使害虫卵被寄生的百分数愈高,消灭害虫的力量愈强。

关键词：赤眼蜂夜蛾寄主母本亲本 trichogramma 休耕地

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