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Translation machinery: the basis of translational control

Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第4期51卷 367-378页

作者： Shu Yuan Guilong Zhou Guoyong Xu State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS)Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory WuhanHubei 430070China

Messenger RNA(mRNA)translation consists of initiation,elongation,termination,and ribosome recycling,carried out by the translation machinery,primarily including tRNAs,ribosomes,and translation factors(TrFs).translational regulators transduce signals of growth and development,as well as biotic and abiotic stresses,to the translation machinery,where global or selective translational control occurs to modulate mRNA translation efficiency(TrE).As the basis of translational control,the translation machinery directly determines the quality and quantity of newly synthesized peptides and,ultimately,the cellular adaption.Thus,regulating the availability of diverse machinery components is reviewed as the central strategy of translational control.We provide classical signaling pathways(e.g.,integrated stress responses)and cellular behaviors(e.g.,liquideliquid phase separation)to exemplify this strategy within different physiological contexts,particularly during hostemicrobe interactions.With new technologies developed,further understanding this strategy will speed up translational medicine and translational agriculture.

关键词： translational control Ribosome tRNA Translation machinery uORF Phase separation Immune response

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Intra-axonal protein synthesis–a new target for neural repair?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第9期11卷 1365-1367页

作者： Jeffery L.Twiss Ashley L.Kalinski Rahul Sachdeva John D.Houle Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Drexel University College of Medicine

Although initially argued to be a feature of immature neurons with incomplete polarization, there is clear evidence that neurons in the peripheral nervous system retain the capacity for intra-axonal protein synthe- sis well into adulthood. This localized protein synthesis has been shown to contribute to injury signaling and axon regeneration in peripheral nerves. Recent works point to potential for protein synthesis in axons of the vertebrate central nervous system, mRNAs and protein synthesis machinery have now been docu- mented in lamprey, mouse, and rat spinal cord axons. Intra-axonal protein synthesis appears to be activated in adult vertebrate spinal cord axons when they are regeneration-competent. Rat spinal cord axons regen- erating into a peripheral nerve graft contain mRNAs and markers of activated translational machinery. Indeed, levels of some growth-associated mRNAs in these spinal cord axons are comparable to the regen- erating sciatic nerve. Markers of active translation tend to decrease when these axons stop growing, but can be reactivated by a second axotomy. These emerging observations raise the possibility that mRNA transport into and translation within axons could be targeted to facilitate regeneration in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.

关键词： mRNA transport translational control RNA binding protein axon regeneration spinal cord injury peripheral nerve injury

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Growth and defense trade-off:Balanced at translational level

Growth and defense trade-off:Balanced at translational level

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2018全国植物生物学大会

作者： Rui Mou Yulu Zhou Guoyong Xu Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) National Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceWuhan University

Both plant growth and immune response are highly energy consuming and the allocation of energy to immune induction usually compromises plant yield.This is a key question that is commonly encountered in the lab condition and also in the agricultural practice.We are actively concentrated on resolving this conflict by dissecting plant immune regulation and hope to harvest ’Harmonious Crop Cultivars’ with balanced traits of yield and defense.We are using Arabidopsis and rice as model organisms to study ’translational control’,’Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Defense’ and ’Precision Agriculture’.In the past 20 years,the community of plant defense have had a clear picture of immune regulation at transcription level and post-translation level.Until recently,our work at Duke has revealed that global translational reprogramming is a fundamental layer of immune regulation in plants,and that uORF-mediated translation allows engineered plant disease resistance without fitness costs(Xu et al.,nature22371,Xu et al.,nature22372).We currently work at Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS),Wuhan University.We have setup the following platforms:RNA-related sequencing platform including RIP-seq,RNA-seq and Ribo-seq to find out more regulatory RNA elements;Luciferase-based genetic screening platform to find out the genes underneath the RNA elements,such as uORF,-mediated translational control;and Microscopy-based cell biology platform to study phase separation and the spatiotemporal organization and dynamics of translation.We are aiming to illustrate the significance of translational control during plant-microbe interaction and uncover more natural and synthetic regulatory RNA elements to control defense gene expression for precision agriculture.

关键词： Plant immunity translational control Translatome study uORF Precision agriculture

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Translatome Study of Plant Immunity

Translatome Study of Plant Immunity

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2018全国植物生物学大会

作者： Rui Mou Yulu Zhou Chunyu Lv Guoyong Xu Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University

Both plant growth and immune response are highly energy consuming and the allocation of energy to immune induction usually compromises plant yield.This is a key question that is commonly encountered in the lab condition and also in the agricultural practice.We are actively concentrated on resolving this conflict by dissecting plant immune regulation and hope to harvest ’Harmonious Crop Cultivars’ with balanced traits of yield and defense.We are using Arabidopsis and rice as model organisms to study ’translational control’,’Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Defense’and ’Precision Agriculture’.In the past 20 years,the community of plant defense have had a clear picture of immune regulation at transcription level and post-translation level.Until recently,our work at Duke has revealed that global translational reprogramming is a fundamental layer of immune regulation in plants,and that uORF-mediated translation allows engineered plant disease resistance without fitness costs(Xu et al.,nature22371,Xu et al.,nature22372).We currently work at Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS),Wuhan University.We have setup the following platforms:RNA-related sequencing platform including RIPseq,RNA-seq and Ribo-seq to find out more regulatory RNA elements;Luciferasebased genetic screening platform to find out the genes underneath the RNA elements,such as uORF,-mediated translational control;and Microscopy-based cell biology platform to study phase separation and the spatiotemporal organization and dynamics of translation.We are aiming to illustrate the significance of translational control during plant-microbe interaction and uncover more natural and synthetic regulatory RNA elements to control defense gene expression for precision agriculture.

关键词： Plant immunity translational control Translatome study uORF

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