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Farmers' contributions to the conservation of tree diversity in the Groundnut Basin,Senegal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1083-1096页

作者： Antoine Sambou Bienvenu Sambou Anders R?bild Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement (ISE) Facultdes Sciences et TechniqueUniversitCheikh Anta Diop(UCAD)

tree diversity in West Africa is threatened by intensified land uses and salinization, and farmers’ role in conservation of tree species is unclear. We hypothesized that farmers contribute to conservation of tree diversity through protection of trees in their agroforestry landscapes and compared the diversity and structure of the tree vegetation across landscape classes. Inventories were carried out in three villages in the Groundnut Basin in Senegal, assessing tree diversity, density and crown cover. tree diversity as assessed by species accumulation curves was high in forests, but cultivated landscapes had comparable or almost comparable diversity, especially in the cases where the forest was planted or was affected by charcoal production. However, the occurrence of exotic species was higher in cultivated parts of the landscape, and although many species were in common, ordination plots indicated that forests and cultivated landscapes to some degree had different species composition. Salinity had a strong influence on vegetation, not only in the tans (salt marshes) but also across the other landscape classes. In conclusion, agroforestry landscapes in the three villages harbor considerable tree diversity, but insufficient to fully conserve the tree species. We argue that informing and including farmers in tree management in the region will contribute to overall conservation of tree genetic resources.

关键词： tree diversity Conservation-landscape classes Environmental factors Groundnut Basin

Spatial pattern of tree diversity and evenness across forest types in Majella National Park,Italy

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第4期2卷 304-313页

作者： Mohammad Redowan Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Shahjalal University of Science and Technology

Background： Estimation of tree diversity at broader scale is important for conservation planning. tree diversity should be measured and understood in terms of diversity and evenness, two integral components to describe the structure of a biological community. Variation of the tree diversity and evenness with elevation, topographic relief, aspect, terrain shape, slope, soil nutrient, solar radiation etc. are well documented. Methods： Present study explores the variation of tree diversity （measured as Shannon diversity and evenness indices） of Majella National Park, italy with five available forest types namely evergreen oak woods, deciduous oak woods, blacWaleppo pine stands, hop-hornbeam forest and beech forest, using satellite, environmental and field data. Results： Hop-hornbeam forest was found to be most diverse and even while evergreen Oak woods was the lowest diverse and even. diversity and evenness of forest types were concurrent to each other i.e. forest type which was more diverse was also more even. As a broad pattern, majority portion of the study area belonged to medium diversity and high evenness class. Conclusions： Satellite images and other GIS data proved useful tools in monitoring variation of tree diversity and evenness across various forest types. Present study findings may have implications in prioritizing conservation zones of high tree diversity at Majella.

关键词： tree diversity tree evenness Forest type Shannon diversity index Shannon evenness index Neural network Kappa statistic

How forest edge-center transitions in the herb layer interact with beech dominance versus tree diversity

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 498-507页

作者： Claudia Normann Teja Tscharntke Christoph Scherber Department of Crop Sciences University of GöttingenGrisebachstraße 637077 GöttingenGermany Institute of Landscape Ecology University of MünsterHeisenbergstraße 248149 MünsterGermany

Aims Forest fragmentation and the associated augmentation of forest edge zones are increasing *** edges are characterized by altered plant species richness and community *** the tree layer and its species composition has been shown to influence herb layer composition,changes in tree species composition or richness may weaken or strengthen edge effects in forest *** studied effects of the edge-center transition,tree species composition and their potential interaction on the understory vegetation in the Hainich National Park,Germany’s largest connected deciduous forest,allowing to cover large edge-center *** We established 12 transects in an area of 75 km^(2) of continuous forest,6 beech-dominated and 6 in multispecies forest *** transect reached from the forest edge up to 500 m into the forest *** relevés were conducted in regular,logarithmic distances along each *** Findings Herb species richness was influenced by an interaction of edge effects and tree diversity *** increasing distance from the forest edge,herb species richness remained constant in multispecies forest stands but rapidly decreased in beech-dominated forest ***,herb richness was higher in the interior of multispecies forest *** forest specialists increased and percent generalists decreased with distance from the edge and this contrasting pattern was much more pronounced in beech-dominated *** using structural equation modeling,we identified litter depth mediated by tree species composition as the most important driver of herb layer plant species richness.

