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trend and Periodicity of Temperature Time Series in Ontario

American Journal of Climate Change 2014年第3期3卷 272-288页

作者： Syed Imran Ahmed Ramesh Rudra Trevor Dickinson Motahir Ahmed School of Engineering Thornborough Building University of Guelph Guelph Canada Engineer Manitoba Government Winnipeg Canada

The trends and periodicities in the annual and seasonal temperature time series at fifteen weather stations within Ontario Great Lakes Basins have been analyzed, for the period 1941-2005, using the statistical analyses (Fourier series analysis, t-test, and Mann-Kendall test). The stations were spatially divided into three regions: northwest (NW), southwest (SW), and southeast (SE) to evaluate spatial variability in temperature. The results of the study reveal that the annual maximum mean temperature showed increasing trend for NW, and mixed trends for SW and SE regions. The variability was found to be more for northern stations as compared to southern stations for annual extreme minimum temperature. In addition, the trend slope per 100 years for the average annual extreme minimum temperature increased within the range of -0.8°C (Stratford) to 15°C (Porcupine). The seasonal analysis demonstrated that extreme maximum temperature has an increasing trend and maximum mean temperature has a decreasing trend during summer and winter. The extreme minimum temperature for winter illustrated an increasing trend (90%) with 22% statistically significant for NW region. For the SW region, the trend is also increasing (80%) for most of the temperature variables and 25% of temperature data were significantly increased in the SW region. The SE region stations showed overall very clear increasing trends (95%) for all the temperature variables. The data also showed that 47% of data were statistically significant in the SE region. The analysis of variance accounted for by trend, significant periodicities, and random component show that the pattern is similar for the percent of variance accounted for periodicities, and random component contribute dominantly for the four temperature variables and frost free days (FFD) for all three regions. Overall, the study reveals that the extreme minimum temperature is increasing annually and seasonally, with statistically significant at many stations

关键词： Time Series trend Periodicity Mann-Kendall Test t-Test Frost Free Days

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trend Analysis of Small Scale Commercial Sugarcane Production in Post Resettlement Areas of Mkwasine Zimbabwe, Using Hyper-Temporal Satellite Imagery

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2013年第1期2卷 29-34页

作者： Shingirirai Mutanga Abel Ramoelo Tichatonga Gonah Africa Institute of South Africa Science and Technology Programme Pretoria South Africa Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Earth Observation Research Group Natural Resource and Environment Unit Pretoria South Africa Department of Water Affairs Hydrogeology Section Pretoria South Africa

This study used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from Spot Vegetation images as a proxy for sugarcane growth and production model. Time series analysis was undertaken using the moving average computed in R Programming language to monitor sugarcane production after the inception of land reform in the Mkwasine Estate of Zimbabwe. Overall the findings showed a declining trend with a few years of improved production over the 11 year period under investigation. To attest the possible explanations for the observed trend the study related NDVI data with climate variables and considered non climate factors such as land tenure. The predicted yield estimates over the years correlated very well with rainfall. The study therefore envisaged that hyper-temporal satellite imagery can be used to monitor sugarcane production and enhance decision making for future policy direction.

关键词： trend Analysis Spot Vegetation NDVI and Sugarcane

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trend and Periodicity Analysis in Rainfall Pattern of Nira Basin, Central India

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American Journal of Climate Change 2014年第1期3卷 60-70页

作者： Asmita Ramkrishna Murumkar Dhyan Singh Arya Department of Hydrology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India

Seasonal and annual rainfall data of the stations: Akluj, Baramati, Bhor and Malsiras stations located in Nira Basin, Central India, were analyzed for studying trend and periodicity using 104 years’ rainfall data. The analysis was carried out by using Mann-Kendall (MK), Modified Mann-Kendall (MMK) and Theil and Sen’s slope estimator tests describing rising trend at all the stations. However, it is statistically significant at Akluj and Bhor stations at 10% significance level. Bhor station showed the maximum increase in percentage change i.e. 0.28% in annual rainfall. Monsoon and post-monsoon seasonal rainfall shows a rising trend while the summer and winter seasonal rainfall shows a falling trend. Wavelet analysis showed prominent annual rainfall periods ranging from 2 to 8 years at all the stations after 1960s resulting in describing more changes in the rainfall patterns after 1960s.

