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Upward trend of nitrogen deposition curbed by the dual force of environmental regulation and social-economic structural change in China

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Science Bulletin 2019年第18期64卷 1300-1302页

作者： Lingli Liu State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nitrogen(N)is an important nutrient that is essential for all life on Earth.Although N accounts for 78%of the total atmospheric volume,it cannot be used by plants or animals unless it is converted to reactive nitrogen(Nr)such as ammonia(NH3)or related nitrogenous compounds.The supply of reactive N has been the bottleneck in food production for centuries.Since 1913,the Haber-Bosch process has greatly improved the ability of humans to produce N fertilizers from atmospheric N.The rapid growth of the world's population since 1960 is closely related to the increase in food production caused by the increased use of N fertilizers[1].Population growth further leads to increases in N-fixing crop cultivation,animal husbandry expansion,and fossil fuel con sumption.

关键词： husbandry trend ammonia

Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 12-19页

作者： Qiu-Shi Lin Tao-Jun Hu Xiao-Hua Zhou Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Center for Statistical Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Background:The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a pandemic causing global health problem.We provide estimates of the daily trend in the size of the epidemic in Wuhan based on detailed information of 10940 confirmed cases outside Hubei province.Methods:In this modelling study,we first estimate the epidemic size in Wuhan from 10 January to 5 April 2020 with a newly proposed model,based on the confirmed cases outside Hubei province that left Wuhan by 23 January 2020 retrieved from official websites of provincial and municipal health commissions.Since some confirmed cases have no information on whether they visited Wuhan before,we adjust for these missing values.We then calculate the reporting rate in Wuhan from 20 January to 5 April 2020.Finally,we estimate the date when the first infected case occurred in Wuhan.Results:We estimate the number of cases that should be reported in Wuhan by 10 January 2020,as 3229(95%confidence interval[CI]:3139–3321)and 51273(95%CI:49844–52734)by 5 April 2020.The reporting rate has grown rapidly from 1.5%(95%CI:1.5–1.6%)on 20 January 2020,to 39.1%(95%CI:38.0–40.2%)on 11 February 2020,and increased to 71.4%(95%CI:69.4–73.4%)on 13 February 2020,and reaches 97.6%(95%CI:94.8–100.3%)on 5 April 2020.The date of first infection is estimated as 30 November 2019.Conclusions:In the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak,the testing capacity of Wuhan was insufficient.Clinical diagnosis could be a good complement to the method of confirmation at that time.The reporting rate is very close to 100%now and there are very few cases since 17 March 2020,which might suggest that Wuhan is able to accommodate all patients and the epidemic has been controlled.

关键词： COVID-19 Wuhan Daily trend Size Infection

Pancreatic cancer:A review of epidemiology,trend,and risk factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第27期27卷 4298-4321页

作者： Jian-Xiong Hu Cheng-Fei Zhao Wen-Biao Chen Qi-Cai Liu Qu-Wen Li Yan-Ya Lin Feng Gao Intensive Care Unit(ICU) Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutian 351100Fujian ProvinceChina School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology Putian UniversityPutian 351100Fujian ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine in University of Fujian Province Putian UniversityPutian 351100Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Basic Medicine Quanzhou Medical CollegeQuanzhou 362011Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Reproductive Medicine Centre First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Priority Laboratory for Zoonoses Research Fujian Center for Disease Control and PreventionFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005Fujian ProvinceChina

Despite rapid advances in modern medical technology and significant improvements in survival rates of many cancers,pancreatic cancer is still a highly lethal gastrointestinal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate and difficulty in early detection.At present,the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer are increasing year by year worldwide,no matter in the United States,Europe,Japan,or China.Globally,the incidence of pancreatic cancer is projected to increase to 18.6 per 100000 in 2050,with the average annual growth of 1.1%,meaning that pancreatic cancer will pose a significant public health burden.Due to the special anatomical location of the pancreas,the development of pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed at a late stage with obvious clinical symptoms.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for pancreatic cancer is of great clinical significance for effective prevention of pancreatic cancer.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics,developmental trends,and risk factors of pancreatic cancer are reviewed and analyzed in detail.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Epidemiology trend Risk factors Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Cancer incidence,mortality,and burden in China:a time-trend analysis and comparison with the United States and United Kingdom based on the global epidemiological data released in 2020