关键词： community composition Fagus sylvatica functional groups habitat specialists and generalists litter depth tree diversity

Using spatial analysis to monitor tree diversity at a large scale: a case study in Northeast China Transect

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第2期1卷 137-141页

作者： Xiongwen Chen Bai-Lian Li Xing-Shi Zhang Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Center for ForestryEcology and WildlifeAlabama A&M UniversityPO Box 1927NormalAL 35762USA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521-0124USA Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Aims Monitoring and assessing diversity change at a large scale is important for any meaningful biodiversity conservation and *** analysis techniques can provide information about different aspects of diversity distribution including *** applied some common spatial analysis methods and additive partitioning of species diversity in the Northeast China Transect as a case study to show how to characterize the distribution and change of tree diversity in this area from different *** The field data were collected from the permanent plots conducted every 4 *** additive partitioning of species diversity was used to characterize the diversity of tree species at different ***’s I was used for identifying the spatial scale of autocorrelation,lacunarity was studied for diversity patch contagion and dispersion and spectral entropy was used for assessing the overall spatial *** findings Datacollectedfrom 1986 to 1994 indicate that the change of adiversity was not significant in the study area,but the change of b diversity was *** percentage of a diversity in total diversity(c)increased from 14.2 to 17.2%,and the percentage of b diversity decreased from 85.8 to 82.8%.For both a and b diversities,the scale of spatial autocorrelation decreased at the scale of 25–40 km and increased around 15–20 and 200 *** lacunarity of a diversity decreased significantly and there wasasuddenchangeat the scale of 56–68km,butthelacunarity of b diversity increased across *** spectral entropy decreased slightlyina diversityandremainedsimilarforb *** analysis,we can monitor the diversity change over a large area and also assess the effectiveness of the current conservation strategies.

关键词： monitoring Northeast China Transect(NECT) spatial analysis tree diversity

Effects of tsaoko (Fructus tsaoko) cultivating on tree diversity and canopy structure in the habitats of eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys)

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Zoological Research 2014年第3期35卷 231-239页

作者： Sheng-Dong YUAN Han-Lan FEI Shao-Han ZHU Liang-Wei CUI Huai-Sen AI Peng-Fei FAN Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province Southwest Forestry University Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University Gaoligongshan National Natural Reserve

In this study, the quadrat method was used to study the effects of tsaoko （Fructus tsaoko） plantation on tree diversity and canopy structure of two natural habitats of eastern hoolock gibbon （Hoolock leuconedys）： Nankang （characterized by extensive tsaoko plantation） and Banchang （relatively well reserved and without tsaoko plantation）. Totally, 102 tree species from 25 families and 16 woody liana species from 10 families were recorded in Nankang, whereas 108 tree species from 30 families and 17 woody liana species from 12 families were recorded in Banchang. Although the tree species between two habitats is different, both habitats are characterized by enriched food resources for eastern hoolock gibbons, sharing similar dominant plant families. Due to tsaoko plantation, tree density proportion and diversity of forest layer I （〉20 m） in Nankang were both significantly decreased, but the tree density of layerH （10-20 m） increased. Likewise, in conjunction with these behavioral observations, we also address potential impacts of tsaoko plantation on the behavior of eastern hoolock gibbon.

关键词： Eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys) Habitat tree diversity Canopy structure Fructus tsaoko plantation Mt.Gaoligong

Linking forest diversity and tree health： preliminary insights from a large-scale survey in Italy

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第2期5卷 151-161页

作者： Filippo Bussotti Matteo Feducci Giovanni Iacopetti Filomena Maggino Martina Pollastrini Federico Selvi Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA) University of Firenze Piazzale delle Cascine 18- 50144 Florence Italy Department of Statistical Sciences University La Sapienza P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy

Forest health is currently assessed in Europe （ICP Forests monitoring program）. Crown defoliation and dieback, tree mortality, and pathogenic damage are the main aspects considered in tree health assessment. The worsening of environmental conditions （i.e., increase of temperature and drought events） may cause large-spatial scale tree mortality and forest decline. However, the role of stand features, including tree species assemblage and diversity as factors that modify environmental impacts, is poorly considered. The present contribution reanalyses the historical dataset of crown conditions in Italian forests from ] 997 to 2014 to identify ecological and structural factors that influence tree crown defoliation, highlighting in a special manner the role of tree diversity. The effects of tree diversity were explored using the entire data set through multivariate cluster analyses and on individual trees, analysing the influence of the neighbouring tree diversity and identity at the local （neighbour） level. Preliminary results suggest that each tree species shows a specific behaviour in relation to crown defoliation, and the distribution of crown defoliation across Italian forests reflects the distribution of the main forest types and their ecological equilibrium with the environment. The potentiality and the problems connected to the possible extension of this analysis at a more general level （European and North American） were discussed.