关键词： trend Analysis MK MMK Autocorrelation Wavelet Analysis Nira Basin

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trend of non-communicable disease mortality for three common conditions in the elderly population from 2002 to 2010: A population-based study in China

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2015年第3期1卷 -页

作者： Qian Li Jin Guo Xiao-Qing Cao Xin Yuan Ke-Qin Rao Zhe Zheng Zhi-Dong Liu Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA USA School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing 100000 China Department of Thoracic Surgery Beijing Chest Hospital Beijing 100000 China State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Center for Health Statistics National Health and Family Planning Commission of China Beijing 100037 China

Objective: There is a lack of data focusing on non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality in the Chinese elderly population over the past ***: Using mortality data from the Chinese Health Statistics, we explored the crude and age-standardized mortality trend of three major NCDs in the Chinese population ≥65 years of age from 2002 to 2010, namely, malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular *** characterized as rural and urban residence, and by gender and age were examined ***: Mortality increased with age and was higher among males than among females across the three NCDs, with the gender difference being most remarkable for malignant neoplasms and least for heart diseases ***-specific crude mortalities increased between 2002 and 2010, overall and in all the pre-specified *** age-standardization, rising trends were observed for people ≥65 years old, and condition-specific mortalities generally increased in rural regions and decreased in urban regions, especially for cerebrovascular ***: There were increasing trends for mortality due to malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases in China between 2002 and 2010, which were largely driven by the population *** existed by rural and urban residence, gender, and *** 2015, Chinese Medical Association *** and hosting by Elsevier *** behalf of KeAi Communications Co., *** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： trend Mortality Elderly Non-communicable disease

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trend Analysis of Precipitation in Some Selected Stations in Anambra State

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2015年第1期5卷 1-12页

作者： A. Ifeka A. Akinbobola Department of Meteorology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

State is in the South East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The major occupation of the people in this region is trading and farming, which depends on rainfall and other climatic factors. This paper presents statistical and trend analyses of the rainfall in some selected stations in Anambra State, which includes Ifite-Ogwari, Awka, Onitsha and Ihiala. Rainfall data for a period of 1971-2010 were obtained from Climate Research Unit (CRU). The existence of trend and statistical analyses was conducted on monthly total rainfalls using non-parametric techniques. The study revealed that overall averages of yearly and monthly total rainfall were 5798.78 mm and 1739.62 mm in Ifite-Ogwari, 6051.8 mm and 1815 mm in Awka, 6288.87 mm and 1886.88 mm in Onitsha, and 6637.19 mm and 1997.1 mm in Ihiala. Yearly total rainfall has Mann-Whitney of 26 and 41 between 1971 and 1990, 1991 and 2010 respectively in Ifite-Ogwari, 32 and 42 between 1971 and 1990, 1991 and 2010 respectively in Awka, 42 and 39 between 1971 and 1990, 1991 and 2010 respectively in Onitsha, and 33 and 45 between 1971 and 1990, 1991 and 2010 respectively in Ihiala. These parameters show that there are significant trends in the rainfall in term of yearly total for the period. Sen’s estimator revealed that there were significant downward trends for yearly total (-0.775 mm/year) and (-0.094 mm/year) within the period of 1971-1990 and 1991-2010 in Ifite-Ogwari. There was an upward trend of yearly total (1.841 mm/year) between 1971 and1990, whereas there was a downward trend of yearly total (-0.211) between 1991 and 2010 in Awka. It was concluded that there was a significant downward trend in the yearly total and mean rainfalls in Ifite-Ogwari, Awka, Onitsha and Ihiala in the last four decades (40 years), which could be attributed to climate change.

关键词： Precipitation trend Analysis Non-Parametric Tests

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trend Analysis in Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Anomaly Index in the Context of Climate Change in Southern Togo

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2017年第4期7卷 401-423页

作者： Komlan Koudahe Adewumi J. Kayode Awokola O. Samson Adekunle A. Adebola Koffi Djaman Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta (FUNAAB) Abeokuta Nigeria Center of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment (CEADESE) Abeokuta Nigeria Direction des Filières Végétales (DFV) Lomé Togo Africa Rice Center Regional Station of Senegal St-Louis Senegal

Rainfall and temperature are climatic variables mostly affected by global warming. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trend analysis in annual temperature and rainfall in the Southern Togo for the 1970-2014 period. Daily and annual rainfall and temperature were collected from four weather stations at Atakpame, Kouma-Konda, Lome, and Tabligbo. The temperature variability was determined by the Standardized Anomaly Index (SAI) and the annual rainfall variability was determined using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The Mann-Kendall test was used for trend analysis. Mann-Kendall statistical test for the mean annual, mean annual minimum and maximum temperature from 1970 to 2014 showed significant warming trends for all stations except Kouma-Konda where mean annual maximum temperature had exhibited non significant cooling trend (P = 0.01). For Standardized Precipitation Index in the 12-month time scale, dry tendency dominates Atakpamé (55.7%) and Kouma-Konda (55.5%) while wet tendency dominates slightly Lomé (50.9%) and Tabligbo (51.4%). The Mann-Kendall test revealed an increasing trend in standardized anomaly index at all the sites, prejudicial to rainfed agriculture practiced by about 90% of Togolese crop growers. The trend analysis in the climate variables indicated a change in climate that necessitates some specific actions for resources management sustainability and conservation.