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Cancer Communications 2021年第10期41卷 1037-1048页

作者： Haibo Qiu Sumei Cao Ruihua Xu Department of Gastric Surgery State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China Department of Cancer Prevention Research Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China Department of Medical Oncology StateKey Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China

Background:Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in China.Investigating the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide reference for policy planning and contribute to improving cancer control measures.In this study,we reviewed the rates and trends of cancer incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)burden in China,and compared them with those in the United States(US)and the United Kingdom(UK).Methods:Cancer incidence,mortality,and DALY data for China,US and UK were obtained fromtheGLOBOCAN2020 online database,Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2019 study,and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database(CI5 plus).trends of cancer incidence and mortality in China,US,and UK were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models to calculate annual percent changes(APCs)and identify the best-fitting joinpoints.Results:An estimated 4,568,754 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 3,002,899 cancer deaths occurred in China in 2020.Additionally,cancers resulted in 67,340,309 DALYs in China.Compared to the US and UK,China had lower cancer incidence but higher cancer mortality andDALY rates.Furthermore,the cancer spectrum of China was changing,with a rapid increase incidence and burden of lung,breast,colorectal,and prostate cancer in addition to a high incidence and heavy burden of liver,stomach,esophageal,and cervical cancer.Conclusions:The cancer spectrum of China is changing from a developing country to a developed country.Population aging and increase of unhealthy lifestyles would continue to increase the cancer burden of China.Therefore,the Chinese authorities should adjust the national cancer control program with reference to the practices of cancer control which have been well-established in the developed countries,and taking consideration of the diversity of cancer types by of different regions in China at the same time.

关键词： cancer pattern incidence mortality disability-adjusted life year trend risk factor GLOBOCAN 2020 China United States United Kingdom

Incidence rate of animal bites in southern Iran during 2015-2019 using Cochrane-Armitage trend test

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Journal of Acute Disease 2023年第1期12卷 29-34页

作者： Hamed Delam Ahmadreza Eidi Zahra Keshtkaran Omid Soufi Behzad Rezaei Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan Student Research Committee Larestan University of Medical SciencesLarestanIran Department of Nursing School of Nursing and MidwiferyCommunity Based Psychiatric Care Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Shiraz University of Medical Sciences ShirazIran Department of Surgery Larestan University of Medical SciencesLarestanIran Department of Nursing School of NursingLarestan University of Medical SciencesLarestanIran

Objective:To investigate the trend of animal bites in southern Iran from 2015 to 2019.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study of patients with animal bites who were referred to the Center for Disease Control in the three cities of Larestan,Evaz,and Khonj in Fars province,southern Iran from 2015 to 2019.The trend of animal bites incidence was analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.Results:In total,from 2015 to 2019,1944 cases of animal bites were reported.A total of 79.8%of the cases were men.The overall average incidence of animal bites was 142.93 per 100000 people.The incidence of animal bites was significantly increased(Ptrend<0.001).The highest incidence was in November(79.04 per 100000 people)followed by January(76.1 per 100000 people)and February(69.48 per 100000 people);also,the lowest incidence was in August(47.42 per 100000 people)and July(50.0 per 100000 people).Conclusions:The incidence of animal bites has significantly increased.Given the importance of rabies,control and management of animal bites should be emphasized and considered.