关键词： Cluster analysis Crown defoliation Forest structure ICP Forests Neighbouring trees tree diversity tree identity

Structure, composition and diversity of tree species in tropical moist deciduous forests of Eastern India: a case study of Nayagarh Forest Division, Odisha

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第6期28卷 1212-1223页

作者： Tirthabrata Sahoo Pratap Chandra Panda Laxmikanta Acharya Taxonomy and Conservation Division Regional Plant Resource Centre Nayapalli Bhubaneswar Odisha 751015India Centre of Biotechnology Sikshya O Anusandhan UniversityGhatikia Bhubaneswar Odisha 751003 India

Quantitative assessment of tree species diversity from sample plots in seven forest ranges of Nayagarh Forest Division in Odisha state in the Eastern Ghats of India was made during the period April, 2011 to November, 2013. A total of 120 transects(1000 m × 5 m) were laid in Nayagarh, Odogaon, Pancharida, Khandapada, Dasapalla,Mahipur, and Gania forest ranges and tree stems of at least 30 cm GBH were measured. The regeneration potential of trees was assessed from 5 m × 5 m sample plots located within the main transect. A total of 177 tree species belonging to 120 genera and 44 families were recorded from the study area. Shorea robusta, Buchanania lanzan, Lannea coromandelica, Terminalia alata and Cleistanthus collinus were the predominant tree species. The stand density varied in the range of 355.33–740.53 stems ha)-1) while basal area ranged from 7.77 to 31.62 m2ha-1. The tree density and species richness decreased with increasing girth class. The highest number of species and maximum density was recorded in the girth class of 30–60 cm. The Shannon–Weiner and Simpson Indices with respect to trees with C30 cm GBH varied in the range of 2.07–3.79 cm and 0.03–0.37 cm respectively and the values of diversity indices are within the reported range for tropical forests of Indian sub-continent. The families, Dipterocarpaceae,Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae contributed to maximum species richness, stand density, and basal area. Regeneration of many tree species was observed to be poor. The present study provides baseline data for further ecological studies, forest management, and formulation of site-specific strategies for conservation of biological diversity in moist deciduous forests of Eastern India.

关键词： Eastern India Nayagarh Forest Division Odisha tree diversity

diversity Assessment of tree Species in Sitio Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora, Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第11期10卷 717-728页

作者： Ericson E. Coracero Pastor L. Malabrigo Jr. Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Aurora State College of Technology (Baler Campus) Aurora Philippines Department of Forest Biological Sciences University of the Philippines Los Ba&#241 os Laguna Philippines

This paper provides the diversity assessment of the tree species in Sitio Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora including the endemism and ecological status. A total of 2239 individuals from 139 morphospecies, 87 genera and 46 families were recorded. A total of 48 Philippine endemic species and 2 Aurora Endemic species were found and at least 29 threatened species were listed either in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and Philippine List of Threatened Species. Results of the tree diversity showed that the area is highly diverse being a well-protected and well-managed area.

关键词： Sitio Dicasalarin tree diversity Philippine Endemics Threatened Species Sierra Madre Mountain Range Aurora Endemics

Taxonomic and community composition of epigeal arthropods in monoculture and mixed tree species plantations in a deciduous forest of Ghana

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 641-653页

作者： Frederick Gyasi Damptey Emmanuel Opuni-Frimpong Collins Ayine Nsor James Addai Daniel Kwame Debrah Benjamin Schnerch Felicity Bentsi-Enchill Henn Korjus Department of Ecology Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg03046 CottbusGermany CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana KumasiGhana School of Natural Resources University of Energy and Natural Resources(UENR)SunyaniGhana Department of Forest Resources Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Forest Service Division of the Forestry Commission Accra Department of Biology Education Faculty of Science EducationUniversity of EducationWinnebaGhana Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering Estonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia

Tropical forests provide several ecosystem services and functions and support approximately two-thirds of the world’s biodiversity but are seriously threatened by *** to counteract this menace have revolved around aff orestation with several or a single tree *** thus investigated how plantation forests with either a single or several tree species infl uenced arthropod taxonomic and community composition using pitfall traps to sample selected groups of epigeal arthropods(Araneae,Coleoptera,Orthoptera and Hymenoptera)and with environmental variables assessed *** results revealed 54 taxonomic groups with signifi cantly higher taxonomic richness,activity density,and diversity in the mixed stands than in the monoculture *** significant differences in community composition were mainly driven by families including Lycosidae,Formicidae,Staphylinidae,Scotylidae,Hydrophilidae,Gryllidae and Scarabaeidae and were explained by distinct habitat characteristics(canopy openness,litter depth,deadwood volume,and tree height).While the diverse tree communities and heterogeneous vegetation structure off ered food and habitat resources for diverse arthropod groups,the allelopathic nature coupled with homogenous stand characteristics of the Tectona grandis stands in the monoculture suppressed the growth of understorey vegetation that could otherwise serve as food and habitat resources for arthropods,which might have led to limited activities and diversity of arthropods in the monoculture plantation *** fi ndings thus highlight the need to promote mixed tree plantations in degraded tropical areas,especially when restoring biodiversity is the prime management focus.

关键词： Arthropod community Forest plantations Structural complexity tree diversity Tropical deforestation