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Laminae combination and shale oil enrichment patterns of Chang 73 sub-member organic-rich shales in the triassic yanchang formation, Ordos Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第6期47卷 1342-1353页

作者： XI Kelai LI Ke CAO Yingchang LIN Miruo NIU Xiaobing ZHU Rukai WEI Xinzhuo YOU Yuan LIANG Xiaowei FENG Shengbin Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710065China PertroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China

The Chang 73 sub-member of triassic yanchang formation in the Ordos Basin was taken as an example and the lamina types and combinations,reservoir space features and shale oil enrichment patterns in organic-rich shale strata were investigated using core observation,thin section analysis,XRF element measurement,XRD analysis,SEM,high solution laser Raman spectroscopy analysis,and micro-FTIR spectroscopy analysis,*** to the mineral composition and thickness of the laminae,the Chang 73 organic-rich shales have four major types of laminae,tuff-rich lamina,organic-rich lamina,silt-grade feldspar-quartz lamina and clay *** have two kinds of shale oil-bearing layers,"organic-rich lamina+silt-grade feldspar-quartz lamina"and"organic-rich lamina+tuff-rich lamina"*** the"organic-rich+silt-grade feldspar-quartz"laminae combination shale strata,oil was characterized by relative high maturation,and always filled in K-feldspar dissolution pores in the silt-grade feldspar-quartz laminae,forming oil generation,migration and accumulation process between laminae inside the organic *** the"organic-rich+tuff-rich lamina"binary laminae combination shale strata,however,the reservoir properties were poor in organic-rich shales,the oil maturation was relatively lower,and mainly accumulated in the intergranular pores of interbedded thin-layered *** oil generation,migration and accumulation mainly occurred between organic-rich shales and interbedded thin-layered sandstones.

关键词： organic-rich shale laminae combination oil enrichment patterns shale oil triassic yanchang formation Ordos Basin

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Distribution of shallow water delta sand bodies and the genesis of thick layer sand bodies of the triassic yanchang formation, Longdong Area, Ordos Basin

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第1期48卷 123-135页

作者： LIU Hanlin QIU Zhen XU Liming WANG Fengqin TONG Qiang LIN Jiahao YIN Shuai WANG Wenqiang PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710021China College of Geosciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics/Department of Geology Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China No.3 Gas Production Plant PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyWushenqi 017300China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China

Based on the cores from 47 wells and logging data of 130 wells,the main types of sand bodies in the shallow water delta of the Chang 8_(2) sub-member in the triassic yanchang formation,Longdong Area,Ordos Basin were comprehensively analyzed,the distribution characteristics of sand bodies more than 20 m thick were identified,and the genetic types of the thick sand bodies were sorted *** this region,thick-bed sand bodies can be divided into two types according to the shape and position:type 1 is the sand body in wide strip and is distributed between the average high water mark and the average low water mark;type 2 is distributed on both sides of the average low water mark and is in irregular lump *** on the principle of the volume distribution of sediments and the change rule of accommodation space,the genetic models of two types of thick-bed sand bodies in the Chang 8_(2) sub-member are superimposed distributary channel sand bodies in high accommodation space and superimposed composite sand bodies in low accommodation space.

关键词： Ordos Basin Longdong area shallow delta sand body distribution sand body genetic type triassic yanchang formation Chang 8_(2)sub-member

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Sedimentary characteristics and model of gravity flow channel-lobe complex in a depression lake basin:A case study of Chang 7 Member of triassic yanchang formation in southwestern Ordos Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第6期49卷 1323-1338页

作者： LYU Qiqi FU Jinhua LUO Shunshe LI Shixiang ZHOU Xinping PU Yuxin YAN Hongguo School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability Oil&Gas Fields Xi’an 710018China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Branch Company Ltd. PetroChinaXi’an 710018China

To reveal the development characteristics and distribution of gravity flow sedimentary system under micro-paleogeomorphologic units of the Chang 7 Member of triassic yanchang formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin,on the basis of the restoration of the paleogeomorphological form of the Chang 7 depositional period by the impression method,each micro-paleogeomorphologic unit was depicted in-depth,and the characteristics and development models of gravity flow deposits in the study area were studied in combination with outcrop,core,mud logging and log *** results show that:(1)The paleogeomorphology in the Chang 7 depositional period was an asymmetrical depression,wide and gentle in the northeast and steep and narrow in the *** sub-paleogeomorphologic units were developed in the basin,including gentle paleo-slope,paleo-slope and paleo-depression,and they can be further subdivided into eight micro-paleogeomorphologic units:bulge,groove,slope break belt,plain of lake bottom,deep depression of lake bottom,paleo-channel,paleo-ridge of lake bottom,and paleo-uplift of lake bottom.(2)There are 9 types of lithofacies and 4 types of lithofacies assemblages of Chang 7 *** to lithofacies composition and lithofacies vertical combination,the gravity flow deposit is further divided into 5 types of microfacies:restricted channel,unrestricted channel,natural levee,inter-channel,lobe.(3)Paleogeomorphology plays an important role in controlling sediment source direction,type and spatial distribution of sedimentary microfacies,genetic types and distribution of sand bodies in Chang 7 Member.