关键词： Rabies Animal bites Epidemiology Iran trend Incidence

Worldwide 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke and the temporal trend

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第4期5卷 353-360页

作者： Runhua Zhang Yu Wang Jiming Fang Miaoxin Yu Yongjun Wang Gaifen Liu Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina ICES TorontoOntarioCanada

background The 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke is an essential epidemiological metric.Whereas the case fatality after ischaemic stroke and the temporal trend is uncertain.We aimed to estimate the 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke and its temporal trend,as well as its regional variation.Methods We searched PubMed and Embase to identify the studies for 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke.The population-based studies were included.Two investigators extracted the data and assessed the quality independently.One-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke was estimated using a random effects model.The temporal trend was evaluated using a mixed-effect meta-regression model.results A total of 59 articles with 77 time periods were included.The worldwide 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke was 13.5%(95%CI 12.3%to 14.7%).The case fatality was 10.8%(95%CI 8.3%to 13.5%)in Asia,14.2%(95%CI 12.6%to 15.9%)in Europe,14.0%(95%CI 11.2%to 17.1%)in South America and Caribbean,14.0%(95%CI 9.5%to 19.1%)in North America and 12.5%(95%CI 11.1%to 13.9%)in Australia and New Zealand.Overall,there was a non-significant decrease of 0.1%per year in case fatality.It decreased significantly in Europe(−0.2%annually,95%CI−0.4%to−0.01%)and North America(−0.2%annually,95%CI−0.4%to−0.04%),increased significantly in Australia and New Zealand(0.2%annually,95%CI 0.1%to 0.4%),while no evidence of change in other regions.Conclusion The 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke and its temporal trend were divergent across regions.Further studies are needed to address the reason of the regional difference,which will be helpful to guide the effort of reducing stroke burden.

关键词： trend annually assessed

trend analysis of sediment grain size and sedimentary process in the central South Yellow Sea

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第14期47卷 1202-1207页

作者： SHI Xuefa CHEN Chunfeng LIU Yanguang REN Hong WANG Huiyan Key Lab of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of QingdaoQingdao 266003China

With the method of trend analysis of sediment grain size, the sediment transport trend of the fine-grained sediments area in the central South Yellow Sea was studied. The results demonstrated that there is a sedimentation center around the point of 123.4° E, 35.1°N, and the sediments outside the center are transported to it. The patterns of sediment transportation and deposition in the Yellow Sea should be controlled by cyclonic circulation (including the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass) and cold water gyre. The study also showed that the method of trend analysis of sediment grain size has prospective utilization in the fine-grained sediment deposited area on large-scale continental shelf.

关键词： grain size trend analysis sediment transportation the central South Yellow Sea.

Time trend and characteristics of prostate cancer diagnosed in Hong Kong(China)in the past two decades

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第1期21卷 104-106页

作者： Ho-Fai Wong Chi-Hang Yee Jeremy YC Teoh Samson YS Chan Peter KF Chiu Ho-Yuen Cheung Simon SM Hou Chi Fai Ng S H.Ho Urology Centre Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Dear Editor, Prostate cancer is an important disease worldwide)In 2015 it was the third most common cancer diagnosed in male in Hong Kong (China) and the incidence of prostate cancer has been rising in the past 15 years. Meanwhile,with increasing public awareness,health education, presentation,and detection of prostate cancer maybe changed.Therefore, we would like to review how the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Hong Kong (China)had changed in the past two decades.

关键词： prostate cancer Time trend

Expansions for the Distribution and the Maximum from Distributions with an Asymptotically Gamma Tail When a trend Is Present

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第3期31卷 526-542页

作者： Christopher S.WITHERS Saralees NADARAJAH Industrial Research Limited University of Manchester

We give expansions about the Gumbel distribution in inverse powers of n and logn for Mn, the maximum of a sample size n or n ＋ 1 when the j-th observation is μ（j/n）＋ ej, μ is any smooth trend flmction and the residuals {ej} are independent and identically distributed with P（e〉r）≈exp（-δx）x^do ∑k=1 ∞ckx^-kβ as -x→∞. We illustrate practical value of the expansions using simulated data sets.

关键词： Bell polynomials expansions exponential and gamma tails Gumbel maximum trend