关键词： trend Analysis Mann-Kendall Test Rainfall Temperature Climate Change

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trend Analysis of Aerosol Optical Depth and &#197ngstr&#246m Exponent Anomaly over East Africa

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2017年第4期7卷 588-603页

作者： John W. Makokha Jared O. Odhiambo Juma S. Godfrey Department of Science Technology and Engineering Kibabii University Bungoma Kenya Department of Mathematics Kibabii University Bungoma Kenya

trend analysis of atmospheric aerosols enhances confidence in the evaluation of both direct and indirect effects of aerosols on regional climate change. To comprehensively achieve this over East Africa, it’s important to understand aerosols temporal characteristics over well selected sites namely Nairobi (1°S, 36°E), Mbita (0°S, 34°E), Mau Forest (0.0°S - 0.6°S;35.1°E - 35.7°E), Malindi (2°S, 40°E), Mount Kilimanjaro (3°S, 37°E) and Kampala (0°N, 32.1°E). In this context, trend analysis (annual (in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm and Ångström Exponent Anomaly (ÅEA) at 470 - 660 nm) and seasonal (AOD)) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were performed following the weighted least squares (WLS) fitting method for the period 2000 to 2013. The MODIS AOD annual trends were ground-truthed by AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data. Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) was utilized to derive rainfall rates (RR) in order to assess its influence on the observed aerosol temporal characteristics. The derived annual AOD trends utilizing MODIS and AERONET data were consistent with each other. However, monthly AOD and RR were found to be negatively correlated over Nairobi, Mbita, Mau forest complex and Malindi. There was no clear relationship between the two trends over Kampala and Mount Kilimanjaro, which may imply the role of aerosols in cloud modulation and hence RR received. Seasonality is evident between AOD and ÅEA annual trends as these quantities were observed to be modulated by RR. AOD was observed to decrease over East Africa except Nairobi during the study period as a result of RR during the study period. Unlike the other study sites, Nairobi shows positive trends in AOD that may be attributed to increasing populace and fossil fuel, vehicular-industrial emission and biomass and refuse burning during the study period. Negative trends over the rest of the study sites were associated to rain washout. The AOD and ÅEA

关键词： East Africa MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth Angstrom Exponent trend Analysis

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trend of <i>Cryptosporidium</i>Infection among Children below 24 Months in an Informal Urban Settlement, Kenya

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020年第3期10卷 153-161页

作者： Daisy Chepkemoi Mutai Patrick Opiyo Owili Miriam Adoyo Muga Department of Public Health School of Health Sciences University of Eastern Africa Baraton Kenya Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics School of Medicine and Health Sciences Kabarak University Nakuru Kenya

Cryptosporidium infection is estimated to cause 2.9 million diarrheal cases yearly among children aged under 24 months in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies have shown long-term climatic variations can affect infectious diseases. The burden of cryptosporidiosis in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa is well characterized. However, the trend of Cryptosporidium infection is not known, especially in informal urban settings. This study therefore sought to determine cryptosporidiosis trends, and further explore the association between year and Cryptosporidium infection among children below 24 months in Kibera urban informal settlement in Kenya. Data collected by the Kenya Medical Research Institute longitudinal study in Tabitha clinic in Kibera from 2009 to 2015 were used. At least 3000 children aged , children presenting with diarrhea were eligible for stool sample collection (n = 477), out of which 421 stool samples were tested using TaqMan™ Array Card (TAC) polymerase chain reaction panel that included a target for Cryptosporidium genus. Data for the 421 children were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used to explore the difference between the seven years and cryp

关键词： Cryptosporidium Infection Informal Urban Settlement Children below 24 Months trend TaqMan™ Array Card

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trend MD内容推荐平台——提升科技期刊国际影响力的新途径

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编辑学报 2017年第S2期29卷 73-75页

作者：谢曼石应江李哲苗晨霞西北有色金属研究院<稀有金属材料与工程>编辑部西安710016 中国医药卫生期刊编辑与出版伦理专业委员会北京100710

为提升科技期刊的国际影响力提供帮助和借鉴。借助国际性的内容推荐平台——trend MD对提升科技期刊的国际影响力进行了3方面的初探,即利用trend MD吸引高端作者/读者群、提升期刊的国际显示度、扩大期刊的海外宣传和推广。结果表明:Tre... 详细信息

为提升科技期刊的国际影响力提供帮助和借鉴。借助国际性的内容推荐平台——trend MD对提升科技期刊的国际影响力进行了3方面的初探,即利用trend MD吸引高端作者/读者群、提升期刊的国际显示度、扩大期刊的海外宣传和推广。结果表明:trend MD内容推荐平台是提高科技期刊国际影响力的新途径。

关键词： trend MD 科技期刊国际影响力途径

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trend and Countermeasures for the Development of Rural Resident Tourism Market

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Journal of Landscape Research 2009年第9期1卷 78-81页

作者：王莹徐东亚浙江工商大学旅游与城市管理学院浙江杭州310018

The development status of rural resident tourism market is introduced in this study,and its potential influencing factors are *** coastal areas as the study case,the future development trend of rural resident tourism market in China is predicted from the aspects of market scale,consumption pattern,tourism level and tourism season,moreover,countermeasures are put forward for the healthy and sustainable development of rural resident tourism market.

关键词： Rural resident tourism Development trend Market exploitation

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