关键词： gravity flow deposit slope break belt paleogeomorphology channel-lobe complex triassic yanchang formation Ordos Basin depression lake basin

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Characteristics and exploration targets of Chang 7 shale oil in triassic yanchang formation, Ordos Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第4期50卷 878-893页

作者： GUO Qiheng LI Shixiang JIN Zhenkui ZHOU Xinping LIU Chenglin College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi’an 710018China

The geological characteristics and enrichment laws of the shale oil in the third submember of the seventh member of triassic yanchang formation(Chang 7_(3)) in the Ordos Basin were analyzed by using the information of core observations, experiments and logging, and then the exploration potential and orientation of the Chang 7_(3) shale oil were discussed. The research findings are obtained in three aspects. First, two types of shale oil, i.e. migratory-retained and retained, are recognized in Chang 7_(3). The former is slightly better than the latter in quality. The migratory-retained shale oil reservoir is featured with the frequent interbedding and overlapping of silty-sandy laminae caused by sandy debris flow and low-density turbidity current and semi-deep-deep lacustrine organic-rich shale laminae. The retained shale oil reservoir is composed of black shale with frequent occurrence of bedding and micro-laminae. Second, high-quality source rocks provide a large quantity of hydrocarbon-rich high-quality fluids with high potential energy. The source-reservoir pressure difference provides power for oil accumulation in thin interbeds of organic-poor sandstones with good seepage conditions and in felsic lamina, tuffaceous lamina and bedding fractures in shales. Hydrocarbon generation-induced fractures, bedding fractures and microfractures provide high-speed pathways for oil micro-migration. Frequent sandstone interlayers and felsic laminae provide a good space for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation, and also effectively improve the hydrocarbon movability. Third, sand-rich areas around the depression are the main targets for exploring migratory-retained shale oil. Mature deep depression areas are the main targets for exploring retained oil with medium to high maturity. Theoretical research and field application of in-situ conversion in low-mature deep depression areas are the main technical orientations for exploring retained shale oil with low to medium maturity.

关键词： Ordos Basin triassic yanchang formation Chang 7_(3)submember shale oil migratory-retained retained exploration target

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Types,characteristics and geological significance of event deposits of Chang 9 Member of triassic yanchang formation in southwestern Ordos Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第3期50卷 588-602页

作者： WANG Ziye MAO Zhiguo YUAN Xuanjun DENG Xiuqin HUI Xiao ZHANG Zhongyi CUI Jingweil PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China National Energy Tight Oil&Gas Research&Development Center Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir CNPCBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi'an 710018China

Through core observation,thin section identification,and logging and testing data analysis,the types and characteristics of event deposits in the ninth member of yanchang formation of triassic(Chang 9 Member)in southwestern Ordos Basin,China,are *** are 4 types and 9 subtypes of event deposits,***,gravity flow,volcanic and anoxic deposits,in the Chang 9 Member in the study *** on the analysis of the characteristics and distribution of such events deposits,it is proposed that the event deposits are generally symbiotic or associated,with intrinsic genetic relations and distribution *** kinds of sedimentary microfacies with relatively developed event deposits are identified,and the genetic model of event deposits is *** are mainly developed in the lake transgression stage when the basin expands episodically,and commonly affected by liquefaction flow,gravity action and brittle shear *** flow,mainly distributed in the high water level period,sandwiched in the fine-grained sediments of prodelta or semi-deep lake,or creates banded or lobate slump turbidite *** is relatively developed above the seismites *** volcanic event deposits are only seen in the lower part of the Chang 9 Member,showing abrupt contact at the top and bottom,which reflects the volcanic activity at the same *** deposits are mostly formed in the late stage of lake transgression to the highstand *** thick organic-rich shales are developed in the highstand stage of Chang 9 Member,and the event deposits in the depositional period of these shales are conducive to potential reservoirs.

关键词： event deposit seismite gravity flow anoxic event triassic yanchang formation Ordos Basin

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Discovery and geological significance of black carbon in triassic yanchang formation in Ordos Basin and its influences on source rock evaluation, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2024年第6期51卷 1480-1491页

作者： CUI Jingwei ZHU Rukai LI Yang ZHANG Zhongyi LIU Guanglin QI Yalin HUI Xiao PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Research Institute of Exploration and Development of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company

Through investigating the triassic yanchang formation in the Ordos Basin, black carbon has been found for the first time in the seventh member of the Middle triassic yanchang formation（Chang 7 Member）. This study suggests that the oxygen content in the East Tethys during the Middle triassic was beyond 15% and that plants had recovered from the Late Permian mass extinction. The results show that the distribution of black carbon in the Chang 7 Member is heterogeneous in the basin. In the southeastern part, the black carbon content is the highest（possibly higher than 6%） in shale, with the proportion in total organic carbon content（TOC） up to 20%, which is lower than 10% in the northwestern and northeastern parts. The traditional practice needs to be re-evaluated when using TOC as a critical index in source rock evaluation and shale oil and gas sweet spot screening. Shale with high TOC may not necessarily be effective source rocks and or attractive targets for unconventional oil and gas exploitation, whereas those with low TOC could potentially be effective or high-quality source rocks. The TOC in shale can be divided into mass fractions of black carbon（wb）, active carbon（wa）, residual carbon（wr）, and carbon from mature shale oil（w_o）. TOC-wbis recommended for evaluation of source rock, wa for screening the in-situ recovery area of low to medium maturity shale oil, and wo for appraisal of the favorable exploration area of medium to high mature shale oil. These results allow for the quantitative evaluation of organic matter composition of shale, hydrocarbon generation potential, maturation stage, and generation, expulsion and retention of shale oil, and also guide the reconstruction of climate in the source rock development period and the shale oil and gas sweet spot screening.

关键词： black carbon shale oil and gas source rock triassic yanchang formation paleoenvironment Ordos Basin

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